Showing papers by "University of Jordan published in 2016"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate both transformational and transactional leadership styles that influence employees' knowledge sharing practices, and the impact of the latter on job performance, and then on firm performance.
Abstract: Purpose – Knowledge sharing adoption has been considered as a significant practice for organizations. However, there is a modest empirical confirmation to indicate how these organizations value the richness of their knowledge capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate both transformational and transactional leadership styles that influence employees’ knowledge sharing practices, and the impact of the latter on job performance, and then on firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – Data collected from 179 employees at the higher council of youth in Jordan were empirically tested using structural equation modelling. Findings – The findings revealed that both transformational and transactional leadership styles have significant impact on job performance, and the latter on firm performance. Also, it was found that transactional leadership impacted knowledge sharing, whereas transformational leadership did not. Originality/value – This research proposes a new approach to understand knowledg...
265 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effect of knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization) and knowledge management approaches (social network, codification and personalization) on innovation in Jordanian consultancy firms.
Abstract: Purpose
The paper aims to examine the effect of knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization) and knowledge management approaches (social network, codification and personalization) on innovation in Jordanian consultancy firms.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire that targets 266 respondents resulted in 216 usable ones with a response rate of 81.2 per cent. To test the research hypotheses, a multiple regression analysis was conducted, in addition to descriptive statistics that provide a background about the respondents.
Findings
The analysis showed that there is a significant and positive impact of knowledge management processes on innovation in Jordanian consulting firms, as well as a significant and positive effect of codification and personalization approaches on innovation, while the social network approach has a significant negative impact with innovation.
Originality/value
This is the first study that examines the effect of knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization) and knowledge management approaches (social network, codification and personalization) on innovation in Jordanian consultancy firms.
259 citations
TL;DR: The average degradation rate of the solar modules exposed to dust was calculated for exposure periods of one day, one week and one month as discussed by the authors, and the dusted module and another similar clean module have been then exposed to constant radiation and constant temperature using a solar simulator as light source.
238 citations
TL;DR: There is a strong relationship between learner’s behaviors and their academic achievement, and the proposed model based on data mining techniques with new data attributes/features, which are called student's behavioral features proves the reliability of this proposed model.
Abstract: Educational data mining has received considerable attention in the last few years. Many data mining techniques are proposed to extract the hidden knowledge from educational data. The extracted knowledge helps the institutions to improve their teaching methods and learning process. All these improvements lead to enhance the performance of the students and the overall educational outputs. In this paper, we propose a new student’s performance prediction model based on data mining techniques with new data attributes/features, which are called student’s behavioral features. These type of features are related to the learner’s interactivity with the e-learning management system. The performance of student’s predictive model is evaluated by set of classifiers, namely; Artificial Neural Network, Naive Bayesian and Decision tree. In addition, we applied ensemble methods to improve the performance of these classifiers. We used Bagging, Boosting and Random Forest (RF), which are the common ensemble methods used in the literature. The obtained results reveal that there is a strong relationship between learner’s behaviors and their academic achievement. The accuracy of the proposed model using behavioral features achieved up to 22.1% improvement comparing to the results when removing such features and it achieved up to 25.8% accuracy improvement using ensemble methods. By testing the model using newcomer students, the achieved accuracy is more than 80%. This result proves the reliability of the proposed model.
195 citations
TL;DR: The comparative study demonstrates that MVO is very competitive and outperforms other training algorithms in the majority of datasets in terms of improved local optima avoidance and convergence speed.
Abstract: This paper employs the recently proposed nature-inspired algorithm called Multi-Verse Optimizer (MVO) for training the Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network. The new training approach is benchmarked and evaluated using nine different bio-medical datasets selected from the UCI machine learning repository. The results are compared to five classical and recent evolutionary metaheuristic algorithms: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), FireFly (FF) Algorithm and Cuckoo Search (CS). In addition, the results are compared with two well-regarded conventional gradient-based training methods: the conventional Back-Propagation (BP) and the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms. The comparative study demonstrates that MVO is very competitive and outperforms other training algorithms in the majority of datasets in terms of improved local optima avoidance and convergence speed.
