Showing papers by "University of Jordan published in 1995"
01 Dec 1995
TL;DR: A list of 118 plants belonging to 49 families, used in Jordanian traditional medicine to treat a variety of disorders, has been compiled based on a field survey.
Abstract: A list of 118 plants belonging to 49 families, used in Jordanian traditional medicine to treat a variety of disorders, has been compiled based on a field survey. Methods of preparation are recorded.
123 citations
TL;DR: A review and summary of the physical basis of the theory of paracrystallinity can be found in this paper, along with examples of electron microscope observations of microcrystals in polymers as well as in other materials.
Abstract: The experience of microparacrystals, in intermediate stages between “perfect crystalline” and “amorphous structures,” and as “building bricks” in condensed matter, has become accepted as a basic physical concept. Their existence was proven by optical and x-ray diffraction studies. A review and summary of the following aspects is presented mainly for the benefit of scientists working in the field of polymers: (1) basic features of the paracrystal; (2) types of paracrystalline distortions and their effects on the reflection profiles of the x-ray diffraction pattern; (3) the physical basis of the theory of paracrystallinity; (4) experimental determination of the paracrystalline distortion parameter g, the crystallite size Lhkt , and the α∗ value; (5) x-ray diffraction evidence of the existence of microparacrystals; and (6) examples of electron microscope observations of paracrystals in polymers as well as in other materials.
104 citations
TL;DR: The Lane-Emden equation describing temperature in a star in hydrostatic equilibrium was recently solved analytically by N.T. Shawagfeh [1] with highly accurate results using decomposition.
Abstract: The Lane-Emden equation describing temperature in a star in hydrostatic equilibrium was recently solved analytically by N.T. Shawagfeh [1] with highly accurate results using decomposition [1–9]. Further consideration suggests some computational advantage, avoidance of the initial transformations, possible generalizations in astrophysics, and a measurement to determine masses of the cepheids.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that nano-sized particles of cobalt ferrite produced by the coprecipitation method for use in magnetic fluids exhibit multiaxial anisotropy, which has not previously been reported for ferrite particles.
96 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that fresh shoot or root extract of the three weed species reduced germination, coleoptile length, root length and root dry weight of wheat seedlings, and Roots appeared more sensitive to allelopathic effect than shoots.
Abstract: Summary
The allelopathic effect of Amaranthus retroflexus L., Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats, and Amaranthus gracilis Desf. on wheat Triticum durum L. was investigated under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions. Laboratory experiments showed that fresh shoot or root extract of the three weed species reduced germination, coleoptile length, root length and root dry weight of wheat seedlings. The inhibitory effects were rate dependent, with low concentrations of shoot extract promoting shoot growth of wheat. Fresh plant extracts were more phytotoxic than dried plant extracts and shoot extracts had higher detrimental effects than root extracts. In pot experiments, dried shoot extract of A. gracilis increased shoot and root dry weights of wheat seedlings. For A retroflexus and A. blitoides the extracts of these and dried shoots (8 g kg−1), which had been added to soil mixtures significantly reduced ger-mination and growth of wheat seedlings. Addition of up to 16 g kg−1 of A. gracilis residues promoted shoot growth of wheat and had no significant harmful effect on root growth. Roots appeared more sensitive to allelopathic effect than shoots. Under field conditions, incorporation of A. retroflexus or A. blitoides residues in the soil reduced height, grain and straw yield of wheat, whereas A. gracilis residues stimulated plant height and increased yield.
68 citations
TL;DR: Children with an overjet greater than 5 mm sustained significantly more injuries to the incisor teeth than children with normal overjet, and the most common causes were falls and collisions with other children.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, aetiology and types of injuries to permanent incisors among 459 Jordanian schoolchildren aged 10-12 years, 234 from urban Amman and 225 from rural South Shouna. The prevalence of injuries in Amman was 19.2% (23.9% in boys, and 14.9% in girls) and in South Shouna 15.5% (19.1% in boys and 12.2 in girls). Significantly more boys than girls suffered injury. The difference in prevalence between urban and rural children was not statistically significant. The most common type of injury in both communities was enamel fracture, and the most common causes of injury were falls and collisions with other children. Children with an overjet greater than 5 mm sustained significantly more injuries to the incisor teeth than children with normal overjet.
62 citations
TL;DR: Phytochemical analysis of the ground aerial parts of Artemisia arborescenceens resulted in the isolation from the ethanolic extract of the known compounds: artemitin, arborescin, sesamin, (+)-lirioresinol beta-dimethyl ether, chrysoeriol, apigenin, beta-sitosteryl glucoside, dihydroridentin, and chry soeriol 4-glucoside.
