Showing papers by "University of Jyväskylä published in 1974"

Studies on the subcellular pathophysiology of acute lethal cell injury.

Abstract: Summary In this paper we have summarized the effects of acute lethal injury on the cell. Such injuries are defined as injuries that result in cell death within a relatively short period of time usually minutes or hours. Following death; the cell undergoes necrosis. Ultrastructural and biochemical methods are needed to study pathophysiology. The cell passes through a series of stages numbered 1 through 7. Stages 1 through 4 are reversible while 5 through 7 are irreversible. Injuries resulting in acute cell death and necrosis include direct damage to the cell membrane, for example by antibody and complement or non-penetrating mercurials or interference with mitochondrial energy supply as in ischemia. More complex injuries such as chemical toxicity in vivo probably act through these means. A hypothesis of progression through the stages and the reversibility is discussed.

Studies on the subcellular pathophysiology of sublethal chronic cell injury.

Abstract: Summary This paper summarizes some of the important subcellular events occurring after chronic sublethal cell injury. Chronic cell injury is defined as the result of injurious stimuli which permit cell survival though in altered steady states for protracted periods of time. The importance of ultrastructural and biochemical studies of these phenomena is emphasized. Among the phenomena discussed are alterations in lysosomes, cellular hypertrophy, fatty metamorphosis, alterations in microfilaments and microtubules, alterations in mechanisms of transcription and replication, disturbances in the cell surface and transport across the cell membrane, and alterations in intracellular transport.

The effect of simulation exercises on the control of aggressive behaviour in children

Abstract: .— The subjects consisted of two. matched, extremely aggressive (experimental = ExG and control = CoG) groups of twelve 8–year-old boys. and of one criterion group (CrG) of extrovert, well-controlled boys. Video-tape recording of behaviour was used both in pretest (T1) and post-test (T2). Between T1 and T2 the ExG was submitted to simulation exercises of 8 lessons given in a period of four weeks. The exercises consisted in social problem solutions on the purely cognitive (imaginary and symbolic) level and in role-playing (behavioral level). The hypothesis was that the combination of cognitive training and observational learning with the aim of making children realise alternatives to aggression in coping with thwarting situations and their after-effects. would influence individuals with strong aggressive habits to abandon theiraggressive reactions in favour of more constructive behaviour. As to aggression, the results supported the hypothesis. For constructive behaviour, (1) the ExG maintained the samelevel of control of social behaviour in T1 and T2, while a significant drop occurred in the GoC, and (2) the strategies of problem solution improved significantly in the ExG. In T2, the behaviour of the ExG resembled more closely that of the CoG than the behaviour of the CrG, as hypothesized.

Evidence for Two-Nucleon Polarization in the π(h9/2i13/2)11- ν(j-2)0+ Level in 208Po

Abstract: From in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements on the 208Pb(α, 4n)208Po reaction using the Stockholm 225-cm cyclotron, we have concluded that there is an 11-, 8 ns isomeric state in 208Po, which lies 1 175 keV above the π(h9/22)8+ state and that this isomeric state should have the configuration π(h9/2i13/2)11- ν(j-2)0+. Calculations based on the use of empirical two-particle interactions give a position of the 11- level which deviates by about + 100 keV from the experimentally found position. It is suggested that this deviation is mainly due to the difference in the polarization of the 206Pb-and 208Pb-cores by the two aligned h9/2 and i13/2 protons.

Effect of previous exercise on fracture healing: a biochemical study with mice.

Abstract: (1974) Effect of Previous Exercise on Fracture Healing: A Biochemical Study with Mice Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol 45, No 1-4, pp 481-489

Mechanical and electrical behavior of human muscle during maximal concentric and eccentric contractions

Abstract: The force-velocity relationships of human muscle (e.g., Asmussen, Hansen, and Lammert, 1965; Komi, 1973a) characterize the main mechanical differences in concentric and eccentric work. Some information also has been reported on the interrelationship between neural input and mechanical output during submaximal concentric and eccentric contractions. The slope of the regression line representing the relationship between IEMG and muscle tension is greater when muscle shortens at a constant velocity than when it lengthens at the same velocity (Bigland and Lippold, 1954). When recordings were made with a greater number of velocities, then a family of curves was obtained, a result which emphasizes the importance of the contraction velocity in determining the pattern of IEMG-muscle tension (kg) relationship (Komi, 1973b).

