Showing papers by "University of Kansas published in 1982"
TL;DR: A model for the radar imaging process is derived and a method for smoothing noisy radar images is presented and it is shown that the filter can be easily implemented in the spatial domain and is computationally efficient.
Abstract: Standard image processing techniques which are used to enhance noncoherent optically produced images are not applicable to radar images due to the coherent nature of the radar imaging process. A model for the radar imaging process is derived in this paper and a method for smoothing noisy radar images is also presented. The imaging model shows that the radar image is corrupted by multiplicative noise. The model leads to the functional form of an optimum (minimum MSE) filter for smoothing radar images. By using locally estimated parameter values the filter is made adaptive so that it provides minimum MSE estimates inside homogeneous areas of an image while preserving the edge structure. It is shown that the filter can be easily implemented in the spatial domain and is computationally efficient. The performance of the adaptive filter is compared (qualitatively and quantitatively) with several standard filters using real and simulated radar images.
1,906 citations
01 Dec 1982
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the differences between the two paradigms and suggest criteria for ensuring the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiry, and propose that naturalistic Inquiry better serves the social/ behavioral sciences.
Abstract: How suitable is the rationalistic paradigm for research focusing on human behavior? Proposing that naturalistic inquiry better serves the social/ behavioral sciences, the authors define the differences between the two paradigms and suggest criteria for ensuring the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiry.
1,307 citations
651 citations
TL;DR: The finding of HTLV antibodies in some of the normal population in the Caribbean and Japan, and the clustering of a specific form of T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in these virus‐endemic areas, suggest that HTLV infection may be associated with the occurrence of a distinctive clinico‐pathologic entity.
Abstract: Type-C RNA tumor viruses have been implicated in the etiology of naturally occurring leukemias and lymphomas of animals. Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) is the first human virus of this class consistently identified in association with a specific type of human leukemia/lymphoma. The isolation of HTLV was made possible by the ability to grow mature T-cells in tissue culture usually with T-cell growth factor (TCGF). We now report a cluster of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma among Blacks from the Caribbean in which all eight cases are positive for HTLV virus and/or antibody. These patients have disease that appears indistinguishable from Japanese adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma which, as we have also reported, is associated with HTLV in over 90% of cases. The finding of HTLV antibodies in some of the normal population in the Caribbean and Japan, and the clustering of a specific form of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in these virus-endemic areas, suggest that HTLV infection may be associated with the occurrence of a distinctive clinico-pathologic entity.
546 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model-based procedure to decompose a time series uniquely into mutually independent additive seasonal, trend, and irregular noise components is proposed, where the series is assumed to follow the Gaussian ARIMA model.
Abstract: This article proposes a model-based procedure to decompose a time series uniquely into mutually independent additive seasonal, trend, and irregular noise components. The series is assumed to follow the Gaussian ARIMA model. Properties of the procedure are discussed and an actual example is given.
434 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors develop a framework to explicate strategic decision making from a political perspective, with particular reference to the evolution of coalitions around issues, and the content of a strategic decision is posited as emerging from internal dynamics.
Abstract: The business policy literature traditionally has emphasized the rational and normative aspects of strategy formulation in organizations. This paper develops a framework to explicate strategic decision making from a political perspective, with particular reference to the evolution of coalitions around issues. The content of a strategic decision is posited as emerging from internal dynamics. The utility of the framework is demonstrated by its comparison with the rational model of strategic decision making.
268 citations
TL;DR: Results do not suggest that Cd is cardiotoxic after acute exposure, but rather that the liver is a major target organ for acute Cd toxicity.
248 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed models both expressing this relationship and providing the basis of inversion of NRCS to SASS winds, from initially aircraft scatterometer measurement-based forms to three Seasat field-validation experiments which furnish model nRCS versus surface windspeed data for comparison with SASS data.
Abstract: The Seasat-A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) ocean normalized radar cross section (NRCS) dependence on the 19.5-m neutral stability wind vector may be specified as a function of radar incidence angle, the angle between wind direction and radar azimuth, and the neutral stability wind speed expressed in m/sec at a height of 19.5 m. An account is given of the development of models both expressing this relationship and providing the basis of inversion of NRCS to SASS winds, from initially aircraft scatterometer measurement-based forms to three Seasat field-validation experiments which furnish model NRCS versus surface windspeed data for comparison with SASS data.