Abstract: Phytochemical analysis of the ground aerial parts of Artemisia arborescens resulted in the isolation from the ethanolic extract of the known compounds: artemitin, arborescin, sesamin, (+)-lirioresinol beta-dimethyl ether, chrysoeriol, apigenin, beta-sitosteryl glucoside, dihydroridentin, and chrysoeriol 4-glucoside. The last six compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time. The same fraction also yielded the new eudesmanolide jordanolide (1). The effect of an aqueous extract of the plant was studied on rat isolated ileum, uterus, and urinary bladder. The aqueous extract (AE) caused a concentration-dependent reduction in the amplitude of the phasic contractions and in the tone of the ileum. On the other hand, AE caused a significant increase in the frequency as well as the amplitude of the phasic contractions and increased the tone of the isolated uterus and the urinary bladder strips. On the uterus, quinacrine, an inhibitor of the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites, and indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, potentiated rather than inhibited the effects of AE on this tissue. These observations are discussed in relation to the use of the plant extract in folk medicine.
46 citations
TL;DR: Clinical presentation, pattern of disease, disability and HLA association were similar to that in the disease reported in Caucasians in the West and all investigations including neurophysiology and imaging were very similar to Western reports.
46 citations
TL;DR: Patients with hepatic hydatid disease were examined by sonography, plain radiography, computerized tomography, and/or isotope scans and a univesicular cyst of the liver should be considered a possible Echinococcus granulosus infection until proven otherwise.
Abstract: Patients with hepatic hydatid disease were examined by sonography (N= 62), plain radiography (N= 62), computerized tomography (CT; N=25) and/or isotope scans (N=31). The clinical presentation ranged from asymptomatic to right upper quadrant complaints and, rarely, remote symptoms. Plain radiology showed liver calcifications in 26% of the cases tested; half of the calcifications were in collapsed, flattened cysts. Sonography, the investigation of choice, since it is cheap, non-invasive and accurate, is particularly useful during the active stage of cyst development, when plain X-rays appear normal or show non-specific hepatomegaly. Sonography was used to categorize cysts as ‘solitary univesicular’ (23% of cases, echo-free, with sand or split wall), ‘solitary multivesicular’ (31%), ‘solid echogenic mass’ (10%), ‘multiple’ (21%; either uni- or multi-vesicular) or ‘collapsed, flattened and calcified’ (16%). Sonography was superior to CT in the investigation of the cyst wall, hydatid ‘sand’, daughter cysts, an...
44 citations
TL;DR: Findings present the first direct evidence of the role of P.papatasi as a vector of L.major in Jordan.
Abstract: The status of sandflies as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the southern Jordan Valley was investigated during 1992. Sandflies were collected from domestic habitats and from burrows of Psammomys obesus. Of 686 Phlebotomus papatasi females collected from burrows, fourteen harboured promastigotes in their guts. On the other hand, none of 1446 P.papatasi females collected from domestic habitats were found infected. The highest infection rate (5.5%) was recorded in November at the end of the sandfly season. Six leishmanial stocks isolated from P.papatasi females were typed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis using the six enzymes G6PDH, 6PGDH, PGI, PGM, FK and ME. Five of the leishmanial stocks were identical to a Leishmania major reference strain (MHOM/SU/73/5-ASKH). The sixth isolate was a 6PGDH variant of L.major. These findings present the first direct evidence of the role of P.papatasi as a vector of L.major in Jordan.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, tomato cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) infestation based on different growth parameters, including total Orobanche number, haustoria development and number of emerged Orobanches.
Abstract: Twenty five tomato cultivars and one accession of wild tomato were evaluated for their resistance to branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) infestation. Tomato cultivars were found different in their resistance to Orobanche based on different growth parameters. Total Orobanche number, haustoria development and number of emerged Orobanche shoots were all different between tomato cultivars. Differences in the growth and fruit yield among tomato cultivars were also found in response to Orobanche infestation. Ranking tomato cultivars for Orobanche resistance indicates the existence of different resistance mechanisms in these cultivars. Relatively high to moderate levels of resistance were obtained in Tiny Tim, Acora, Castler, Pomodora, Orient, Red Alert and the accession LA 1478 of L. pimpinellifolium. The cultivar Tiny Tim showed the highest level of resistance for all measured parameters and in all experiments.
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: An ethnobotanical exploration in Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh, carried out during 1985-88, revealed 106 plant species exclusively used by herbalists for different diseases of their domestic animals.
Abstract: An ethnobotanical exploration in Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh, carried out during 1985-88, revealed 106 plant species exclusively used by herbalists for different diseases of their domestic animals.
TL;DR: Despite the availability of effective chemotherapy, bacterial meningitis will remain an important cause of high mortality and considerable morbidity.