Long-range correlations in the pionization component

Abstract: Recen t ly I S R measuremen t s (1,2) of corre la t ions be tween a p ion in t he p la teau (lY=I 0 . 2 ) have been carr ied out . A typ ica l resul t is a corre la t ion func t ion which (if one holds y= fixed and the t ransverse m o m e n t u m of t he p ro ton < 1 GeV/c) has a pos i t ive va lue a t smal ler x, a zero at about x = 0.5, a rough ly cons tan t nega t ive va lue for 0.5 < x < 0.8 and approaches a large nega t ive va lue for x close to 1 (see below). In the fol lowing we shall quan t i t a t i ve ly expla in this s t ruc tu re in t e rms of a mode l which essent ial ly amoun t s to pu t t i ng f ini te-energy correct ions to a mul t ipe r iphe ra l c luster model . I n t he two-componen t p i o n i z a t i o n + d i f f r a c t i o n p ic tu re (a) for pp collisions we can wri te t he s t andard p ion-nucleon cor re la t ion func t ion in t he fo rm

Chemical shift reagents in the study of polycyclic alcohols IX—1H NMR spectra of myrtenol and some other primary alcohols

Abstract: Structure proof of (—)-myrtenol, 3-cyclopentenyl-1-methanol and 5-norbornene-2-endo-methanol has been obtained from their proton magnetic resonance spectra in carbon tetrachloride containing different added amounts of tris(dipivaloylmethanato)europium. For each alcohol, a 1:1 complex structure with Eu(dpm)3 could be computed, in which the calculated pseudocontact shift effects on all skeleton protons of the ring system were consistent with the observed shift effect values. A considerable contact contribution of opposite sign to that of the pseudocontact part of the effect could be estimated for the methylene protons of the CH2OH group.

Psychomotor reactions of aggressive and non‐aggressive extrovert children

Abstract: .— The subjects comprised two, matched, extremely aggressive (experimental ExG and control) groups of twelve 8–year-old boys, and one criterion group of extrovert, well-controlled boys. The ExG was submitted to a treatment of eight lesson? with the aim of making an individual realize non-aggressive, constructive ways of coping with situations. Video-tape recording was used. The results showed that (1) aggressively extrovert children were more impulsive and utilized more space than the constructively extrovert, (2) psychomotor characteristics were more stable over situations than aggressive and constructive coping strategies, and (3) no changes in the psychomotor characteristics of the ExG, attributable to the experimentally induced increase of constructive behaviour and decrease of aggression, could be found. The results were more in favour of the disposition interpretation of expressive movements than of the communication theory of psychomotor expression.

Where Do Diffractive Nucleons Go

Abstract: Nucleon and pion-nucleon distributions from the diffractive component in pp collisions are analysed. Diffractive events are assumed to come from a mechanism pp → N*p, in which a proton is diffractively excited to a nova N*. The decay properties of N* are determined by assuming that a Pomeron-proton collision behaves as a proton-proton collision. Correlations within the diffractive component are computed and seen to be numerically small. Even interference with the pionization component does not reproduce the observed pattern of pion (in the plateau)-proton (in the fragmentation region) correlations. This may imply the existence of long-range correlations within the pionization component.

Wave propagation in optical systems

Abstract: The intensity distribution in the image space of an optical system, due to an arbitrary object, is calculated by solving the problem of the propagation of a monochromatic light wave through the system. The system is assumed to be cylindrically symmetric with an arbitrary number of spherical surfaces. Analytic techniques based on the principle of stationary phase are used, and several advantages over ray-tracing techniques are obtained.

The Effects of Training on the Grammar of Preschool Children.

Abstract: The acquisition of morphological and syntactic rules of language during early childhood has been the object of intensive study in many languages during the last few years. As regards English, some surveys have already been published on the results (McNeill, 1970; Slobin, 1971). Research on the acquisition of morphological and syntactic patterns has been influenced on the one hand by psycholinguistics, on the other by the psychology of learning. This duality of starting points manifests itself also in the way of presenting problems and in the interpretation of results. One of the methodological difficulties when studying the acquisition of grammar was for a long time how to separate those language productions where the child imitates what he has heard from those which he creates himself, and where the verbal stimulus environment of the child cannot be known. Attempts have been made to solve this problem by investigating errors which children have made in their speech. Such a study, however, is slow, and besides, it does not make possible a systematic variation of stimulus material. Only when Berko (1958) in her study on the morphological patterns in English used, in the questions presented to children, artificial words (or words no longer in current use) which, however, followed the phonemic patterns of English, was the possibility of varying the stimuli methodologically established. This property of the method has not, in my