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Institution

University of Iceland

EducationReykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland
About: University of Iceland is a education organization based out in Reykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Genome-wide association study. The organization has 5423 authors who have published 16199 publications receiving 694762 citations. The organization is also known as: Háskóli Íslands.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors obtained six z > 2 GRB afterglow spectra and fitted the Lyalpha absorption line in each case to determine the N(H I) distribution along GRB lines-of-sight.
Abstract: Context: .Before the launch of the Swift satellite, the majority of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows for which Lyalpha was redshifted into the observable spectrum showed evidence for a damped Lyalpha absorber. This small sample indicated that GRBs explode either in galaxies, or regions within them, having high neutral hydrogen column densities. Aims: .To increase the spectroscopic sample of GRBs with z>2 and hence establish the N(H I) distribution along GRB lines-of-sight. Methods: .We have obtained six z > 2 GRB afterglow spectra and fitted the Lyalpha absorption line in each case to determine N(H I). This has been complemented with 12 other Swift N(H I) values from the literature. Results: .We show that the peak of the GRB N(H I) distribution is qualitatively consistent with a model where GRBs originate in Galactic-like molecular clouds. However, a systematic difference, in particular an excess of low column-density systems compared to the predictions, indicates that selection effects and conditions within the cloud (e.g. strong ionization) influence the observed N(H I) range. We also report the discovery of Lyalpha emission from the GRB 060714 host, corresponding to a star-formation rate of approximately 0.8 Mo yr-1. Finally, we present accurate redshifts of the six bursts: z = 3.240 ± 0.001 (GRB 050319), z = 2.198 ± 0.002 (GRB 050922C), z = 3.221 ± 0.001 (GRB 060526), z = 3.425 ± 0.002 (GRB 060707), z = 2.711 ± 0.001 (GRB 060714) and z = 3.686 ± 0.002 (GRB 060906).

157 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Having severe fear of childbirth increases the risk of elective cesarean, especially among multiparous women, and lack of positive anticipation of the upcoming childbirth seems to be an important dimension of fear associated with cesAREan delivery.
Abstract: The Bidens study was funded by the Daphne II Program, European Commission for Freedom, Security, and Justice, Brussels, Belgium (Grant no. JLS / 2006 / DAP-1 / 242 / W30-CE-0120887 / 00-87). Mirjam Lukasse received a postdoctoral fellowship from the Norwegian Research Council, Grant no. 204292.

157 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A high-quality mouse genome-scale metabolic reconstruction, iMM1415 (Mus Musculus, 1415 genes), is created and it is demonstrated that the mouse model can be used to perform phenotype simulations, similar to models of microbe metabolism.
Abstract: Background: Well-curated and validated network reconstructions are extremely valuable tools in systems biology. Detailed metabolic reconstructions of mammals have recently emerged, including human reconstructions. They raise the question if the various successful applications of microbial reconstructions can be replicated in complex organisms. Results: We mapped the published, detailed reconstruction of human metabolism (Recon 1) to other mammals. By searching for genes homologous to Recon 1 genes within mammalian genomes, we were able to create draft metabolic reconstructions of five mammals, including the mouse. Each draft reconstruction was created in compartmentalized and non-compartmentalized version via two different approaches. Using gap-filling algorithms, we were able to produce all cellular components with three out of four versions of the mouse metabolic reconstruction. We finalized a functional model by iterative testing until it passed a predefined set of 260 validation tests. The reconstruction is the largest, most comprehensive mouse reconstruction to-date, accounting for 1,415 genes coding for 2,212 gene-associated reactions and 1,514 non-gene-associated reactions. We tested the mouse model for phenotype prediction capabilities. The majority of predicted essential genes were also essential in vivo. However, our non-tissue specific model was unable to predict gene essentiality for many of the metabolic genes shown to be essential in vivo. Our knockout simulation of the lipoprotein lipase gene correlated well with experimental results, suggesting that softer phenotypes can also be simulated. Conclusions: We have created a high-quality mouse genome-scale metabolic reconstruction, iMM1415 (Mus Musculus, 1415 genes). We demonstrate that the mouse model can be used to perform phenotype simulations, similar to models of microbe metabolism. Since the mouse is an important experimental organism, this model should become an essential tool for studying metabolic phenotypes in mice, including outcomes from drug screening.

