Showing papers by "University of Jyväskylä published in 1975"
TL;DR: The results indicated that for most of the variables studied the reproducibility of measurements was better within the test session than between the different test days, and it is suggested that these parameters can be recommended for use in EMG studies where recordings are repeated over a period of several days.
Abstract: Reliability and constancy of recordings of EMG signal characteristics were investigated from the measurements taken with miniature size surface electrodes during submaximal and maximal contraction of the rectus femoris muscle. The following EMG variables were studied: integrated EMG (IEMG) various bandwidths of the power spectral density function, mean power frequency (MPF), and rise time, amplitude and number of spikes of the averaged motor unit potential (AMUP). The results indicated that for most of the variables studied the reproducibility of measurements was better within the test session (reliability) than between the different test days (constancy). The reliability values for IEMG, MPF and AMUP amplitude were rather high (r=0.77-0.93) and it is suggested that these parameters can be recommended for use in EMG studies where recordings are repeated over a period of several days.
132 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that endurance training leads to increased activities of oxidative enzymes in the skeletal muscle, and a possibility exists that the turnover of muscle collagen in endurance athletes is continuously faster than that in sedentary men of corresponding ages.
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the activities of certain enzymes representing aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism as well as the biosynthesis of collagen of M. vastus lateralis in 23 male endurance athletes in habitual training, aged 33 to 70 years. 23 sedentary healthy men of corresponding ages were selected for the control group. The mean maximal oxygen uptake of the trained subjects was 53.6 ml · kg−1 · min−1 and that of the control subjects 36.3 ml · kg−1 · min−1. As compared to the control group the trained subjects had significantly higher values in the muscle malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and prolyl hydroxylase activities, whereas the opposite was true in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. In hexokinase and creatine phosphokinase no marked differences between the groups were observed. The results showed that endurance training leads to increased activities of oxidative enzymes in the skeletal muscle. The adaptation changes were also observed in old men. The increased activity of prolyl hydroxylase may reflect the general enzymatic adaptation to physical training. A possibility exists that the turnover of muscle collagen in endurance athletes is continuously faster than that in sedentary men of corresponding ages.
50 citations
TL;DR: Vinblastine and demecolcine were shown to be potent inducers of autophagy also in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro and it is suggested that this effect is rather dependent on direct effect on membranes of endoplasmic reticulum than on the breakdown of microtubules by these compounds.
37 citations
TL;DR: Extracts prepared from resting seeds of Scots pine rapidly hydrolysed two peptides, Leu–Tyr and Ala–Gly, at pH 8.6 and 7.8, which indicates that they are due to two different peptidases.
Abstract: Extracts prepared from resting seeds of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., rapidly hydrolysed two peptides, Leu–Tyr and Ala–Gly, at pH 8.6 and 7.8, respectively. In gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100 the two activities were eluted as separate peaks, which indicates that they are due to two different peptidases.
The seeds were allowed to germinate at 20°C, the activities of the two enzymes were assayed separately on extracts from the endosperm and seedling tissues at different stages of germination, and compared with corresponding changes in dry weight and total nitrogen. Both enzyme activities were relatively high in the endosperm of resting seeds, and they increased about 2- and 3-fold during germination (expressed as enzyme units per seed), the increases coinciding with the time of rapid reserve protein mobilization. Both enzymes were also abundant in the embryos of resting seeds, and during germination their activities increased even more rapidly than those in the endosperm.
The possible role of these two “alkaline peptidases” in reserve protein hydrolysis is discussed.
32 citations
TL;DR: It is reported here that human blood mononuclear cells can, apparently without any inducing agent, produce material inhibiting migration of homologous leukocytes.
Abstract: LYMPHOCYTES, after antigenic stimulation, may synthesise and release biologically active soluble factors other than antibodies. These mediators were termed lymphokines by Dumonde1, and the most extensively studied and best characterised are migration inhibitory factors which can inhibit the migration of macrophages or leukocytes: this is the property used for their in vitro bioassay. Apart from antigens, various other stimuli may trigger lymphokine synthesis by lymphocytes, for example, polyclonal mitogens2, anti-immunoglobulin or membrane Fc or C3-receptor reactions3,4. Furthermore, migration inhibitory activity has been found in the long term culture supernatants of some established lymphoid and even non-lymphoid cell lines5,6. We report here that human blood mononuclear cells can, apparently without any inducing agent, produce material inhibiting migration of homologous leukocytes.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a combined swept-current magnetic lens plus Si(Li) electron spectrometer with simultaneous momentum and energy selection is presented for in-beam measurements of conversion electron lines up to several MeV in energy and for nanosecond lifetime determinations, as well as for continuous beta-ray spectra and conversion lines from short-lived activities.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of new submolecules is presented and some absorptions of aromatic radicals are interpreted in UV and visible spectra, and an extension of the model to biological systems is prejudged.