214 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a semi-empirical sea-spectrum model was used in a two-scale radar sea scatter model to obtain estimates of radar backscatter over the frequency bands L to Ku, the incidence angular range 20-deg-65\deg, the azimuth angular range 0\deg-180\deg from the wind direction and wind speed range 3.5-30 m/s at 19.5 m above the mean sea level.
Abstract: A semi-empirical sea-spectrum model is proposed to be used in a two-scale radar sea scatter model to obtain estimates of radar backscatter over the frequency bands L to Ku , the incidence angular range 20\deg-65\deg , the azimuth angular range 0\deg-180\deg from the wind direction and wind speed range 3.5-30 m/s at 19.5 m above the mean sea level. It is shown that the theoretical estimates obtained are consistent with the existing measurements.
202 citations
TL;DR: This paper reviews recent developments in plant population genetics and evolution and discusses levels of genetic variation within and among populations, gene flow, mating systems, selection and adaptation, and the genetic structure of natural populations.
Abstract: This paper reviews recent developments in plant population genetics and evolution Topics discussed include: 1) levels of genetic variation within and among populations; 2) gene flow; 3) mating systems; 4) selection and adaptation; and 5) the genetic structure of natural populations The current status of each topic is briefly reviewed and suggestions are made of areas where additional research is needed RESEARCH CONCERNED with the genetics and evolution of plant populations has increased dramatically in recent years While the reasons for this activity are somewhat obscure, two
201 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: Gender reevaluation is the process whereby men and women assess, maintain, and redefine their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors about their masculine, feminine, and androgynous roles.
Abstract: Gender-role conflict and strain are part of contemporary society’s gender reevaluation. This gender reevaluation includes a critical assessment of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny as norms for optimal functioning in a rapidly changing society. Gender-role reevaluation is the process whereby men and women assess, maintain, and redefine their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors about their masculine, feminine, and androgynous roles. Gender-role reevaluation is also part of society’s concern with how the sexes interact and relate to each other. Currently, the sexes are asking questions about their gender-role definitions and how they have been emotionally affected or restricted by their socialization and sexism in their lives. From these gender reevaluations, many individuals are discovering gender-role conflicts and strains that emanate from early gender-role socialization and societal expectations related to the appropriateness of masculine and feminine roles. The reevaluation of gender roles is difficult for many to integrate into their emotional, career, and interpersonal lives and there is much struggle to incorporate new gender-role definitions without strain and conflict.
TL;DR: The more frequent recognition of endocrine tumors of the pancreas within the past decade can be largely attributed to better characterization of the associated clinical syndromes, coupled with improved diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
Abstract: THE more frequent recognition of endocrine tumors of the pancreas within the past decade can be largely attributed to better characterization of the associated clinical syndromes, coupled with impr...
TL;DR: In this article, two algorithms for marginal maximum likelihood estimation for the one-parameter logistic model were described, and the more efficient of the two algorithms was extended to estimation for linear logistic models.
Abstract: Two algorithms are described for marginal maximum likelihood estimation for the one-parameter logistic model. The more efficient of the two algorithms is extended to estimation for the linear logistic model. Numerical examples of both procedures are presented.
TL;DR: A literature review shows little published evidence to suggest lifestyle trait researchers have rigorously tested the validity of their concepts and measures as discussed by the authors, and the authors conclude that "little published evidence has been found to suggest that these concepts have been rigorously validated."
Abstract: How valid are lifestyle trait concepts and measures? A literature review shows little published evidence to suggest lifestyle trait researchers have rigorously tested the validity of their concepts...
TL;DR: The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to demonstrate the coexistence of somatostatin together with avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity within certain neurons of the rat forebrain, and it was determined that in many neurons in these areas these two peptides coexisted.
TL;DR: In this article, an experiment was conducted to provide empirical support for the notion that asymmetrical causal attributions for favorable and unfavorable outcomes result from a self-serving attributional bias that occurs independently of self-presentational concerns.
TL;DR: Although tonic extensor spasm was the most common convulsive movement, other complex convulsive phenomena occurred, some simulating epileptic seizure, no statistical difference in changes of pulse or blood pressure was found between subjects with convulsive versus nonconvulsive syncope.
