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Institution

University of Iowa

EducationIowa City, Iowa, United States
About: University of Iowa is a education organization based out in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 49229 authors who have published 109171 publications receiving 5021465 citations. The organization is also known as: UI & The University of Iowa.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Deterministic communicable disease models which are initial value problems for a system of ordinary differential equations are considered, where births and deaths occur at equal rates with all newborns being susceptible.
Abstract: Deterministic communicable disease models which are initial value problems for a system of ordinary differential equations are considered, where births and deaths occur at equal rates with all newborns being susceptible. Asymptotic stability regions are determined for the equilibrium points for models involving temporary immunity, disease-related fatalities, carriers, migration, dissimilar interacting groups, and transmission by vectors. Epidemiological interpretations of all results are given.

682 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the complete fully elliptic, Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved using a low-Reynoldsnumber model, a new two-layer model, and a two-point wall-function method, in the k-s turbulence model, for the boundary layer and wake of two axisymmetric bodies.
Abstract: Results of a computational experiment designed to investigate the performance of different near-wall treatments in a single turbulence model with a common numerical method are reported. The complete fully elliptic, Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved using a low-Reynolds-number model, a new two-layer model, and a two-point wall-function method, in thek-s turbulence model, for the boundary layer and wake of two axisymmetric bodies. These tests enable the evaluation of the performance of the different approaches in flows involving longitudinal and transverse surface curvatures, streamwise and normal pressure gradients, viscous-inviscid interaction, and separation. The two-layer approach has been found to be quite promising for such flows and can be extended to other complex flows.

682 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The simulation model successfully describes the relative thermodynamic stabilities of proteins measured in E. coli, and shows that effects additional to the commonly cited “crowding” effect must be included in attempts to understand macromolecular behavior in vivo.
Abstract: A longstanding question in molecular biology is the extent to which the behavior of macromolecules observed in vitro accurately reflects their behavior in vivo. A number of sophisticated experimental techniques now allow the behavior of individual types of macromolecule to be studied directly in vivo; none, however, allow a wide range of molecule types to be observed simultaneously. In order to tackle this issue we have adopted a computational perspective, and, having selected the model prokaryote Escherichia coli as a test system, have assembled an atomically detailed model of its cytoplasmic environment that includes 50 of the most abundant types of macromolecules at experimentally measured concentrations. Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations of the cytoplasm model have been calibrated to reproduce the translational diffusion coefficients of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) observed in vivo, and “snapshots” of the simulation trajectories have been used to compute the cytoplasm's effects on the thermodynamics of protein folding, association and aggregation events. The simulation model successfully describes the relative thermodynamic stabilities of proteins measured in E. coli, and shows that effects additional to the commonly cited “crowding” effect must be included in attempts to understand macromolecular behavior in vivo.

682 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
14 May 2008-JAMA
TL;DR: Clopidogrel reduces the frequency of early thrombosis of new arteriovenous fistulas but does not increase the proportion of fistulas that become suitable for dialysis.
Abstract: Context The arteriovenous fistula is the preferred type of vascular access for hemodialysis because of lower thrombosis and infection rates and lower health care expenditures compared with synthetic grafts or central venous catheters. Early failure of fistulas due to thrombosis or inadequate maturation is a barrier to increasing the prevalence of fistulas among patients treated with hemodialysis. Small, inconclusive trials have suggested that antiplatelet agents may reduce thrombosis of new fistulas. Objective To determine whether clopidogrel reduces early failure of hemodialysis fistulas. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 9 US centers composed of academic and community nephrology practices in 2003-2007. Eight hundred seventy-seven participants with end-stage renal disease or advanced chronic kidney disease were followed up until 150 to 180 days after fistula creation or 30 days after initiation of dialysis, whichever occurred later. Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to receive clopidogrel (300-mg loading dose followed by daily dose of 75 mg; n = 441) or placebo (n = 436) for 6 weeks starting within 1 day after fistula creation. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was fistula thrombosis, determined by physical examination at 6 weeks. The secondary outcome was failure of the fistula to become suitable for dialysis. Suitability was defined as use of the fistula at a dialysis machine blood pump rate of 300 mL/min or more during 8 of 12 dialysis sessions. Results Enrollment was stopped after 877 participants were randomized based on a stopping rule for intervention efficacy. Fistula thrombosis occurred in 53 (12.2%) participants assigned to clopidogrel compared with 84 (19.5%) participants assigned to placebo (relative risk, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.97; P = .018). Failure to attain suitability for dialysis did not differ between the clopidogrel and placebo groups (61.8% vs 59.5%, respectively; relative risk, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.17; P = .40). Conclusion Clopidogrel reduces the frequency of early thrombosis of new arteriovenous fistulas but does not increase the proportion of fistulas that become suitable for dialysis. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00067119

680 citations


Authors

Showing all 49661 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Stephen V. Faraone1881427140298
Jie Zhang1784857221720
D. M. Strom1763167194314
Bradley T. Hyman169765136098
John H. Seinfeld165921114911
David Jonathan Hofman1591407140442
Stephen J. O'Brien153106293025
John T. Cacioppo147477110223
Mark Raymond Adams1471187135038
E. L. Barberio1431605115709
Andrew Ivanov142181297390
Stephen J. Lippard141120189269
Russell Richard Betts140132395678
Barry Blumenfeld1401909105694
Marcus Hohlmann140135694739
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023154
2022727
20214,128
20203,902
20193,763
20183,659