Abstract: A model of new submolecules is presented. As an application some absorptions of aromatic radicals are interpreted in UV and visible spectra. Extension of the model to biological systems is prejudged.
12 citations
TL;DR: The body weight, plumage, insulation, oxygen consumption and body lipids were studied seasonally in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus L. domesticus and the insulative property of the plumage was better in autumn and winter birds than in summer birds.
11 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that the convergent validity of the indices over construct type was low and that the construct type had an effect upon the intercorrelations of different indices of cognitive complexity.
Abstract: .— An application of the Campbell and Fiske multimethod-multitrait analysis and factor analysis was used to study the convergent validity of the following indices of cognitive complexity: Bieri's Index, Vannoy's Interaction Variance Measure, Number of Factors, and First Factor Percentage. In the analysis the individual constructs elicited by Reptest were contrasted with two sets of provided constructs, namely Semantic Differential and Personality Differential scales. The subjects were 36 psychology students. The results indicated that the convergent validity of the indices over construct type was low and that the construct type had an effect upon the intercorrelations of different indices of cognitive complexity.
11 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the vascularity of long bones is affected by physical training, and varying responses in different bones are perhaps due to the amount of mechanical stress during physical activity.
Abstract: The effect of physical training on the blood circulation of long bones was studied in growing rats and mice of NMRI-strain. The animals to be trained and their controls were about 2 weeks old at the beginning of the training. The training took place on a 5° inclined treadmill 5 days a week for 3 weeks in experiment I and 7 weeks in experiments II and III. The duration of the daily exercise was progressively increased over 3 weeks. The final exercise bouts were 80 min for moderate and 180 min for intensive training programs. The circulating red cell volume (ml/100 g bone) of the humeral, femoral and tibial bones of the trained animals was lower compared to the controls in all three experiments mainly due to reduced hematocrit values. The circulating blood volume (ml/100 g bone) decreased in the tibial bones of the trained animals in experiment I and showed a decreasing tendency in experiment III, but no significant differences between the groups were observed in the humeral and femoral bones. Yet, when related to the volume of the bones the circulating blood volume (ml/100 ccm bone) was significantly higher in the femoral bones of the trained animals, while the changes in the humeral bones were negligible (experiment III). The results suggest that the vascularity of long bones is affected by physical training. The varying responses in different bones are perhaps due to the amount of mechanical stress during physical activity.
10 citations
TL;DR: A rare opportunity to work on coexisting mammal and insect populations in a restrictive environment was afforded to the present authors in connection with studies on island populations of the meadow spittlebug, Phdaenus spumarius (L.).
Abstract: A rare opportunity to work on coexisting mammal and insect populations in a restrictive environment was afforded to the present authors in connection with studies on island populations of the meadow spittlebug, Phdaenus spumarius (L.). Some of the populations investigated were found to live in meadows simultaneously inhabited by the field vole, Microtus agrestis L. The populations analyzed live on very small islets which are sufficiently isolated to resemble the fenced plots used in certain modern experiments on the ecological genetics of microtine rodents (Krebs et al., 1973). Fencing a vole population destroys the regulatory machinery which normally prevents overgrazing. At peak densities of the M. agrestis populations, the island meadows investigated by us suffer heavily from overgrazing. The present work covers a period of six years, 1969-74, which is enough to allow inclusion of both \"overgrazing growth seasons\" and recovery seasons. Philaenus spumarius is considered an object in which changes are produced through disturbance of the environment by Microtus agrestis . The phenotypic variable studied in Philaenus is a multiple color polymorphism, the genetic basis of which has recently been unraveled by Halkka et aI. (1973). At most eleven color morphs determined by seven allelic genes plus a small number of modifiers are found in the island populations investigated. In the present work, the phenotypes caused by modifiers are not considered separately but occur under
TL;DR: In the last few years, considerable efforts have been devoted to the tracing of halogenated hydrocarbons, particularly DDT and PCB, and of mercury in Baltic animals as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: During the last few years, considerable efforts have been devoted to the tracing of halogenated hydrocarbons, particularly DDT and PCB, and of mercury in Baltic animals. These investigations have already produced some important generalizations, which may be summarized as follows: (1) The concentrations of halogenated hydrocarbons and mercury in the tissues of Baltic animals are in general higher than those found in the corresponding species on the west coast of Sweden and in the Norwegian waters. (2) The highest levels of DDT compounds seem to occur in the animals of the southern Baltic and the Sound (oresund). (3) The highest contents of methylmercury in the Baltic fish occur in certain coastal areas, usually polluted by pulp mill wastes, while the fish caught in the open sea seem to be less contaminated. (4) Especially high concentrations of pesticide residues have been observed in fish-eating birds and mammals of the Baltic, viz. in animals representing the top levels of the food chains. (5) No fatal poisoning of fish and waterfowl due to high concentrations of pesticides has so far been observed in the Baltic area. The situation is worse with white-tailed eagles and some other raptorial birds whose populations have almost totally collapsed in many coastal regions, probably partly owing to the synergetic effects of all accumulated poisons.