178 citations
TL;DR: The presence of a sponge loop on Red Sea warm-water and north Atlantic cold-water coral reefs suggests it is a ubiquitous feature of reef ecosystems contributing to the high biogeochemical cycling that may enable coral reefs to thrive in nutrient-limited and energy-limited environments.
Abstract: Shallow warm-water and deep-sea cold-water corals engineer the coral reef framework and fertilize reef communities by releasing coral mucus, a source of reef dissolved organic matter (DOM). By transforming DOM into particulate detritus, sponges play a key role in transferring the energy and nutrients in DOM to higher trophic levels on Caribbean reefs via the so-called sponge loop. Coral mucus may be a major DOM source for the sponge loop, but mucus uptake by sponges has not been demonstrated. Here we used laboratory stable isotope tracer experiments to show the transfer of coral mucus into the bulk tissue and phospholipid fatty acids of the warm-water sponge Mycale fistulifera and cold-water sponge Hymedesmia coriacea, demonstrating a direct trophic link between corals and reef sponges. Furthermore, 21–40% of the mucus carbon and 32–39% of the nitrogen assimilated by the sponges was subsequently released as detritus, confirming a sponge loop on Red Sea warm-water and north Atlantic cold-water coral reefs. The presence of a sponge loop in two vastly different reef environments suggests it is a ubiquitous feature of reef ecosystems contributing to the high biogeochemical cycling that may enable coral reefs to thrive in nutrient-limited (warm-water) and energy-limited (cold-water) environments.
146 citations
TL;DR: Healthcare professionals, academic institutions, and professional organizations have a responsibility for improving the content of YouTube(™) about mouth cancer by uploading useful videos, and directing patients to reliable information sources.
Abstract: Objectives We examined the content of YouTube(™) videos on mouth (oral) cancer and evaluated their usefulness in promoting early detection of oral cancer. Materials and methods A systematic search of YouTube(™) for videos containing information on mouth cancer was conducted using the keywords 'mouth cancer' and 'oral cancer'. Demographics of videos, including type, source, length, and viewers' interaction, were evaluated, and three researchers independently assessed the videos for usefulness in promoting early detection of oral cancer. Results A total of 188 YouTube(™) videos (152 patient-oriented educational videos and 36 testimonial videos) were analyzed. The overall usefulness score ranged from 0 to 10 (mean = 3.56 ± 2.44). The most useful videos ranked late on the viewing list, and there was no significant correlation between video usefulness and viewing rate, viewers' interaction, and video length. Videos uploaded by individual users were less useful compared with videos uploaded by professional organizations or by healthcare professionals. Conclusion Healthcare professionals, academic institutions, and professional organizations have a responsibility for improving the content of YouTube(™) about mouth cancer by uploading useful videos, and directing patients to reliable information sources.
146 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of ERP implementation success antecedents which consists of training, supportive leadership and ease of use on ERP Implementation success itself through a mediating effect of user satisfaction.
Abstract: Purpose – Most small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use some business management software to manage their daily operations. Ultimately they consider transitioning to an enterprise resources planning (ERP) system. However, implementing ERP system successfully is costly and complex, and often shows high disappointment rates or even abandonment due to need of fit with the business or social culture. In Jordan, large businesses have been using the ERP system for a long time, but SMEs usage of the system is relatively new. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of ERP implementation success antecedents which consists of training, supportive leadership and ease of use on ERP implementation success itself through a mediating effect of user satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical data were collected using a survey questionnaire which was distributed to ERP users in Jordanian healthcare organizations. A total of 175 responses were collected and analyzed using structure equation modeli...
140 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that a new tobamovirus isolated from tomato plants grown in greenhouses in Jordan during the spring of 2015 is identified, for which the name “tomato brown rugose fruit virus” is proposed.
