Showing papers by "University of Jyväskylä published in 1981"
TL;DR: In this paper, the stopping power of an electron gas for slow ions using the density functional formalism has been calculated using the self-consistent potential around the ion and from scattering theory determine the energy loss directly.
300 citations
TL;DR: This material is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form.
Abstract: Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) This material is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Puska, Martti; Nieminen, R. M.; Manninen, M.
283 citations
TL;DR: Changes in the prestretch conditions are interpreted to modify the acto-myosin cross-bridge formation so that the storage and utilization of elastic energy is associated with high prestretch speed, high eccentric force and short coupling time.
Abstract: The conditions associated prior to and during the transition from prestretch to shortening may have considerable influence on the final performance of muscle. In the present study male subjects of good physical condition performed vertical jumps on the force-platform with and without preliminary counter movement. In the counter movement jump (CMJ) the amplitude of the knee bending, velocity of the prestretch and the force attained at end of prestretch were the primary parameters of interest. In addition the coupling time indicating the transition from the eccentric (prestretch) phase to the concentric phase was recorded from the angular displacement and reaction force curves. In the final calculation the mechanical performance parameters of CMJ were always compared with those of the jumps performed without counter movement. The results indicated in general first that CMJ enhanced the average concentric force and average mechanical power by 423 N (66%) and 1158 W (81%), respectively. This potentiation effect was the higher the higher was the force at end of prestretch (p less than 0.001). Similarly, the prestretch speed (p less than 0.001) and short coupling time (p less than 0.01) were associated with enhanced performance during the concentric phase. The average coupling time was 23 ms. The results are interpreted through changes in the prestretch conditions to modify the acto-myosin cross-bridge formation so that the storage and utilization of elastic energy is associated with high prestretch speed, high eccentric force and short coupling time. The role of the reflex potentiation is also suggested as additional enhancement of the final performance.
280 citations
TL;DR: Three different sampling units in current use and different sampling strategies were tested and it is not safe to choose an “effectively collecting area”, instead the whole width of the tape should be studied.
Abstract: Three different sampling units in current use and different sampling strategies were tested. Randomly placed microscope fields are good in estimating the daily mean concentration, but very big sample size is needed. Traverses across the slide in systematic order are best to estimate the shortterm concentrations and diurnal variation. A formula for the estimation of the error in one transverse traverse is given. Twelve transverse traverses in systematic order is also enough to estimate the daily mean concentration. One or two traverses along the length of the slide give often unreliable estimates because of the irregularities in the transverse variation of the particle concentrations on the slide. For the same reason it is not safe to choose an “effectively collecting area”. Instead the whole width of the tape should be studied.
176 citations
TL;DR: MT proved to demonstrate significant correlations to rate of isometric force development (RFD) and maximum force (P0) and per cent distribution of ST fibers (P less than 0.001); it is speculated that these relationships are determined by the pattern of the motor unit recruitment and by different characteristics of the slow and fast twitch muscle fibers to trigger the excitation-contraction coupling.
Abstract: Reaction time (TRT) with its premotor (PMT) and motor time (MT) components, patellar reflex time (TRfT) with its latency (LAT) and motor time (RfMT) were studied together with isometric force production and relaxation time variables in one leg isometric knee extension. These variables were intercorrelated together with muscle biopsy variables taken from m. vastus lateralis. From these computations MT proved to demonstrate significant correlations to rate of isometric force development (RFD) (P less than 0.001), maximum force (P0) (P less than 0.001) and per cent distribution of ST fibers (P less than 0.001). It is speculated that these relationships are determined by the pattern of the motor unit recruitment and by different characteristics of the slow and fast twitch muscle fibers to trigger the excitation-contraction coupling.
125 citations
TL;DR: The configurations and conformations of torreyol (6, δ-cadinol, 10α-hydroxy-4-muurolene), α-cadlinol (7, 10β-hydrox-4 -cadinene), T-muurelol (8; 10β -hydrox 4 -muurooline), and T-caddlinol as mentioned in this paper have been determined by an extensive PMR study using lanthanide-induced shifts.