TL;DR: Differences between individual constructs and provided constructs are dependent upon which criterion is chosen to contrast the two types of constructs, which indices are used to measure the chosen criterion, and what type of provided construct are compared with individual constructs.
Abstract: .— Bruner & Tagiuri's (1954) concept of implicit personality theory, and Kelly's (1955) theory of personal constructs were used as a basis for a hypothesis that an individual's own constructs mediate more differentiated perceptions of other people than constructs provided by the experimenter. The hypothesis was tested by using four indices of cognitive complexity and one index of extremity of ratings to measure differentiation. The individual constructs were derived by using Reptest. The provided constructs were Semantic Differential and Personality Differential scales. The subjects were 36 psychology students. Two experimenters were employed to control experimenter effects. The data did not support the hypothesis but showed that differences between individual constructs and provided constructs are dependent upon which criterion is chosen to contrast the two types of constructs, which indices are used to measure the chosen criterion, and what type of provided constructs are compared with individual constructs.
TL;DR: In this article, the coupling constants of 2-endo-methyl-5-norbornen-2-exo-ol, 2-endometrizedmethyl-4.5normaine-2.2-endow-ol and 2-ende-methylnornen-1.2.1-endove-ol were measured from single samples using a dual probe pulse Fourier transform method.
Abstract: Carbon chemical shifts and direct 13C1H coupling constants of 2-endo-methyl-5-norbornen-2-exo-ol, 2-exo-methyl-5-norbornen-2-endo-ol, 2-endo-methylnorbornan-2-exo-ol and 2-exo-methylnorbornan-2-endo-ol have been measured from single samples using a dual probe pulse Fourier transform method.
TL;DR: In this article, the directional correlation method was used to determine the multipole mixing ratios of some γ-transitions in 152 Gd, and the 678.6 and 1089.8 keV γ -rays from the 3 + quasi-γ-band level were observed to be almost pure E2 transitions.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: Some recent findings suggest that the synthesis of connective and muscle tissue components are closely related to each other e.g. in the development of work-induced experimental muscle hypertrophy both in skeletal and heart muscles.
Abstract: A rapid progress has taken place in the field of connective tissue chemistry during recent years. The structure and metabolism of collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans and pro-. teoglycans of different connective tissues have been extensively investigated. One of the main observations has been that large differences exist between various connective tissues [12]. For example, four different forms of collagen have been identified. The collagens in bone, cartilage, skin and basement membrane have either different amino acid composition in the a-chains or contain one or two similar a-chains in the triple helix. The scope of the connective tissue research has been extended also to skeletal muscle. Some recent findings suggest that the synthesis of connective and muscle tissue components are closely related to each other e.g. in the development of work-induced experimental muscle hypertrophy both in skeletal [16, 27] and heart [19] muscles.
TL;DR: In this paper, double-and triple- coincidence studies of the decay of 208 Tl(ThC) were performed and the measured branching ratios were compared with those calculated from theoretical and empirical wave functions of the levels of 208 Pb.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: The present investigation was undertaken to find out the effects of physical training on the activities of some metabolic enzymes in the skeletal muscle, the long bone and the Achilles tendon.
Abstract: According to several recent papers the activity of some enzymes of energy yielding metabolic pathways increases by endurance training in muscles, but it is not yet known whether similar changes occur also in connective tissues. Some structural, chemical, physical and metabolic changes, however, appear in connective tissues during adaptation to physical exercise. Physical training produces hypertrophy of e.g. tendon and articular cartilage in young rabbits [6] and increases the tensile strength of tendons and breaking strength of bones in growing mice [7]. The level of physical activity affects the turnover of collagen in long bones and Achilles tendons of mice [4] and also affects the mineral and organic bone turnover in swine [1] suggesting that functional stress partly determines the metabolism of connective tissue in the locomotor system. The present investigation was undertaken to find out the effects of physical training on the activities of some metabolic enzymes in the skeletal muscle, the long bone and the Achilles tendon.