Abstract: In this study, we completed the whole genome sequence of a new tobamovirus isolated from tomato plants grown in greenhouses in Jordan during the spring of 2015. The 6393-nt single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) genome encodes four proteins, as do other tobamoviruses: two replication-related proteins of 126 kDa and 183 kDa, a 30-kDa movement protein (MP) and a 17.5-kDa coat protein (CP). Phylogenetic analysis showed that this virus does not group with either the tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) or the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) clades. Instead, it stems from a branch leading to the TMV clade. Analysis of possible recombination events between this virus and representative isolates of closely related tomato-infecting tobamoviruses showed that at least one region originated by recombination. We provide evidence that we have identified a new tobamovirus, for which we propose the name “tomato brown rugose fruit virus”.
139 citations
TL;DR: In contact with biological fluids diverse type of biomolecules adsorb onto nanoparticles forming protein corona, dictate their interactions with biological systems and thus biological fate, therapeutic efficiency and toxicity.
137 citations
TL;DR: This review discusses key components (cells, electrodes, solvents, and electrolytes) in the design of a procedure for degrading a targeted pollutant, and some experimental techniques used to explore and characterize the electrochemical behavior of that pollutant are described.
Abstract: Electrochemical reduction of halogenated organic compounds is gaining increasing attention as a strategy for the remediation of environmental pollutants. We begin this review by discussing key components (cells, electrodes, solvents, and electrolytes) in the design of a procedure for degrading a targeted pollutant, and we describe and contrast some experimental techniques used to explore and characterize the electrochemical behavior of that pollutant. Then, we describe how to probe various mechanistic features of the pertinent electrochemistry (including stepwise versus concerted carbon–halogen bond cleavage, identification of reaction intermediates, and elucidation of mechanisms). Knowing this information is vital to the successful development of a remediation procedure. Next, we outline techniques, instrumentation, and cell designs involved in scaling up a benchtop experiment to an industrial-scale system. Finally, the last and major part of this review is directed toward surveying electrochemical studi...
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and green method using Punica granatum peels extract at room temperature was used to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) by a simple green method.
Abstract: Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were synthesized by a simple and green method using Punica granatum peels extract at room temperature. Biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The particles are crystalline in nature with average size 40 nm. The morphology of the copper oxide nanoparticles could be controlled by tuning the amount of Punica granatum peels aqueous extract and copper ions. This study determined the mortality efficacy of the synthesized CuONPs against green peach Aphid.
TL;DR: This study demonstrates that M. brunneum can systemically colonize different plant parts and improve plant growth when applied as a seed treatment, and this was also confirmed for the well-known endophytic B. bassiana strain used in this study.
TL;DR: A preliminary health-risk assessment for nine compounds according to the TTC concept shows no risk for seven of the micropollutats; for ciprofloxacin and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine, however, more-specific toxicity data would be required for a refined risk assessment.
Abstract: The reuse of treated municipal wastewater for crop irrigation is a necessity in arid and semiarid regions but a potential entrance for emerging contaminants into the food chain. However, little attention has yet been paid to the detection of micropollutants and possible metabolites in vegetables grown under realistic field conditions. In this study, the uptake of 28 micropollutants and carbamazepine metabolites in 10 different field-grown vegetable species (among them carrot, lettuce, potato, and zucchini) from Jordan was studied. A total of 12 micropollutants and six carbamazepine metabolites, four of which have never been analyzed before in plant-uptake studies, could be detected in all of the samples in concentrations ranging from 1.7 to 216 ng per g of dry weight. In edible tissues, the total concentration of micropollutants decreased in the order of leafy (247–533) > root (73–126) > fruit-bearing (5–76 ng per g of dry weight) vegetables. A preliminary health-risk assessment for nine compounds accordi...
TL;DR: The efficient p-doping of the donor-acceptor dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymer having the highest unoccupied molecular orbital level of -5.49 eV is achieved.