81 citations
TL;DR: Effect of intermittent one leg isometric fatigue on maximal isometric force, force production, relaxation and blood lactate and ability to relax the muscle quickly was not observed to be dependent on muscle structure, suggesting that different fatigue mechanisms might be present in relaxation than in force production.
Abstract: Effects of intermittent one leg isometric fatigue on maximal isometric force, force production, relaxation and blood lactate were studied using 29 male students as subjects. The relative changes of variables during fatigue and recovery were intercorrelated together with muscle structure variables, which were determined using needle biopsy technique. Maximal force decreased, force production and relaxation became slower and muscle lactate increased during fatigue. Change of maximal force, force production and lactate during fatigue as well as recovery of maximal force and lactate after fatigue were correlated significantly to muscle fiber distribution. Fatiguability of the force-time characteristics was therefore influenced by the differences in the metabolic profiles of the individual muscle fibers. However, ability to relax the muscle quickly was not observed to be dependent on muscle structure. This suggest that different fatigue mechanisms might be present in relaxation than in force production.
69 citations
TL;DR: These trials indicate that CVRs of this design are as effective and have continuation rates equal to and possibly superior to Nordette under the same study conditions.
66 citations
TL;DR: The average diurnal variation of all non-arboreal pollen types found in sufficient quantities is presented and a high concentration of Artemisia pollen lasting 4–8 hours was found mainly in the morning, while the high occurrence period for Urtica pollen was during the midday and in the afternoon.
Abstract: This study was carried out in Jyvaskyla and Turku, in central and southern Finland, with Burkard spore traps. The average diurnal variation of all non-arboreal pollen types found in sufficient quantities is presented. A high concentration of Artemisia pollen lasting 4–8 hours was found mainly in the morning. The highest concentrations of Brassicaceae, Calluna, Cyperaceae and Rosaceae occurred during the daylight hours, often with no definite peaks. The peak occurrence of Chenopodiaceae, Compositae and Plantago pollen was around 12.00 and of Rumex from 06.00 to 10.00. The diurnal variation of Poaceae pollen varies considerably depending on the species flowering at the time. Peaks occurred mostly in the morning or in the afternoon. The high occurrence period for Urtica pollen was during the midday and in the afternoon.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Coulomb excitation cross section of the 0 2 + state is found to be sensitive to an interference term including matrix elements with the 2 2 + states, and the relative sign of this term has been determined.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the level structure of 128,130Xe has been studied in the (α, 2nγ) and (3He, 3nγ), reactions on enriched Te targets using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic methods.
TL;DR: The incidence of spontaneous complaints was similar among users of the 2 different-sized rings and of the pill, and side effects of Nordette, the oral contraceptive, were similar.
TL;DR: In this article, the rate of positron detrapping in thermal equilibrium from lattice defects has been calculated by relating it to the specific trapping rate, and the results for vacancies, dislocations and surfaces each show a different temperature dependence for the escape rate.
Abstract: The rate of positron detrapping in thermal equilibrium from lattice defects has been calculated by relating it to the specific trapping rate. The results for vacancies, dislocations and surfaces each show a different temperature dependence for the escape rate. For vacancies a measure of the importance of the detrapping can be obtained from the ratio of the vacancy formation energy to the positron binding energy in the defect. The positronium desorption rate from a surface is also calculated and agreement with experimental results is found.
TL;DR: In this paper, the magnetic plus Si(Li)-Si(Li) sum-coincidence technique is employed to measure the internal-pair-formation (IPF) branching ratios of excited 0+ states in 58,60,62Ni.
TL;DR: A new method based on helium-jet techniques permits primary recoil ions produced in radioactive decay or in nuclear reactions to be run directly through a mass separator as discussed by the authors, and the shortest achievable separation time is estimated to be of the order of one millisecond.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the increased acid proteolytic capacity is involved in subcellular regenerative processes of skeletal muscle fibres in NMRI-mice, and the smaller lysosomal response of older mice may indicate a reduced potential capacity for cellular repair.
