University of Ioannina

About: University of Ioannina is a education organization based out in Ioannina, Greece. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 7654 authors who have published 20594 publications receiving 671560 citations. The organization is also known as: Panepistimio Ioanninon.

SoxC transcription factors are required for neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Abstract: Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new hippocampal dentate granule neurons throughout adulthood. The genetic programs controlling neuronal differentiation of adult NSCs are only poorly understood. Here we show that, in the adult mouse hippocampus, expression of the SoxC transcription factors Sox4 and Sox11 is initiated around the time of neuronal commitment of adult NSCs and is maintained in immature neurons. Overexpression of Sox4 and Sox11 strongly promotes in vitro neurogenesis from adult NSCs, whereas ablation of Sox4/Sox11 prevents in vitro and in vivo neurogenesis from adult NSCs. Moreover, we demonstrate that SoxC transcription factors target the promoters of genes that are induced on neuronal differentiation of adult NSCs. Finally, we show that reprogramming of astroglia into neurons is dependent on the presence of SoxC factors. These data identify SoxC proteins as essential contributors to the genetic network controlling neuronal differentiation in adult neurogenesis and neuronal reprogramming of somatic cells.

Genome-Wide Association Studies, Field Synopses, and the Development of the Knowledge Base on Genetic Variation and Human Diseases

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to a rapid increase in available data on common genetic variants and phenotypes and numerous discoveries of new loci associated with susceptibility to common complex diseases. Integrating the evidence from GWAS and candidate gene studies depends on concerted efforts in data production, online publication, database development, and continuously updated data synthesis. Here the authors summarize current experience and challenges on these fronts, which were discussed at a 2008 multidisciplinary workshop sponsored by the Human Genome Epidemiology Network. Comprehensive field synopses that integrate many reported gene-disease associations have been systematically developed for several fields, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, bladder cancer, coronary heart disease, preterm birth, and DNA repair genes in various cancers. The authors summarize insights from these field synopses and discuss remaining unresolved issues -- especially in the light of evidence from GWAS, for which they summarize empirical P-value and effect-size data on 223 discovered associations for binary outcomes (142 with P < 10(-7)). They also present a vision of collaboration that builds reliable cumulative evidence for genetic associations with common complex diseases and a transparent, distributed, authoritative knowledge base on genetic variation and human health. As a next step in the evolution of Human Genome Epidemiology reviews, the authors invite investigators to submit field synopses for possible publication in the American Journal of Epidemiology.

Murine EMT-6 Carcinoma: High Therapeutic Efficacy of Microbeam Radiation Therapy

Abstract: Microbeam radiation therapy is an experimental modality using parallel arrays of thin ( 75%), not only were the above toxicities lower for the cross-planar microbeams than for the broad beams (P < 0.02), but severe leg dysfunction was also lower (P < 0.003). These findings suggest that single-fraction microbeams can ablate tumors at high rates with relatively little normal-tissue toxicity.

Incidence, Complications, and Management of Meckel's Diverticulum

Abstract: Objectives: To elucidate the incidence of Meckel's diverticulum; to determine the correlation between the histologic type of the diverticulum's mucosa and its clinical presentation; and to review our experience with Meckel's diverticulum. Design: Case-control study. Setting: University hospital in loannina, Greece. Patients: A total of 2074 patients undergoing an appendectomy were examined intraoperatively for Meckel's diverticulum (subgroup A 1 ). In addition, Meckel's diverticulum was found incidentally in 15 patients who were undergoing intra-abdominal surgery (subgroup A 2 ). An operation for a complicated Meckel diverticulum was performed in an additional 15 patients (group B). Results: Thirty-three (1.59%) Meckel diverticulae were found incidentally among 2074 patients in subgroup A 1 . A positive correlation between Meckel's diverticulum and male sex was found ( P 1 ( P P Conclusion: Resection of the unexpected Meckel diverticulum can be performed safely with a low complication rate, regardless of the patient's age. (Arch Surg. 1995;130:143-146)