Abstract: Among 121 cases of bacterial meningitis (age 2 months to 12 years; mean, 35 months) treated over a 3-year period, Neisseria meningitidis was the most common pathogen (33 per cent), then Haemophilus influenzae (32 per cent) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (15 per cent). In the H. influenzae group, 95 per cent were aged below 2 years. Overall mortality was 12 per cent: higher in the S. pneumoniae (17 per cent) and less common organism (21 per cent) groups. Neurological sequelae in 21 (20 per cent) of the 106 survivors included hearing impairment in 17 and quadriparesis in eight. Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae contained a significantly higher proportion of children with neurological morbidity (P = 0.0128). The addition of dexamethasone treatment during the third year produced an apparent but not significant trend towards less mortality (P = 0.7568), fewer neurological sequelae (P = 0.3401) and less hearing impairment (P = 0.3903). Despite the availability of effective chemotherapy, bacterial meningitis will remain an important cause of high mortality and considerable morbidity.
TL;DR: The effects of Glomus mosseae and Paecilomyces lilacinus on Meloidogyne javanica of tomato were tested in a greenhouse experiment and mycorrhizal colonization was not affected by the layer manure treatment or by root inoculation with P. Lilacinus.
Abstract: The effects of Glomus mosseae and Paecilomyces lilacinus on Meloidogyne javanica of tomato were tested in a greenhouse experiment. Chicken layer manure was used as a carrier substrate for the inoculum of P. lilacinus. The following parameters were used: gall index, average number of galls per root system, plant height, shoot and root weights. Inoculation of tomato plants with G. mosseae did not markedly increase the growth of infected plants with M. javanica. Inoculation of plants with G. mosseae and P. lilacinus together or separately resulted in similar shoots and plant heights. The highest root development was achieved when mycorrhizal plants were inoculated with P. lilacinus to control root-knot nematode. Inoculation of tomato plants with G. mosseae suppressed gall index and the average number of galls per root system by 52% and 66%, respectively, compared with seedlings inoculated with M. javanica alone. Biological control with both G. mosseae and P. lilacinus together or separately in the presence of layer manure completely inhibited root infection with M. javanica. Mycorrhizal colonization was not affected by the layer manure treatment or by root inoculation with P. lilacinus. Addition of layer manure had a beneficial effect on plant growth and reduced M. javanica infection.
TL;DR: The abundance and temporal association of P. papatasi activity with the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the study area pointed to the significance of this sand fly in the transmission of the parasite.
Abstract: The species composition of sand flies and the seasonality of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli were studied in the southern Jordan Valley from May to November 1992 using CDC light traps. Eleven species of sand flies were recorded, including P. kazeruni Theodor & Mesghali and P. tobbi Adler & Theodor, which are new records for the study area, and Sergentomyia squamipleuris Newstead, which is reported for the first time from Jordan. P. papatasi was the most abundant Phlebotomus species collected from domestic habitats as well as Psammomys obesus Cretzschmar burrows, comprising 89.4 and 99.5% of the total Phlebotomus catches, respectively. The catch of P. papatasi in CDC light traps was compared among domestic habitats, P. obesus burrows in an agriculturally modified semiarid rural habitat, and P. obesus burrows in a natural semiarid rural habitat. Peak P. papatasi abundance occurred in September and October and then declined sharply by late November. The abundance and temporal association of P. papatasi activity with the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the study area pointed to the significance of this sand fly in the transmission of the parasite.
TL;DR: Nickel(I) salen, electrogenerated from nickel(II) salens by means of controlledpotential electrolysis at a carbon cathode in dimethylformamide containing tetramethylammonium perchlorate, catalytically reduces α,ω-dihaloalkanes via a one-electron process that yields a radical intermediate as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a flat plate solar collector cooled by a set of heat pipes, designed and manufactured locally to work at the low temperature conditions equal to that of flat-plate solar collectors, is described.
TL;DR: In this article, critical salt coagulation concentrations (CCCs) were determined at constant SAR 5, 10, 15, or 20 for clay fractions of a semiarid surface sample of the Muaq'qar soil (fine, mixed thermic, Typic Calciorthid) and for turbid runoff rain water, containing clay particles, which was generated from the same area.
TL;DR: In this paper, the economics of water pumping by different methods are discussed and the results from the sites studied revealed lower costs for both photovoltaic and mechanical wind pumping systems than diesel generation, while higher costs were noted for the electrical wind pumping system.
TL;DR: Five crops inoculated with Glomus mosseae were grown for 10 weeks and the development of mycorrhizal infection and sporulation were assessed, finding the highest spore numbers were achieved in the rhizosphere of barley plants, followed by chickpea and beans.