Abstract: [3]-Radialene-based dopant CN6-CP studied herein, with its reduction potential of +0.8 versus Fc/Fc+ and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of -5.87 eV, is the strongest molecular p-dopant reported in the open literature, so far. The efficient p-doping of the donor-acceptor dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymer having the highest unoccupied molecular orbital level of -5.49 eV is achieved. The doped films exhibit electrical conductivities up to 70 S cm(-1) .
TL;DR: A rapid, low-cost and simple colorimetric assay was developed using magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of listeria bacteria using D-amino acid substrate and found that the appearance of the gold surface area is proportional to the bacterial concentrations in CFU/ml.
TL;DR: The results provide novel evidence that enhanced brain activity changes relate to dual task motor decrements.
Abstract: Background Walking while performing another task (eg, talking) is challenging for many stroke survivors, yet its neural basis are not fully understood. Objective To investigate prefrontal cortex activation and its relationship to gait measures while walking under single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions (ie, walking while simultaneously performing a cognitive task) in stroke survivors. Methods We acquired near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data from the prefrontal cortex during treadmill walking in ST and DT conditions in chronic stroke survivors and healthy controls. We also acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and NIRS during simulated walking under these conditions. Results NIRS revealed increased oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in DT-walking compared with ST-walking for both groups. For simulated walking, NIRS showed a significant effect of group and group × task, being greater on both occasions, in stroke survivors. A greater increase in brain activation observed from ST to DT walking/ simulated walking was related to a greater change in motor performance in stroke survivors. fMRI revealed increased activity during DT relative to ST conditions in stroke patients in areas including the inferior temporal gyri, superior frontal gyri and cingulate gyri bilaterally, and the right precentral gyrus. The DT-related increase in fMRI activity correlated with DT-related change in behavior in stroke participants in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, and left frontal pole. Conclusion Our results provide novel evidence that enhanced brain activity changes relate to dual task motor decrements.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the influence of emotional intelligence on job performance and job satisfaction as well as the mediating role of job satisfaction in relation between emotional intelligence and job performance among administrative employees of the University of Jordan.
Abstract: Recent research findings are accumulating evidence that Emotional Intelligence (EI) is associated positively with important work manners. However, the research on Emotional Intelligence is mainly conducted in business field and in western countries; therefore there is a shortage of research on Emotional Intelligence in the context of public sector in Jordan. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of Emotional Intelligence on job performance and job satisfaction as well as the mediating role of job satisfaction on job performance among the administrative employees of the University of Jordan. The present study is based on Mayer and Salovey’s (2000) ability model of Emotional Intelligence. A sample consisted of 354 employees from the University of Jordan who completed self-report questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in order to test the proposed hypotheses. The research found that Emotional Intelligence is positively correlated with job performance and job satisfaction. The findings of this study also confirm the mediatory role of job satisfaction in relationship between Emotional Intelligence and job performance. It is suggested that Emotional Intelligence can be used to predict job performance and job satisfaction, therefore the understanding of Emotional Intelligence theory and its applications can be promoted for managerial and human resource practices throughout public sector organizations.
TL;DR: This study should raise awareness in nurses and other healthcare providers that IA is a potential problem for this population of university students and it was associated with high mental distress among the students.
Abstract: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) and its association with psychological distress and coping strategies among university students in Jordan.
Design and Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational design was used with a random sample of 587 university students in Jordan. The Perceived Stress Scale, Coping Behavior Inventory, and Internet Addiction Test were used.
Findings
The prevalence of IA was 40%. IA was associated with high mental distress among the students. Students who used problem solving were more likely to experience a lower level of IA.
Practice Implications
This study should raise awareness in nurses and other healthcare providers that IA is a potential problem for this population.
TL;DR: In this article, the structural parameters and ionic distribution over the crystallographic sites of hexaferrites were determined by refining the X-ray diffraction patterns and the magnetic phase transition temperature was found to decrease with the level of Cu substitution and the reduction of the superexchange interactions.
