Showing papers by "University of Jyväskylä published in 2022"
TL;DR: A generalized definition of discriminant validity based on the correlation between two measures after measurement error has been considered is provided and some problems and equivalencies of these techniques that have gone unnoticed by prior research are demonstrated.
Abstract: Discriminant validity was originally presented as a set of empirical criteria that can be assessed from multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrices. Because datasets used by applied researchers rarely l...
213 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reveal the mechanism, thermodynamics and kinetics determining the HER/NRR efficiency on the state-of-the-art NRR electrocatalyst, Ru-N4, using grand canonical ensemble density functional theory (GCE-DFT).
Abstract: Electrochemical N2 reduction (NRR) to ammonia is seriously limited by the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but atomic-scale factors controlling HER/NRR competition are unknown. Herein we unveil the mechanism, thermodynamics, and kinetics determining the HER/NRR efficiency on the state-of-the-art NRR electrocatalyst, Ru-N4, using grand canonical ensemble density functional theory (GCE-DFT). We show that NRR/HER intermediates coadsorb on the catalyst where NRR intermediates suppress HER and selectivity is determined by the initial step forming *NNH or *H. Our results provide crucial insight into the complex NRR/HER competition, show the necessity of using GCE-DFT calculations, and suggest ways to improve NRR selectivity.
56 citations
CERN1, University of Edinburgh2, University of Alcalá3, University of Nantes4, Lancaster University5, University of Mainz6, Université Paris-Saclay7, University College Dublin8, University of Manchester9, University of Paris10, Creighton University11, Temple University12, University of Lyon13, University of Cagliari14, Los Alamos National Laboratory15, University of Santiago de Compostela16, University of Jyväskylä17, University of Liverpool18, University of Florence19, University of Hamburg20, Chinese Academy of Sciences21, École Polytechnique22, Duke University23, University of Milan24, Samara National Research University25, University of Perugia26, University of Groningen27, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research28, Kennesaw State University29, Massachusetts Institute of Technology30, Peking University31
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the prospects for quarkonium-production studies in proton and nuclear collisions accessible during the upcoming phases of the CERN Large Hadron Collider operation after 2021, including the ultimate high-luminosity phase, with increased luminosities compared to LHC runs 1 and 2.
33 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between teachers' self-efficacy and attitudes toward inclusive education of K-12 students with special educational needs and identified potential moderators (publication, sample, and research procedure characteristics).
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors showed that a transversely polarized heavy vector meson can be produced at next-to-leading order accuracy in the Color Glass Condensate framework.
Abstract: A bstract Exclusive production of transversely polarized heavy vector mesons in deep inelastic scattering at high energy is calculated at next-to-leading order accuracy in the Color Glass Condensate framework. In addition to the first QCD correction proportional to the strong coupling constant α s , we systematically also include the first relativistic correction proportional to the heavy quark velocity squared v 2 . When combined with our previously published results for longitudinal vector meson production at next-to-leading order accuracy, these results make phenomenological calculations of heavy vector meson production possible at the order $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O ( α s v 0 , $$ {\alpha}_{\mathrm{s}}^0 $$ α s 0 v 2 ). When applied to J /ψ and Υ production at HERA and at the LHC, a good agreement between the next-to-leading order calculations and experimental data is found. Additionally, we demonstrate that vector meson production can provide additional constraints compared to structure function analyses when the nonperturbative initial condition for the Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equation is extracted.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied inverse problems for semilinear elliptic equations with fractional power type nonlinearities, where the solution for a corresponding linear equation is not known.
10 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed an end-to-end framework with a deep neural network, namely SingleChannelNet, for automatic sleep stage classification based on raw single-channel EEG, which employs two multi-convolution (MC) blocks and several max-average pooling (M-Apooling) layers to learn different scales of feature representations.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on the spatial patterns of the new firm births in China and found that agglomeration economies and HSR access each play an important role in determining the spatial pattern of the birth of new firms.
