University of Jyväskylä

About: University of Jyväskylä is a education organization based out in Jyvaskyla, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 8066 authors who have published 25168 publications receiving 725033 citations. The organization is also known as: Jyväskylän yliopisto & Kasvatusopillinen korkeakoulu.

Auditory Event-Related Potentials in the Study of Developmental Language-Related Disorders

Abstract: This article reviews recent auditory event-related potential (ERP) studies of developmental language disorder (DLD) and dyslexia/reading disorder (RD). The possibility of using ERPs in searching for precursors of these disorders in the early development of infants at risk is also discussed. Differences in exogenous/sensory ERPs at the latency range of P1 and N1-P2 components have been reported between groups with DLD and RD and control groups. Latency differences between the groups may be related to a common timing deficit suggested by some researchers to be one of the possible underlying factors both in DLD and dyslexia. N1 amplitude group differences may be partly related to arousal/attentional factors and partly to the 'tuning' of the auditory sensory system. Mismatch negativity deviations in DLD children seem to indicate differences in sensory memory functions. Differences between the reviewed clinical groups and controls exist also in the endogenous P3 component, though less consistently in DLD children. In both clinical groups the P3 amplitudes are, in general, lower and the latencies longer compared to those in controls. These findings are discussed in terms of possible differences in higher cognitive functions that are not specific to modality. Altered hemispheric asymmetries in DLD and RD children, as compared to controls, are commonly found in many of the reviewed ERP components. Differences in ERPs of DLD and dyslexic children in comparison to controls may not reflect only maturational lag but also more fundamental processing deficiencies.

Screening boreal energy crops and crop residues for methane biofuel production

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to screen potential boreal energy crops and crop residues for their suitability in methane production and to investigate the effect of harvest time on the methane production potential of different crops. The specific methane yields of crops, determined in 100–200 d methane potential assays, varied from 0.17 to 0.49 m 3 CH 4 kg −1 VS added (volatile solids added) and from 25 to 260 m 3 CH 4 t ww −1 (tonnes of wet weight). Jerusalem artichoke, timothy-clover grass and reed canary grass gave the highest potential methane yields of 2900–5400 m 3 CH 4 ha −1 , corresponding to a gross energy yield of 28–53 MWh ha −1 and ca. 40,000–60,000 km ha −1 in passenger car transport. The effect of harvest time on specific methane yields per VS of crops varied a lot, whereas the specific methane yields per t ww increased with most crops as the crops matured.

Four Times of Politics: Policy, Polity, Politicking, and Politicization

Abstract: There is just one noun corresponding to the adjective political in French, German, Swedish, Finnish and so on, while the English language has three: policy, polity, and politics. Here, I shall take the tripartite division of the English polit-vocabulary as a point of departure for rethinking politics in a "de-centering" mode. The English vocabulary provides us with a glimpse into the linguistic possibilities for the formation of different perspectives from which to conceptualize politics. I have modified the tripartite division by taking into account two linguistic novelties, politicking and politicization.1 My intention is to take each of these nouns as an allusion to four aspects of conceptualizing politics. In addition, two different concepts of politics - namely, politics-as-sphere and politics-as-activity, have been commonly used since the nineteenth century, the first indicating a spatial and the second a temporal mode of conceptualizing. Here, I am exclusively interested in the concept of politics-as-activity, and, consequently, I will search for the temporal opportunities present in the four polit-nouns. In this conceptual horizon, policy refers to the regulating aspect of politics, politicking alludes to a performative aspect, polity implies a metaphorical space with specific possibilities and limits, while politicization marks an opening of something as political, as "playable." Policy-politicking and polity-politicization form two conceptual pairs. In the sphere-concept, the core of politics is occupied by the borders and regulations of the polity-policy space, whereas in the activity-concept politics is constituted by the "verbal" figures of politicization and politicking.