TL;DR: Questionnaire data on mental health in three life areas (work, family, and leisure) were analysed by ANOVA together with estimation of the magnitudes of different effects, suggesting that analysis of variance components is useful in comparing corresponding effects in different groups of subjects.
Abstract: .— Questionnaire data on mental health in three life areas (work, family, and leisure) were analysed by ANOVA together with estimation of the magnitudes of different effects. The Ss were 60 employed women with varied marital status. About 55% of mental health variation was explained by the generalization model and 4% by the person by life area interaction. It was suggested that analysis of variance components is useful in comparing corresponding effects in different groups of subjects. Some limitations of cross-sectional research strategy were discussed, stressing the need for other strategies in research on the relation between mental health in different life areas.
TL;DR: People working in physically hard occupations (industrial and mining workers) were found to have more diseases and had higher IBA values than had workers in lighter occupations and both ageing and morbidity are regulated by occupational status and social conditions connected with it.
Abstract: Biological age, health, and health-risk indicators were examined among 460 systematically chosen men, aged 25-57 years, in two parts of Finland. Morbidity rates and the prevalence of some health-risk indicators were higher and the standard of living lower in North Karelia than in South-West Finland. The index of biological age (IBA) did not show significant differences between the districts and did not correlate with health-risk indicators. People working in physically hard occupations (industrial and mining workers) were found to have more diseases and had higher IBA values than had workers in lighter occupations. The results suggest that both ageing and morbidity are regulated by occupational status and social conditions connected with it.
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TL;DR: In this article, the disintegration of 14.6 h90Nb produced by bombarding natural Zr with 13 MeV protons was investigated by methods of γ-ray spectrometry.
Abstract: The disintegration of 14.6 h90Nb produced by bombarding natural Zr with 13 MeV protons was investigated by methods of γ-ray spectrometry. Results from singles, coincidence and anti-Compton spectrometer measurements are reported. A decay scheme is proposed including excited states in90Zr at 1761, 2186.4, 2319.1, 2739.4, 2747.9, 3077.0, 3448.2, 3589.5, 3977.1, 4232.4, 4319.5, 4375.4, 4541.6, 5060.0, 5164.6 and 5432.9 keV. Over 10 γ-ray transitions and several levels proposed in an earlier investigation are shown to be in error.
TL;DR: In this article, individual consistencies were examined on the basis of correlational analyses and task similarities, and the consistency of individual psychomotor behaviour across all the tasks was highest in the number of selfinitiated acts (psychomotor activeness).
Abstract: .— Interpersonal behaviour of individuals in five tasks (individual performance, two dyadic tasks, two small-group tasks) was videotaped and coded on 11 psychomotor categories concerning (a) movements regulating interaction, (b) indications of tension, and (c) temperamental acts. The individual consistencies were examined on the basis of correlational analyses and task similarities. The consistency of individual psychomotor behaviour across all the tasks was highest in the number of selfinitiated acts (psychomotor activeness). Consistency was also found in the total tension score and the utilization of large/narrow space, while the effect of the particular tasks was clearly demonstrated in the other categories of psychomotor style. Both communication and disposition interpretations of psychomotor styles were considered in the explanation of the results, and some methodological factors reflected in the interpretations were presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral properties of acrylic, trans-crotonic and 3-butenoic acids, their methyl esters and corresponding alcohols (COOH substituted by CH2OH) have been measured for 5% (w/v) solutions in carbon tetrachloride and in pyridine-d5 at 33·5 °C.
Abstract: Proton magnetic resonance spectral parameters of acrylic, trans-crotonic and 3-butenoic acids, their methyl esters and the corresponding alcohols (COOH substituted by CH2OH) have been measured for 5% (w/v) solutions in carbon tetrachloride and in pyridine-d5 at 33·5 °C. The total solvent effect of pyridine on the shifts of the skeleton protons of the acid was found to consist of three different effects independently measured from the reference samples.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a continuous liquid-liquid phase separation (LLSP) centrifuge with a minimum hold-up time of less than five seconds (phase purity 99.0-99.9%).
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the erroneous results in earlier INDO spin density calculations for hydroaromatic radicals containing ortho disubstituted benzene rings are due to the wrong order of the e 2u near degenerate π molecular orbitals of the benzene ring after the extended Huckel initialization.