Abstract: This study examined the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on the spatial patterns of the new firm births in China. Through a set of difference-in-differences regressions, we found that agglomeration economies and HSR access each play an important role in determining the spatial pattern of the birth of new firms. Overall, the number of new firms declined significantly in counties with HSR access. However, the average effect masks significant heterogeneity with respect to industry type and geographic location. More firms in the service sector cluster in urban districts due to HSR, while firms in the primary and manufacturing sectors move out to locations without HSR access. Among four Chinese regions, central China attracts the most firms, while the underdeveloped western and northeastern regions are less successful. These results suggest that the development of an HSR network increases regional inequality. We show that people find districts with HSR attractive, which boosts the demand within the service sector. However, population concentration can raise land cost, as the primary and manufacturing sectors are crowded out to other, less expensive locations. This study demonstrates that a grasp of firm movement patterns is critical to understanding how HSR reshapes the spatial distribution of economic activities.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extended the home literacy environment (HLE) model by including repeated assessments of shared reading, oral language, and reading comprehension development, including examination of familial risk for dyslexia as a moderator, and following development over time from ages 2 to 15.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the utility of one-pot multicomponent based cycloaddition reaction transformation to prepare a new two hybrids of spirooxindoles engrafted with pyrazole skeleton was reported.
8 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined immigrants' perceptions of how Finns tend to perceive them based on their lived experiences and found that overall, immigrants believe they are perceived more as a threat than a benefit to the Finnish society.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors studied the regularity and topological properties of volume constrained minimizers of quasi-perimeters in RCD spaces where the reference measure is the Hausdorff measure.
Abstract: In this paper we study regularity and topological properties of volume constrained minimizers of quasi-perimeters in $\sf RCD$ spaces where the reference measure is the Hausdorff measure. A quasi-perimeter is a functional given by the sum of the usual perimeter and of a suitable continuous term. In particular, isoperimetric sets are a particular case of our study. We prove that on an ${\sf RCD}(K,N)$ space $({\rm X},{\sf d},\mathcal{H}^N)$, with $K\in\mathbb R$, $N\geq 2$, and a uniform bound from below on the volume of unit balls, volume constrained minimizers of quasi-perimeters are open bounded sets with $(N-1)$-Ahlfors regular topological boundary coinciding with the essential boundary. The proof is based on a new Deformation Lemma for sets of finite perimeter in ${\sf RCD}(K,N)$ spaces $({\rm X},{\sf d},\mathfrak m)$ and on the study of interior and exterior points of volume constrained minimizers of quasi-perimeters. The theory applies to volume constrained minimizers in smooth Riemannian manifolds, possibly with boundary, providing a general regularity result for such minimizers in the smooth setting.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors report a systematic mapping study regarding the AGI-related papers (published during the five-year period) to find out whether AGI is giving up its positions within AI as an attractive tool to address the industry needs.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors compared two local explanation techniques (integrated gradients and local model-agnostic explanations) for image data on top of a well-performing (80% accuracy) deep learning algorithm trained on the HAM10000 dataset, a large public collection of dermatoscopic images.
Abstract: Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent of all cancers. Because of its being widespread and externally observable, there is a potential that machine learning models integrated into artificial intelligence systems will allow self-screening and automatic analysis in the future. Especially, the recent success of various deep machine learning models shows promise that, in the future, patients could self-analyse their external signs of skin cancer by uploading pictures of these signs to an artificial intelligence system, which runs such a deep learning model and returns the classification results. However, both patients and dermatologists, who might use such a system to aid their work, need to know why the system has made a particular decision. Recently, several explanation techniques for the deep learning algorithm’s decision-making process have been introduced. This study compares two popular local explanation techniques (integrated gradients and local model-agnostic explanations) for image data on top of a well-performing (80% accuracy) deep learning algorithm trained on the HAM10000 dataset, a large public collection of dermatoscopic images. Our results show that both methods have full local fidelity. However, the integrated gradients explanations perform better with regard to quantitative evaluation metrics (stability and robustness), while the model-agnostic method seem to provide more intuitive explanations. We conclude that there is still a long way before such automatic systems can be used reliably in practice.
TL;DR: In this article, two types of latent damage were experimentally observed in commercial silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs exposed to heavy ion, one is observed at bias voltages just below the degradation onset and it involves the gate oxide, while the other damage type is observed below the Single Event Burnout (SEB) limit, and it is attributed to alterations of the SiC crystal-lattice.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified and characterized bacterial and fungal communities, including potential H2S producers and consumers, using qPCR and high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene.
