University of Iowa

About: University of Iowa is a education organization based out in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 49229 authors who have published 109171 publications receiving 5021465 citations. The organization is also known as: UI & The University of Iowa.

Solid-State Kinetic Models: Basics and Mathematical Fundamentals

Abstract: Many solid-state kinetic models have been developed in the past century. Some models were based on mechanistic grounds while others lacked theoretical justification and some were theoretically incorrect. Models currently used in solid-state kinetic studies are classified according to their mechanistic basis as nucleation, geometrical contraction, diffusion, and reaction order. This work summarizes commonly employed models and presents their mathematical development.

Fracture and Dislocation Classification Compendium-2018

Abstract: From the *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, ** Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospitial, University of California, San Francisco; *** Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, **** University of Iowa Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Iowa City, ***** Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Louisville School of Medicine Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest. Material presented in this Compendium is based on the Comprehensive Classification of Fractures of Long Bones by M.E. Müller, J. Nazarian, P. Koch and J. Schatzker, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990. The Orthopaedic Trauma Association is indebted to Professor Maurice Müller for allowing use of the system. Correspondence: James F. Kellam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.146, Houston Texas, 77030 (e-mail: James.F.Kellam@uth.tmc.edu) Copyright © 2017 by AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland; Orthopaedic Trauma Association, IL, US To encourage the use of this classification and this fracture classification compendium, the figures may be reproduced and the classification may be used for research, educational and or medical purposes without the need to request permission from the OTA, AO Foundation or the publisher. It cannot be used commercially or for-profit without permission. Foreword

RNA polymerase III transcribes human microRNAs

Abstract: Prior work demonstrates that mammalian microRNA (miRNA or miR) expression requires RNA polymerase II (Pol II). However, the transcriptional requirements of many miRNAs remain untested. Our genomic analysis of miRNAs in the human chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) revealed that they are interspersed among Alu repeats. Because Alu transcription occurs through RNA Pol III recruitment, and we found that Alu elements upstream of C19MC miRNAs retain sequences important for Pol III activity, we tested the promoter requirements of C19MC miRNAs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and cell-free transcription assays showed that Pol III, but not Pol II, is associated with miRNA genomic sequence and sufficient for transcription. Moreover, the mature miRNA sequences of approximately 50 additional human miRNAs lie within Alu and other known repetitive elements. These findings extend the current view of miRNA origins and the transcriptional machinery driving their expression.

The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises.

Abstract: The current International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) definition of pain as "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage" was recommended by the Subcommittee on Taxonomy and adopted by the IASP Council in 1979. This definition has become accepted widely by health care professionals and researchers in the pain field and adopted by several professional, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations, including the World Health Organization. In recent years, some in the field have reasoned that advances in our understanding of pain warrant a reevaluation of the definition and have proposed modifications. Therefore, in 2018, the IASP formed a 14-member, multinational Presidential Task Force comprising individuals with broad expertise in clinical and basic science related to pain, to evaluate the current definition and accompanying note and recommend whether they should be retained or changed. This review provides a synopsis of the critical concepts, the analysis of comments from the IASP membership and public, and the committee's final recommendations for revisions to the definition and notes, which were discussed over a 2-year period. The task force ultimately recommended that the definition of pain be revised to "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage," and that the accompanying notes be updated to a bulleted list that included the etymology. The revised definition and notes were unanimously accepted by the IASP Council early this year.

Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis.

Abstract: Although coronaviruses were first identified nearly 60 years ago, they only received notoriety in 2003 when one of their members was identified as the aetiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Previously these viruses were known to be important agents of respiratory and enteric infections of domestic and companion animals and to cause approximately 15% of all cases of the common cold. This Review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of coronavirus replication, interactions with the host immune response and disease pathogenesis. It also highlights the recent identification of numerous novel coronaviruses and the propensity of this virus family to cross species barriers.