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Institution

University of Iowa

EducationIowa City, Iowa, United States
About: University of Iowa is a education organization based out in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 49229 authors who have published 109171 publications receiving 5021465 citations. The organization is also known as: UI & The University of Iowa.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review nonlinear optical processes in various materials which can be utilized in passive optical limiting devices, including reverse saturable absorption, two-photon and free-carrier absorption, nonlinear refraction and induced scattering.

1,201 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is a growing movement to integrate mental health screening into routine primary care for pregnant and postpartum women and to follow up this screening with treatment or referral and with follow-up care.
Abstract: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and serious mental health problem that is associated with maternal suffering and numerous negative consequences for offspring. The first six months after delivery may represent a high-risk time for depression. Estimates of prevalence range from 13% to 19%. Risk factors mirror those typically found with major depression, with the exception of postpartum-specific factors such as sensitivity to hormone changes. Controlled trials of psychological interventions have validated a variety of individual and group interventions. Medication often leads to depression improvement, but in controlled trials there are often no significant differences in outcomes between patients in the medication condition and those in placebo or active control conditions. Reviews converge on recommendations for particular antidepressant medications for use while breastfeeding. Prevention of PPD appears to be feasible and effective. Finally, there is a growing movement to integrate mental health screening into routine primary care for pregnant and postpartum women and to follow up this screening with treatment or referral and with follow-up care. Research and clinical recommendations are made throughout this review.

1,196 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 May 2011-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: The use of information embedded in the Twitter stream is examined to (1) track rapidly-evolving public sentiment with respect to H1N1 or swine flu, and (2) track and measure actual disease activity.
Abstract: Twitter is a free social networking and micro-blogging service that enables its millions of users to send and read each other's “tweets,” or short, 140-character messages. The service has more than 190 million registered users and processes about 55 million tweets per day. Useful information about news and geopolitical events lies embedded in the Twitter stream, which embodies, in the aggregate, Twitter users' perspectives and reactions to current events. By virtue of sheer volume, content embedded in the Twitter stream may be useful for tracking or even forecasting behavior if it can be extracted in an efficient manner. In this study, we examine the use of information embedded in the Twitter stream to (1) track rapidly-evolving public sentiment with respect to H1N1 or swine flu, and (2) track and measure actual disease activity. We also show that Twitter can be used as a measure of public interest or concern about health-related events. Our results show that estimates of influenza-like illness derived from Twitter chatter accurately track reported disease levels.

1,195 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that microglia from mice lacking Gi-coupled P2Y12 receptors exhibit normal baseline motility but are unable to polarize, migrate or extend processes toward nucleotides in vitro or in vivo, implying that P2 Y12 is a primary site at which nucleotide act to induce microglial chemotaxis at early stages of the response to local CNS injury.
Abstract: Microglia are primary immune sentinels of the CNS. Following injury, these cells migrate or extend processes toward sites of tissue damage. CNS injury is accompanied by release of nucleotides, serving as signals for microglial activation or chemotaxis. Microglia express several purinoceptors, including a G(i)-coupled subtype that has been implicated in ATP- and ADP-mediated migration in vitro. Here we show that microglia from mice lacking G(i)-coupled P2Y(12) receptors exhibit normal baseline motility but are unable to polarize, migrate or extend processes toward nucleotides in vitro or in vivo. Microglia in P2ry(12)(-/-) mice show significantly diminished directional branch extension toward sites of cortical damage in the living mouse. Moreover, P2Y(12) expression is robust in the 'resting' state, but dramatically reduced after microglial activation. These results imply that P2Y(12) is a primary site at which nucleotides act to induce microglial chemotaxis at early stages of the response to local CNS injury.

1,192 citations


Authors

Showing all 49661 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Stephen V. Faraone1881427140298
Jie Zhang1784857221720
D. M. Strom1763167194314
Bradley T. Hyman169765136098
John H. Seinfeld165921114911
David Jonathan Hofman1591407140442
Stephen J. O'Brien153106293025
John T. Cacioppo147477110223
Mark Raymond Adams1471187135038
E. L. Barberio1431605115709
Andrew Ivanov142181297390
Stephen J. Lippard141120189269
Russell Richard Betts140132395678
Barry Blumenfeld1401909105694
Marcus Hohlmann140135694739
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023154
2022727
20214,128
20203,902
20193,763
20183,659