TL;DR: The simultaneous diagonalization of two or more scatter matrices goes beyond principal component analysis (PCA) and is used more and more often in multivariate data analysis methods as discussed by the authors .
TL;DR: In this paper , high-precision atomic calculations of the hyperfine fields of these states and second-order corrections are performed, and are used to extract $C 5/2}=-0.06(6)$ kHz and $C 3/2
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined what kinds of pedagogical practices predict perceived learning of university students' social skills in classes where these skills are not set as learning outcomes, and found that collaborative and active forms of learning are highly significant in the learning of social skills.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the relationships of satisfaction with life, posttraumatic growth, resilience and coping strategies in a global network model, and test for the invariance of the network structures across several moderating variables.
Abstract: Objective Cancer survivors' satisfaction with life should be seen through the psychological factors related to a person's capabilities to face and handle the situation. This study aimed to (1) examine the relationships of satisfaction with life, posttraumatic growth, resilience and coping strategies in a global network model, (2) find the bridge indicators between satisfaction with life and the other constructs, and (3) test for the invariance of the network structures across several moderating variables. Methods In a heterogeneous sample of 696 cancer survivors (69% female; mean age = 53.1 ± 15.44 years; median time from being diagnosed = 4 years; breast cancer was the most frequent type of cancer) their satisfaction with life, resilience, coping strategies and posttraumatic growth was measured. In order to account for their complexity, the relationships between the constructs were explored using a network analysis approach. Results The network analysis shows that satisfaction with life is strongly connected to resilience, moderately connected to coping strategies, and has a weak connection with posttraumatic growth. In the separate networks, the relationships between the psychological constructs were examined in greater detail. Besides some exceptions observed in the degree of disability, the networks were invariant across gender, age, years since being diagnosed, cancer type and treatment type. Conclusion The findings suggest that interventions focused on cancer survivors' coping strategies and resilience could help increase their satisfaction with life. However, further replication of the proposed and/or modified model is needed.
TL;DR: In this paper , a co-evolved bacterial fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare and its virulent phage V156 in presence and absence of a eukaryotic host signal (mucin) for sixteen weeks.
Abstract: Abstract Parasitism by bacteriophages has led to the evolution of a variety of defense mechanisms in their host bacteria. However, it is unclear what factors lead to specific defenses being deployed upon phage infection. To explore this question, we co-evolved the bacterial fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare and its virulent phage V156 in presence and absence of a eukaryotic host signal (mucin) for sixteen weeks. The presence of mucin leads to a dramatic increase in CRISPR spacer acquisition, especially in low nutrient conditions where over 60% of colonies obtain at least one new spacer. Additionally, we show that the presence of a competitor bacterium further increases CRISPR spacer acquisition in F. columnare . These results suggest that ecological factors are important in determining defense strategies against phages, and that the phage-bacterium interactions on mucosal surfaces may select for the diversification of bacterial immune systems.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined what kinds of pedagogical practices predict perceived learning of university students' social skills in classes where these skills are not set as learning outcomes, and found that collaborative and active forms of learning are highly significant in the learning of social skills.
TL;DR: In this paper , the Ca2+ channel subunit Cav2.3 was identified as a Kv4.2-interacting protein in a proteomic screen and confirmed its involvement in CA1 pyramidal neuron dendrites of the hippocampus.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the associations between long-term LTPA and indicators of health and wellbeing, including physical fitness, reduced body fat, reduced visceral fat, and reduced liver fat, increased lumen diameters of conduit arteries to the lower limbs, increased bone mineral density in loaded bone areas, and an increased number of large high-density lipoprotein particles.