Abstract: Syncope with and without convulsion was studied in unselected blood donors in a community blood center. Convulsive syncope occurred in 0.03% of all blood donors and was more commonly observed when nursing personnel were alerted to its possible occurrence. It was more common in men. Although tonic extensor spasm was the most common convwithout convulsion was studied in unselected blood donors in a community blood center. Convulsive syncope occurred in 0.03% of all blood donors and was more commonly observed when nursing personnel were alerted to its possible occurrence. It was more common in men. Although tonic extensor spasm was the most common convwithout convulsion was studied in unselected blood donors in a community blood center. Convulsive syncope occurred in 0.03% of all blood donors and was more commonly observed when nursing personnel were alerted to its possible occurrence. It was more common in men. Although tonic extensor spasm was the most common convulsive movement, other complex convulsive phenomena occurred, some simulating epileptic seizure. No statistical difference in changes of pulse or blood pressure was found between subjects with convulsive versus nonconvulsive syncope. Similarly, no difference was found between subjects with tonic spasm and those with other convulsive phenomena, nor between those with "early" and those with "delayed" reactions. Marked individual variation may exist in the susceptibility of the central nervous system to ischemia. Some individuals appear to be predisposed to development of seizures in situations of global cerebral ischemia such as occur in hypotension and bradycardia.
TL;DR: It is argued that Russell's Theory of Logical Types, which formed the basis of the early work of the Palo Alto group, rests upon an inappropriate and largely outdated epistemology.
Abstract: This article presents a new theory of reflexivity in systems of social meaning and action. It is argued that Russell's Theory of Logical Types, which formed the basis of the early work of the Palo Alto group, rests upon an inappropriate and largely outdated epistemology. The theory offered here rejects the assumption that reflexivity and paradox are coterminous. It is further argued that reflexivity is a natural and necessary feature of human systems of meaning. New analytic tools are offered for discerning problematic from nonproblematic reflexive loops. The new tools take the form of a symbol that can be used to represent the rules that organize reflexive relationships. The theory also contains a set of statements designed to delimit conditions under which problematic reflexive loops have ramifications for persons' mental health.
TL;DR: The consumer ratings provided by the youths and their school teachers were found to be inversely and significantly correlated with the reduction of criminal offenses during treatment, which showed difference during treatment favoring the Teaching-Family programs on rate of alleged criminal offenses, percentage of youths involved in those offenses, and consumer ratings of the programs.
Abstract: Juvenile crime is a serious problem for which treatment approach has been found to be reliably effective. This outcome evaluation assessed during and posttreatment effectiveness of Teaching-Family group home treatment programs for juvenile offenders. The evaluation included the original Achievement Place program, which was the prototype for the development of the Teaching-Family treatment approach, 12 replications of Achievement Place, and 9 comparison group home programs. Primary dependent measures were retrieved from court and police files and included number of alleged offenses, percentage of youths involved in those alleged offenses, and percentage of youths institutionalized. Other dependent measures were subjective ratings of effectiveness obtained from the program consumers, including the group home residents. The results showed difference during treatment favoring the Teaching-Family programs on rate of alleged criminal offenses, percentage of youths involved in those offenses, and consumer ratings of the programs. The consumer ratings provided by the youths and their school teachers were found to be inversely and significantly correlated with the reduction of criminal offenses during treatment. There were no significant differences during treatment on measures of noncriminal offenses (e.g., truancy, runaway, and curfew violations). In the posttreatment year, none of the differences between the groups was significant on any of the outcome measures. The results are discussed in terms of measurement and design issues in the evaluation of delinquency treatment programs and in relation to the evaluation; of Teaching-Family group homes by Richard Jones and his colleagues.
TL;DR: In this paper, the mathematics required to calculate the asymptotic standard errors of the parameters of three commonly used logistic item response models is described and used to generate values for some common situations.
Abstract: The mathematics required to calculate the asymptotic standard errors of the parameters of three commonly used logistic item response models is described and used to generate values for some common situations. It is shown that the maximum likelihood estimation of a lower asymptote can wreak havoc with the accuracy of estimation of a location parameter, indicating that if one needs to have accurate estimates of location parameters (say for purposes of test linking/equating or computerized adaptive testing) the sample sizes required for acceptable accuracy may be unattainable in most applications. It is suggested that other estimation methods be used if the three parameter model is applied in these situations.