TL;DR: Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) principle is an important interdisciplinary field as discussed by the authors, and the literature of the past 27 years is searched for the major developments of MHD applications.
Abstract: Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) principle is an important interdisciplinary field. One of the most important applications of this effect is pumping of materials that are hard to pump using conventional pumps. In this work, the progress achieved in this field is surveyed and organized according to the type of application. The literature of the past 27 years is searched for the major developments of MHD applications. MHD seawater thrusters are promising for a variety of applications requiring high flow rates and velocity. MHD molten metal pump is important replacement to conventional pumps because their moving parts cannot stand the molten metal temperature. MHD molten salt pump is used for nuclear reactor coolants due to its no-moving-parts feature. Nanofluid MHD pumping is a promising technology especially for bioapplications. Advantages of MHD include silence due to no-moving-parts propulsion. Much progress has been made, but with MHD pump still not suitable for wider applications, this remains a fertile area for future research.
TL;DR: The results suggest that BTX-A may be an effective and safe treatment option for patients with TN and larger and well-designed RCTs are encouraged to translate these findings into better clinical outcome and better quality of life for TN patients.
Abstract: Several different interventions have been examined to alleviate pain and reduce frequency of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) paroxysms. However, some patients continue to have persistent or recurrent painful attacks. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach, we aimed to synthesize evidence from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) as a possible emerging choice of treatment for TN. We conducted an electronic search in 10 databases/electronic search engines to access relevant publications. All articles in all languages reporting RCTs on the efficacy and safety of BTX-A in the treatment of TN were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of four RCTs (n = 178) were identified for final meta-analysis. The overall effect favored BTX-A versus placebo in terms of proportion of responders (risk ratio RR = 2.87, 95 % confidence interval CI [1.76, 4.69], p <0.0001) with no significant detected heterogeneity (p = 0.31; I2 = 4 %). Paroxysms frequency per day was significantly lower for BTX-A group (mean difference MD = -29.79, 95 % CI [-38.50,–21.08], p <0.00001) with no significant heterogeneity (p = 0.21; I2 = 36 %). Despite limited data, our results suggest that BTX-A may be an effective and safe treatment option for patients with TN. Further larger and well-designed RCTs are encouraged to translate these findings into better clinical outcome and better quality of life for TN patients.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a summary of one of the observational postural analysis ergonomic assessment tools; Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) in terms of its development, applications, validity and limitations.
Abstract: The aim of this review is to provide a summary of one of the observational postural analysis ergonomic assessment tools; Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) in terms of its development, applications, validity and limitations. Research showed REBA’s convenience for postural assessment of jobs in numerous professional settings, including industrial and health care jobs, construction, sawmill tasks, supermarket industry, food industry, computer based jobs, packaging, school workshop, odontological services and for firefighters and emergency medical technicians. Face validity is established in two stages. In terms of concurrent validity, several studies used REBA to compare the results with other observational and direct methods so that the level of conformity between the two is determined. The limitations discussed in this review did not hold the method’s implementation back, on the contrary, it is currently used and remains a rapid to use tool with computerized checklist and tables available in public domain.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the output of the feedforward controlled system is linear versus the input reference with an additional nonlinear and bounded term.
Abstract: A formula that characterizes the output of the inverse compensation is derived when the inverse Prandtl–Ishlinskii hysteresis model is applied as a feedforward compensator. For that the composition property as well as the initial loading curve of the Prandtl–Ishlinskii model is used to obtain this formula. We demonstrate, therefore, that the output of the feedforward controlled system is linear versus the input reference with an additional nonlinear and bounded term. To illustrate the interest of this theoretical result, we propose an experimental application with a piezoelectric actuator (PEA). First, we apply the Prandtl–Ishlinskii feedforward technique to control the PEA. Then, the formula of the previous theoretical result is used to construct an $H_\infty $ feedback control from the feedforward controlled actuator. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the calculated controller and, therefore, the benefits of the formula concerning the output of the inverse compensation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the shear behavior of 10 full scale reinforced concrete beams that were constructed from natural aggregate, recycled aggregate and treated recycled aggregate was experimentally and analytically studied.
