Institution
University of Iceland
Education•Reykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland•
About: University of Iceland is a education organization based out in Reykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Genome-wide association study. The organization has 5423 authors who have published 16199 publications receiving 694762 citations. The organization is also known as: Háskóli Íslands.
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12 Feb 2003TL;DR: A conference on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem was held in Reykjavik from 1 to 4 October 2001 as mentioned in this paper, which addressed the present state of fisheries and their management, our present understanding of the dynamics of marine ecosystems, and how ecosystem considerations can be better incorporated in management of human activities in the oceans.
Abstract: A conference on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem was held in Reykjavik from 1 to 4 October 2001. The challenge provided to the conference was to define the practical next steps to move from the present fisheries management framework to ecosystem-based management. A series of invited review papers were prepared by leading experts in their respective scientific fields. These papers addressed the present state of fisheries and their management, our present understanding of the dynamics of marine ecosystems, and how ecosystem considerations can be better incorporated in management of human activities in the oceans. The contents of these background papers are summarized in this report, and conclusions presented.
365 citations
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TL;DR: An adult human breast ductal stem cell activity and its earliest descendants are identified and the four cell types assessed are constituents of an as of yet undescribed stem cell hierarchy.
Abstract: Cellular pathways that contribute to adult human mammary gland architecture and lineages have not been previously described. In this study, we identify a candidate stem cell niche in ducts and zones containing progenitor cells in lobules. Putative stem cells residing in ducts were essentially quiescent, whereas the progenitor cells in the lobules were more likely to be actively dividing. Cells from ducts and lobules collected under the microscope were functionally characterized by colony formation on tissue culture plastic, mammosphere formation in suspension culture, and morphogenesis in laminin-rich extracellular matrix gels. Staining for the lineage markers keratins K14 and K19 further revealed multipotent cells in the stem cell zone and three lineage-restricted cell types outside this zone. Multiparameter cell sorting and functional characterization with reference to anatomical sites in situ confirmed this pattern. The proposal that the four cell types are indeed constituents of an as of yet undescribed stem cell hierarchy was assessed in long-term cultures in which senescence was bypassed. These findings identify an adult human breast ductal stem cell activity and its earliest descendants.
364 citations
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TL;DR: Propagation model fits to the observed spectra indicate that the energy density of cosmic-ray nuclei with >3 MeV nuc-1 and electrons with > 3 MeV is 0.83-1.02 eV cm-3 and the ionization rate of atomic H is in the range of 1.51- 1.64 × 10-17 s-1, suggesting significant spatial inhomogeneity in low-energy cosmic rays or the presence of a suprathermal
Abstract: Since 2012 August Voyager 1 has been observing the local interstellar energy spectra of Galactic cosmic-ray nuclei down to 3 MeV nuc^(−1) and electrons down to 2.7 MeV. The H and He spectra have the same energy dependence between 3 and 346 MeV nuc^(−1), with a broad maximum in the 10–50 MeV nuc^(−1) range and a H/He ratio of 12.2 ± 0.9. The peak H intensity is ~15 times that observed at 1 AU, and the observed local interstellar gradient of 3–346 MeV H is −0.009 ± 0.055% AU^(−1), consistent with models having no local interstellar gradient. The energy spectrum of electrons (e^− + e^+) with 2.7–74 MeV is consistent with E^(−1.30±0.05) and exceeds the H intensity at energies below ~50 MeV. Propagation model fits to the observed spectra indicate that the energy density of cosmic-ray nuclei with >3 MeV nuc^(−1) and electrons with >3 MeV is 0.83–1.02 eV cm−3 and the ionization rate of atomic H is in the range of 1.51–1.64 × 10^(−17) s^(−1). This rate is a factor >10 lower than the ionization rate in diffuse interstellar clouds, suggesting significant spatial inhomogeneity in low-energy cosmic rays or the presence of a suprathermal tail on the energy spectrum at much lower energies. The propagation model fits also provide improved estimates of the elemental abundances in the source of Galactic cosmic rays.
364 citations
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Florence Demenais1, Florence Demenais2, Patricia Margaritte-Jeannin2, Patricia Margaritte-Jeannin1 +213 more•Institutions (79)
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of GWAS studies for asthma from multiancestral cohorts identifies five new loci and finds that the asthma-associated loci are enriched near enhancer marks in immune cells, suggesting a major role of these loci in the regulation of immunologically related mechanisms.
Abstract: We examined common variation in asthma risk by conducting a meta-analysis of worldwide asthma genome-wide association studies (23,948 asthma cases, 118,538 controls) of individuals from ethnically diverse populations. We identified five new asthma loci, found two new associations at two known asthma loci, established asthma associations at two loci previously implicated in the comorbidity of asthma plus hay fever, and confirmed nine known loci. Investigation of pleiotropy showed large overlaps in genetic variants with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The enrichment in enhancer marks at asthma risk loci, especially in immune cells, suggested a major role of these loci in the regulation of immunologically related mechanisms.
363 citations
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TL;DR: A brief review assesses tools and materials suggested for increasing the CE for pharmaceutically useful cyclodextrins and drugs.
362 citations
Authors
Showing all 5561 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Albert Hofman | 267 | 2530 | 321405 |
Kari Stefansson | 206 | 794 | 174819 |
Ronald Klein | 194 | 1305 | 149140 |
Eric Boerwinkle | 183 | 1321 | 170971 |
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir | 167 | 444 | 121009 |
Vilmundur Gudnason | 159 | 837 | 123802 |
Hakon Hakonarson | 152 | 968 | 101604 |
Bernhard O. Palsson | 147 | 831 | 85051 |
Andrew T. Hattersley | 146 | 768 | 106949 |
Fernando Rivadeneira | 146 | 628 | 86582 |
Rattan Lal | 140 | 1383 | 87691 |
Jonathan G. Seidman | 137 | 563 | 89782 |
Christine E. Seidman | 134 | 519 | 67895 |
Augustine Kong | 134 | 237 | 89818 |
Timothy M. Frayling | 133 | 500 | 100344 |