TL;DR: The results suggest that amphetamine may release [3H]DA by two mechanisms: (1) by accelerated exchange diffusion due to its use of the DA uptake carrier to enter into neurons (this would predominate at low concentrations of amphetamine), and (2) by passive entrance into neurons and displacement of [3h]DA from binding sites ( this would predomeinate at high concentrations of Amphetamine.
TL;DR: The study provides new data on a number of rat brain regions; the most significant finding is that there are very marked gradients of ascorbate concentrations throughout the various nuclei.
TL;DR: The authors examined performance, potential, aptitude, and career advancement differences between employees who voluntarily resigned from a natonal oil company and those continuing in the same organization, and found that those who resigned performed better than those who continued in the organization.
Abstract: The study examined performance, potential, aptitude, and career advancement differences between employees who voluntarily resigned from a natonal oil company and those continuing in the organizatio...
TL;DR: The results suggest that release of [3H]DA by sympathomimetic amines may be a carrier-mediated process, and the rate-limiting step in ouabain-induced release may involve inactivation of an enzyme such as Na+K+-ATPase which is coupled to the transport of sodium.
TL;DR: This paper examined the hybrid genre created by ascendant vice presidents in response to the deaths of presidents, and identified the existence of pieces of rhetoric that blend the elements of different genres into compatible wholes.
Abstract: Historians and critics have recognized the existence of pieces of rhetoric that blend the elements of different genres into compatible wholes. This essay examines the hybrid genre created by ascendant vice presidents in response to the deaths of presidents.
TL;DR: Immunohistochemical evidence is presented that in the human cerebral cortex also, some neurones contain both somatostatin- and APP-like immunoreactivities.
Abstract: The growth hormone release-inhibiting factor somatostatin was originally isolated and characterized from hypothalamic extracts1. Avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) was first isolated from chicken pancreas2. Using antibodies raised against these peptides, both somatostatin-like3–5 and APP-like6,7 immunoreactivities have been found in many regions of the nervous system, and the peptides have been shown to coexist with catecholamines or other neuropeptides in certain neuronal systems8–11. In particular, we have recently reported that some neurones in the rat telencephalon contain both somatostatin- and APP-like immunoreactivities12. We present here immunohistochemical evidence that in the human cerebral cortex also, some neurones contain both immunoreactivities.
TL;DR: A new type of enzyme electrode has been developed for in vivo electrochemical measurements which allows discrimination between ascorbic acid and catecholamines and their metabolites and has been tested in brain slice measurements and shown to respond to releases of catechlamines initiated by potassium ion stimulation.
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: This review should provide a thorough background for those wishing to utilize the electrochemical methods and critically assess the limitations and shortcomings.
Abstract: At least five or six chapters in earlier volumes of this series have dealt directly or indirectly (in methodology sections) with measurements of the monoamines. To contribute yet another treatment of this subject perhaps needs some justification. Although only about seven years old, the in vitro electroanalytical techniques now represent state-of-the-art assays for brain catecholamines, their metabolites, and related species. Many aspects of the in vivo electrochemistry require refinement, but the method has generated much interest because of its ability to monitor chemical changes in the CNS of behaving small animals. No comprehensive review of either of these approaches has been presented. More importantly, although electroanalytical techniques are quite straightforward, they come from an area that is outside the mainstream of neurobiology, and it is useful to organize and present the ideas underlying these techniques for the benefit of psychopharmacologists. While experimental details can be gleaned from the literature, it is often difficult to appreciate the nuances of why and how a “transplanted” technique works in a different area. This review should provide a thorough background for those wishing to utilize the electrochemical methods. While pointing out advantages and new approaches, it will also critically assess the limitations and shortcomings.
TL;DR: The theory of belief functions assesses evidence by fitting it to a scale of canonical examples in which the meaning of a message depends on chance as discussed by the authors, and in order to analyse parametric statistical problems within the framework of this theory, we must specify the evidence on which the parametric model is based.
Abstract: The theory of belief functions assesses evidence by fitting it to a scale of canonical examples in which the meaning of a message depends on chance. In order to analyse parametric statistical problems within the framework of this theory, we must specify the evidence on which the parametric model is based. This article gives several examples to show how the nature of this evidence affects the analysis. These examples also illustrate how the theory of belief functions can deal with problems where the evidence is too weak to support a parametric model.