Abstract: Five crops inoculated with Glomus mosseae were grown for 10 weeks and the development of mycorrhizal infection and sporulation were assessed. Infected roots from pot cultures of different ages were used to examine the host effect on the development of mycorrhizae. The effectiveness of each host was assessed by measuring spore numbers. For all hosts, the percentage of root length infected increased rapidly up to 10 weeks after sowing. Infectivity of root inocula increased with increasing percentage of root length infected with the inoculum for all crops, except where large numbers of mature spores (1755) had been produced on barley. The highest spore numbers were achieved in the rhizosphere of barley plants, followed by chickpea and beans. The lowest spore numbers were found in the rhizosphere of corn and okra plants. The type of the crop as well as the harvest date greatly influenced the size of the spore population and the extent of root colonization of G. mosseae.
TL;DR: It is suggested that during hypoxic stress, the accumulation of superoxide anions may participate in the hypoxia-induced contraction and that the metabolism of these radicals into H2O2 by superoxide dismutase maintains the relaxed state during normoxia.
Abstract: 1. Isolated proximal and distal extralobar branches of the pulmonary artery of the guinea-pig develop slow and well-sustained contractions in response to hypoxia (PO2 11-15 mm Hg) without prior stimulation with an agonist. These contractions are readily reversible by readministration of oxygen. 2. Incubation of these preparations with diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETCA, 5 mM for 30 min), an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase, significantly increased the hypoxic contractions whether DETCA was added before the challenge with hypoxia or after the hypoxic contraction had reached a plateau. This treatment also reduced the oxygen-induced relaxation. 3. Similarly, incubation with triethylenetetramine (TETA, 5 mM for 30 min), another inhibitor of superoxide dismutase, produced larger potentiation of the hypoxic contraction in the two preparations and reduced the oxygen-induced relaxation. 4. Furthermore, addition of H2O2 (10(-5) M-3 x 10(-4) M) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of the hypoxic contraction while larger concentrations (10(-3) M and 3 x 10(-3) M) caused contraction that did not respond to readministration of oxygen. 5. These observations suggest that during hypoxic stress, the accumulation of superoxide anions may participate in the hypoxia-induced contraction and that the metabolism of these radicals into H2O2 by superoxide dismutase maintains the relaxed state during normoxia.
TL;DR: The isolation and identification of seven xanthones from an extract of the rhizomes of Iris nigricans is described and a new compound 2-β- d -glucopyranosyl-1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (nigricanside) is established.
TL;DR: The stability of temazepam in blood under different storage temperatures was studied to assist the forensic toxicologist with the interpretation of results, particularly in cases where analysis has been delayed.
TL;DR: The interaction behavior of Jordanian humic acid isolated from the sediment of King Talal Dam with some chlorinated pesticides (tetradifon, p,p′-DDE and p, p′-DDT) was studied under different experimental conditions.
Abstract: The interaction behavior of Jordanian humic acid isolated from the sediment of King Talal Dam with some chlorinated pesticides (tetradifon, p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT) was studied under different experimental conditions, namely: humic acid concentration, pH, and temperature. The synergistic effect was also studied. The amount of pesticide that did not interact was determined by extraction and analysis by gas chromatography.
TL;DR: It can be concluded that brain CT scan is not indicated in the management of simple or complex febrile convulsions, and brain CT may be justifiable, but may not be clinically useful in themanagement of febRIle convulsion patients with prior neurodevelopmental deficits.
TL;DR: Although both tests would be useful for detection of circulating antibodies in cases suspected of having CL, especially in those having several lesions, IFAT is recommended for use in Jordan for its simplicity and rapidity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the design and selection procedure of airfoil sections for small wind turbine blades is discussed and implemented, and two different airfoils mixed at the outer third of the span will be sufficient and demonstrate good strength and aerodynamic characteristics.
TL;DR: Applying pre‐emergent in a herbicide combination with any of the above graminicides in chickpea resulted in as effective weed‐control and yield as obtained from hand‐weeding twice.
Abstract: Chemical weed‐control experiments on chickpea and lentil were conducted during two growing seasons at two locations in Jordan, where gramineous weeds dominated the weed population. Pronamide (3,5‐dichloro (N‐1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐prophyI)‐benzamide), at 0.5 kg a.i./ha pre‐emergent; Sethoxydim (2‐[1‐(ethoxyimino) butyl]‐[5‐(2‐ethylthio) propyl]‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one), at 0.5 kg a.i./ha post‐emergent; and Fluazifop‐butyl (butyl 2‐[4‐(5‐trifluoro‐methyl‐2‐pyridyloxy) phenoxy] propionate), at 0.5 kg a.i./ha post‐emergent, efficiently controlled grass weeds and improved yields in both crops. inclusion of Terbutryn at 3.0 kg a.i./ha applied pre‐emergent in a herbicide combination with any of the above graminicides in chickpea resulted in as effective weed‐control and yield as obtained from hand‐weeding twice. In lentil, the pre‐emergence herbicide Metribuzin (4‐amino‐6‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐3‐(methylthio)‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5‐(4H)‐one), at 0.5 kg a.i./ha, controlled weeds efficiently, but was toxic to lentil ...