Abstract: Genetic and early environmental differences including early health habits associate with future health. To provide insight on the causal nature of these associations, monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for health habits provide an interesting natural experiment. Twin pairs discordant for leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in early adult life is thus a powerful study design to investigate the associations between long-term LTPA and indicators of health and wellbeing. We have identified 17 LTPA discordant twin pairs from two Finnish twin cohorts and summarize key findings of these studies in this paper. The carefully characterized rare long-term LTPA discordant MZ twin pairs have participated in multi-dimensional clinical examinations. Key findings highlight that compared with less active twins in such MZ twin pairs, the twins with higher long-term LTPA have higher physical fitness, reduced body fat, reduced visceral fat, reduced liver fat, increased lumen diameters of conduit arteries to the lower limbs, increased bone mineral density in loaded bone areas, and an increased number of large high-density lipoprotein particles. The findings increase our understanding on the possible site-specific and system-level effects of long-term LTPA.
TL;DR: In this paper , a 3D printed metal scavenger-based method for preconcentration and speciation of methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (iHg), in natural water samples at the ng L-1 level was developed.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focus on two problems with Alexander Wendt's unification of physical and social ontology on the basis of quantum theory, and propose to supplement quantum ontology with ethics in the Levinasian sense of "otherwise than being".
Abstract: Abstract The paper focuses on two problems with Alexander Wendt's unification of physical and social ontology on the basis of quantum theory. Firstly, by endowing social phenomena with an ontological foundation in physical reality defined in quantum terms Wendt risks reducing a plurality of worlds as ‘fields of sense’, ordered by their immanent rules, to the physical world ordered by the laws of quantum theory. Secondly, by defining his quantum social science as an ontology Wendt risks excluding from consideration all that which violates ontological laws, yet may still be said to exist or take place: event, potentiality, and alterity. Although the advantages of a scientific ontology are indisputable, the price we pay for it is a sense of ontological captivity, whereby everything that is definitely is so, being and non-being rigorously distinguished and separated with nothing between them. This captivity may be escaped by supplementing quantum ontology with ethics in the Levinasian sense of ‘otherwise than being’.
TL;DR: This article explored teachers' professional vision by examining how teachers experiencing low, moderate and high work-related stress reason their eye-tracking recordings in terms of description, explanation and prediction, finding that teachers with moderate stress used self-reflection most frequently, whereas teachers with high stress utilised it the least.
TL;DR: In this paper , the ground-state-to-ground-state β−decay 131I (7/2+) → 131Xe (3/2+ ) was determined with high precision utilizing the double Penning trap mass spectrometer JYFLTRAP at the IGISOL facility.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors quantified the reproducibility of the Rolandic beta rhythm modulation in healthy subjects in a 1-year-longitudinal study both for MEG and EEG at T 0, 1 month (T 1-month, n = 8) and 1 year (T1-year, n= 19).
Abstract: The Rolandic beta rhythm, at ∼20 Hz, is generated in the somatosensory and motor cortices and is modulated by motor activity and sensory stimuli, causing a short lasting suppression that is followed by a rebound of the beta rhythm. The rebound reflects inhibitory changes in the primary sensorimotor (SMI) cortex, and thus it has been used as a biomarker to follow the recovery of patients with acute stroke. The longitudinal stability of beta rhythm modulation is a prerequisite for its use in long-term follow-ups. We quantified the reproducibility of beta rhythm modulation in healthy subjects in a 1-year-longitudinal study both for MEG and EEG at T0, 1 month (T1-month, n = 8) and 1 year (T1-year, n = 19). The beta rhythm (13-25 Hz) was modulated by fixed tactile and proprioceptive stimulations of the index fingers. The relative peak strengths of beta suppression and rebound did not differ significantly between the sessions, and intersession reproducibility was good or excellent according to intraclass correlation-coefficient values (0.70-0.96) both in MEG and EEG. Our results indicate that the beta rhythm modulation to tactile and proprioceptive stimulation is well reproducible within 1 year. These results support the use of beta modulation as a biomarker in long-term follow-up studies, e.g., to quantify the functional state of the SMI cortex during rehabilitation and drug interventions in various neurological impairments.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates that beta rhythm modulation is highly reproducible in a group of healthy subjects within a year. Hence, it can be reliably used as a biomarker in longitudinal follow-up studies in different neurological patient groups to reflect changes in the functional state of the sensorimotor cortex.
TL;DR: A review of the state-of-the-art of qualitative foresight in the context of forest-based sector is presented in this paper, where the authors identify drivers and trends, management of change and visioning.