TL;DR: The aim of the present analysis is to implement a relatively recent computational method, reproducing kernel Hilbert space, for obtaining the solutions for systems of second-order differential equations with periodic boundary conditions.
TL;DR: The research findings suggest that, Jordanian nurses' gender made a difference in their perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care, and Spiritual care courses appeared to have a positive impact on their perception ofspiritual care.
Abstract: Aims: This study aimed to describe nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care in Jordan, and to investigate the relationship between their perceptions and their demographic variables. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional descriptive design and recruited a convenience sample of 408 Jordanian registered nurses to complete the spiritual care giving scale. Results: The findings of the study demonstrated that most of the participating nurses had a high level of spirituality and spiritual care perception. Significant differences were found between male and female nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care (P Conclusions: The research findings suggest that, Jordanian nurses' gender made a difference in their perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. They had satisfactory levels of perception of spirituality and spiritual care. Moreover, spiritual care courses appeared to have a positive impact on their perception of spirituality and spiritual care. Enhancing nursing care by integrating standardized spiritual care into the current nursing care, training, and education should also be emphasized.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: EvoloPy is an open source and cross-platform Python framework that implements a wide range of classical and recent nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms that facilitates designing new algorithms or improving, hybridizing and analyzing the current ones.
Abstract: EvoloPy is an open source and cross-platform Python framework that implements a wide range of classical and recent nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. The goal of this framework is to facilitate the use of metaheuristic algorithms by non-specialists coming from different domains. With a simple interface and minimal dependencies, it is easier for researchers and practitioners to utilize EvoloPy for optimizing and benchmarking their own defined problems using the most powerful metaheuristic optimizers in the literature. This framework facilitates designing new algorithms or improving, hybridizing and analyzing the current ones.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors combine 20 years of observations in a boreal forest at the SMEAR II station in Hyytiala, Finland, by building on previously accumulated knowledge and by focusing on clear-sky (noncloudy) conditions.
Abstract: . New particle formation (NPF) events have been observed all around the world and are known to be a major source of atmospheric aerosol particles. Here we combine 20 years of observations in a boreal forest at the SMEAR II station (Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations) in Hyytiala, Finland, by building on previously accumulated knowledge and by focusing on clear-sky (noncloudy) conditions. We first investigated the effect of cloudiness on NPF and then compared the NPF event and nonevent days during clear-sky conditions. In this comparison we considered, for example, the effects of calculated particle formation rates, condensation sink, trace gas concentrations and various meteorological quantities in discriminating NPF events from nonevents. The formation rate of 1.5 nm particles was calculated by using proxies for gaseous sulfuric acid and oxidized products of low volatile organic compounds, together with an empirical nucleation rate coefficient. As expected, our results indicate an increase in the frequency of NPF events under clear-sky conditions in comparison to cloudy ones. Also, focusing on clear-sky conditions enabled us to find a clear separation of many variables related to NPF. For instance, oxidized organic vapors showed a higher concentration during the clear-sky NPF event days, whereas the condensation sink (CS) and some trace gases had higher concentrations during the nonevent days. The calculated formation rate of 3 nm particles showed a notable difference between the NPF event and nonevent days during clear-sky conditions, especially in winter and spring. For springtime, we are able to find a threshold equation for the combined values of ambient temperature and CS, (CS (s−1) > −3.091 × 10−5 × T (in Kelvin) + 0.0120), above which practically no clear-sky NPF event could be observed. Finally, we present a probability distribution for the frequency of NPF events at a specific CS and temperature.
TL;DR: In this paper, a catalysts were used for transesterification of waste sunflower vegetable oil in order to produce biodiesel and the physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel comply with the EN and ASTM standard specifications.