University of Jordan

About: University of Jordan is a education organization based out in Amman, Jordan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 7796 authors who have published 13764 publications receiving 213526 citations.

The effect of malocclusion and self-perceived aesthetics on the self-esteem of a sample of Jordanian adolescents.

Abstract: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of normative treatment need, perceived social impact of malocclusion and satisfaction with dental appearance on self-perceived treatment need, self-perceived aesthetics, and self-esteem; the influence of self-perceived need and aesthetics on self-esteem; and whether receipt of orthodontic treatment influences self-esteem. A questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 410 students (195 males and 215 females) aged 14-16 years. Self-esteem was measured using the Global Negative Self-Evaluation (GSE) scale. The Aesthetic and Dental Health Components (AC and DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) were used to assess orthodontic treatment need. Students' AC scores determined their self-perceived dental aesthetics. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyse the association between all variables, and multiple stepwise regression analysis to study the effect of independent variables on self-perceived need for treatment, self-perceived aesthetics, and self-esteem. A correlation existed between the students' and examiner's AC scores (P < 0.01); however, students were less critical in evaluating their aesthetic appearance. Students who perceived themselves in need of treatment had a great need for treatment, as assessed by the DHC and the AC of the IOTN (r = 0.421 and 0.489, respectively), were dissatisfied with their dental appearance (r = 0.542) and avoided smiling to hide their teeth (r = 0.457). Students who scored high on the GSE scale perceived a need for orthodontic treatment, evaluated their dental aesthetics poorly, perceived an impact of malocclusion on social acceptance, and had a great normative orthodontic treatment need; the correlation, however, was weak with r values ranging from 0.134 to 0.317. Students who had received orthodontic treatment showed greater self-esteem than those who had not, although the correlation was weak. Dissatisfaction with dental appearance had a strong predictive effect on self-esteem.

Efficient Hybrid Nature-Inspired Binary Optimizers for Feature Selection

Abstract: The process of dimensionality reduction is a crucial solution to deal with the dimensionality problem that may be faced when dealing with the majority of machine learning techniques. This paper proposes an enhanced hybrid metaheuristic approach using grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to develop a wrapper-based feature selection method. The main objective of the proposed technique is to alleviate the drawbacks of both algorithms, including immature convergence and stagnation to local optima (LO). The hybridization is done with improvements in the mechanisms of both algorithms. To confirm the stability of the proposed approach, 18 well-known datasets are employed from the UCI repository. Furthermore, the classification accuracy, number of selected features, fitness values, and run time matrices are collected and compared with a set of well-known feature selection approaches in the literature. The results show the superiority of the proposed approach compared with both GWO and WOA. The results also show that the proposed hybrid technique outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches, significantly.

Development and applications of porous tantalum trabecular metal-enhanced titanium dental implants.

Abstract: It is estimated that over 26% of people, ages 65–74 in the US are edentulous.1 The number of edentulous people and people with significant number of missing teeth is even worse in the developing world. It is known that edentulism is a comorbidity to several systemic and oral diseases such as osteoporosis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, etc. 2–7 However, the underlying molecular mechanism that may lead an edentulous individual to be at risk for these diseases is not known. Several biological changes occur after loss of natural teeth. These include reduction on masticatory efficiency, altered neuronal/physiolocal sensation, psycological effects, alveolar bone remodeling, and changes on microflora composition. Complete and partial edentulism clearly reduces mechanical chewing function and esthetics. Edentulism and its comobidities have a bidirectional relationship, in other words, each condition worsens the other. While current treatment modalities for edentulism, such as dental implant therapy, are aimed at improving function and esthetics for patients, the systemic and oral co-morbidities of edentulism, including diabetes, osteoporosis, as well as a lack of sufficient remaining alveolar bone, challenge the immediate and long-term success of dental implant therapy. Recently there has been an incorporation of porous tantalum metal into titanium dental implants. This new type of dental implant may improve dental implant therapy in certain populations. This article therefore aims to review the basic science development, advantages and cautions, as well as possible clinical applications of the new tantalum metal implants.

Numerical Multistep Approach for Solving Fractional Partial Differential Equations

Abstract: In this paper, we proposed a novel analytical technique for one-dimensional fractional heat equations with time fractional derivatives subjected to the appropriate initial condition. This new analytical technique, namely multistep reduced differential transformation method (MRDTM), is a simple amendment of the reduced differential transformation method, in which it is treated as an algorithm in a sequence of small intervals, in order to hold out accurate approximate solutions over a longer time frame compared to the traditional RDTM. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense, while the behavior of solutions for different values of fractional order α compared with exact solutions is shown graphically. The analysis is accompanied by four test examples to demonstrate that the proposed approach is reliable, fully compatible with the complexity of these equations, and can be strongly employed for many other nonlinear problems in fractional calculus.