Abstract: Male NMRI-mice, aged 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, were made to run for a period of 4 4 at a speed of 13.5 m/min on a motor-driven treadmill, 5 days after exertion, selected enzymatic estimates of acid and alkaline proteolytic as well as energy metabolic capacities were analyzed from the cardiac muscle and from the red and white parts of m. quadriceps femoris (MQF). The activities of alkaline and myofibrillar proteases increased most considerably in skeletal muscles with age. Cathepsin D and beta-glucuronidase activities were less affected in both muscles. Prolonged running increased the activities of cathepsin D, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I and beta-glucuronidase in the white and, especially in the red part of MQF. This stimulation of acid hydrolytic capacity was more prominent at the ages of 3 and 6 months than in the older animals. The estimates of alkaline proteolytic or energy metabolic capacities were not affected by prolonged running. In cardiac muscle, no significant changes were recorded in acid hydrolytic or energy metabolic capacity. Histological observation showed no necrosis or other pathological phenomena in the proximal part of m. rectus femoris after excretion. We suggest that the increased acid proteolytic capacity is involved in subcellular regenerative processes of skeletal muscle fibres. The smaller lysosomal response of older mice may indicate a reduced potential capacity for cellular repair.
TL;DR: In this article, a triaxial-rotor model calculation has been performed to interpret the negative-parity level system, unlike the heavier odd-A Xe nuclei. But this model is not suitable for the core-quasiparticle model with a vibrational core.
01 Jun 1981
TL;DR: The high spin level structure of the three-neutron nucleus149Gd has been investigated by in-beamγ-ray and electron spectroscopy with (α, xn) reactions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The high spin level structure of the three-neutron nucleus149Gd has been investigated by in-beamγ-ray and electron spectroscopy with (α, xn) reactions. The observed levels are characterized as members of the shell model multipletsνf
7
2/3
,νh
9/2
f
7
2/2
,νf
7
2/3
×3−,νh
9/2
f
7
2/2
×3−, and tentativelyνf
7
2/3
×(3−)2. The energies of theν
f
7
2/3
states agree only moderately with those calculated using empirical two-nucleon interactions taken from148Gd, which indicates the importance of long range contributions already atN=85.
TL;DR: Evidence from menstrual diaries indicates that these CVRs, and in particular 58-mm ring, provide control over the menstrual cycle comparable to the Nordette.
TL;DR: In this paper, sediment, sediment trap, Mytilus, Macoma and flounder samples from Northern Baltic (Finnish archipelago) have been analyzed for their contents of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
TL;DR: Pikes were sampled in May 1980 from three areas of the Lake Paijanne, Finland and analyzed for their contents of total mercury, methyl mercury, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), DDE, PCB and chlorophenolic residues.
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonconforming mixed finite element method is presented for approximation of?w with Δw=f,w| r = 0. Convergence of the order $$\left\| {
abla w - u_h } \right\|_{0,\Omega } = \mathcal{O}(h^2 )$$ is proved, when linear finite elements are used.
Abstract: A nonconforming mixed finite element method is presented for approximation of ?w with Δw=f,w| r =0. Convergence of the order $$\left\| {
abla w - u_h } \right\|_{0,\Omega } = \mathcal{O}(h^2 )$$ is proved, when linear finite elements are used. Only the standard regularity assumption on triangulations is needed.
TL;DR: In this paper a finite element approximation scheme for the system curl is considered and the use of pointwise approximation of the boundary condition leads to a nonconforming method.
Abstract: In this paper a finite element approximation scheme for the system curl is considered. The use of pointwise approximation of the boundary condition leads to a nonconforming method. The error estimate is proved and numerically tested.
TL;DR: Differences between species were highly significant but the annual and regional differences were mostly insignificant and the chlorinated hydrocarbons correlated positively with each other and with fat contents but insignificantly with mercury contents.
TL;DR: In this article, the β + decay of a new nuclide 59 Zn has been identified by β-delayed proton and γ-ray emission, and β-transition strength function was obtained.