157 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Taking more than one biopsy improved colposcopic accuracy and could improve patient management, and colposcopically directed biopsies functioned well when allowed a one‐degree difference between the biopsy and the surgical histologic interpretations.
Abstract: We evaluated the overall agreement between colposcopically directed biopsies and the definitive excisional specimens within the context of three clinical trials. A total of 737 women aged 16-45 who had a cervical biopsy taken within 6 months before their definitive therapy were included. Per-protocol, colposcopists were to also obtain a representative cervical biopsy immediately before definitive therapy. Using adjudicated histological diagnoses, the initial biopsies and the same day biopsies were correlated with the surgically excised specimens. The overall agreement between the biopsies taken within 6 months of definitive therapy, and the definitive therapy diagnoses was 42% (weighted kappa = 0.34) (95% CI: 0.29-0.39). The overall underestimation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 or adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2-3/AIS) and CIN3/AIS was 26 and 42%, respectively. When allowing for one degree of variance in the correlation, the overall agreement was 92% for CIN2-3/AIS. The overall agreement between the same day biopsy and definitive therapy specimen was 56% (weighted kappa = 0.41) (95% CI: 0.36-0.47), and the underestimation of CIN2-3/AIS was 57%. There were significant associations in the agreement between biopsies and excisional specimen diagnoses when patients were stratified by age, number of biopsies, lesion size, presence of human papillomavirus (HPV)16/18 and region. Of 178 diagnostic endocervical curettages performed, 14 (7.9%) found any HPV disease. Colposcopic accuracy improved when CIN2 and CIN3/AIS were grouped as a single predictive measure of high-grade disease. Colposcopy functioned well when allowed a one-degree difference between the biopsy and the surgical histologic interpretations, as done in clinical practice. Taking more than one biopsy improved colposcopic accuracy and could improve patient management.

156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2005-Geology
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used tephrochronology to date the sedimentary record from the North Icelandic Shelf and reconstructed solar irradiance, together with modeling results, to support the hypothesis that solar forcing is an important constituent of natural climate variability in the northern North Atlantic region.
Abstract: Diatom proxies from the modern position of the oceanographic Polar Front north of Iceland record variability in sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) during the past 2 k.y. The sedimentary record is dated with tephrochronology, alleviating marine 14C reservoir age uncertainties. Comparison of changes in SSTs on the North Icelandic Shelf with variations in the atmospheric circulation above Greenland, North American Atlantic coastal SSTs, and mean temperature anomalies for the Northern Hemisphere suggests synchronous North Atlantic–wide fluctuations, which would seem to imply a common forcing factor. A positive and significant correlation between our SST record from the North Icelandic Shelf and reconstructed solar irradiance, together with modeling results, supports the hypothesis that solar forcing is an important constituent of natural climate variability in the northern North Atlantic region.

156 citations


Authors

Showing all 5561 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Albert Hofman2672530321405
Kari Stefansson206794174819
Ronald Klein1941305149140
Eric Boerwinkle1831321170971
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir167444121009
Vilmundur Gudnason159837123802
Hakon Hakonarson152968101604
Bernhard O. Palsson14783185051
Andrew T. Hattersley146768106949
Fernando Rivadeneira14662886582
Rattan Lal140138387691
Jonathan G. Seidman13756389782
Christine E. Seidman13451967895
Augustine Kong13423789818
Timothy M. Frayling133500100344
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202377
2022209
20211,222
20201,118
20191,140
20181,070