Showing papers by "University of Kentucky published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this paper, an equation and graph for the determination of shear modulus and damping of soils for use in design problems involving repeated loading or vibration of soils, are presented.
Abstract: Equations and graphs for the determination of shear modulus and damping of soils, for use in design problems involving repeated loading or vibration of soils, are presented. These equations and graphs are based on numerous laboratory tests on both remolded and undisturbed cohesive soils and on clean sands. Comparison of the measured and computed values shows good agreement. An example problem showing how these equations and curves are used is given.
1,710 citations
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01 Jan 1972TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an algorithm for Finned Array Assembly, which is based on linear transformations with simplified constraints and convection coefficients with real constraints, and they show that it achieves the optimum design of Radiating and Convecting-Radiating Fins.
Abstract: Preface. Convection with Simplified Constraints. Convection with Real Constraints. Convective Optimizations. Convection Coefficients. Linear Transformations. Elements of Linear Transformations. Algorithms for Finned Array Assembly. Advanced Array Methods and Array Optimization. Finned Passages. Compact Heat Exchangers. Longitudinal Fin Double-Pipe Exchangers. Transverse High-Fin Exchangers. Fins with Radiation. Optimum Design of Radiating and Convecting-Radiating Fins. Multidimensional Heat Transfer in Fins and Fin Assemblies. Transient Heat Transfer in Extended Surfaces. Periodic Heat Flow in Fins. Boiling From Finned Surfaces. Condensation on Finned Surfaces. Augmentation and Additional Studies. Appendix A: Gamma and Bessel Functions. Appendix B: Matrices and Determinants. References. Author Index. Subject Index.
995 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a simple simple shear and two different resonant column apparatus to measure the shear modulus and damping ratio on a spectrum of disturbed and undisturbed soils.
Abstract: Based on numerous tests on a spectrum of disturbed and undisturbed soils, the shear modulus decreases and the damping ratio increases very rapidly with increasing strain amplitude. The rate of increase or decrease depends on many parameters: (1) Effective mean principal stress; (2) degree of saturation; (3) void ratio; and (4) number of cycles of loading. Ambient states of octahedral shear stress, overconsolidation ratio, effective strength envelope, frequency of loading, and time effects have a less important influence on these properties. Cohesive soils are affected differently than clean sands. The apparatus used to measure shear modulus and damping must be capable of making accurate measurements at very small shearing strains, the range being defined by practical problems in earthquake and foundation vibrations. A pseudo static simple shear apparatus and two different resonant column apparatus were used.
399 citations
239 citations
TL;DR: A method of analyzing flow distribution in hydraulic networks is presented which uses a linearized head loss term which allows a network of n pipes to be described by a set of n linear equations which can be solved simultaneously for the flow distribution.
Abstract: A method of analyzing flow distribution in hydraulic networks is presented. Basically, this method uses a linearized head loss term which allows a network of n pipes to be described by a set of n linear equations which can be solved simultaneously for the flow distribution. Because of the linear approximations used, several trials will be required to get an accurate solution. This method of analyzing hydraulic networks is characterized by an assured convergence which is very rapid when compared to other available methods. One reason for this is that it is possible to compute a fairly accurate initial flow distribution and no initial estimates are required. In addition, the method applies directly to both closed loop systems and open-closed loop systems. The method is also easy to program for solution on a digital computer.
239 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the polynomial ring over k is isomorphic to polynomials over k. This is a corollary of (3.3) and (7.7) of the present paper.
188 citations
TL;DR: CDP-diglyceride may be a precursor, directly or indirectly, of all the phospholipids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the direct conversion of labeled CDP-Diglyceride to some of the phosphoripids is demonstrated.
186 citations
171 citations
TL;DR: During rat liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy, the 3.4 SDNA polymerase activity in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions remains relatively constant while the 6 to 8 S DNA polymerase activities in the cytopLasmic fraction increase 6- to 7-fold.
159 citations
TL;DR: Precise criteria for the differential diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, gigantiform cementoma, chronic diffuse scleroses osteomyelitis, focal sclerosing osteomyeliitis, and periapical cementoma have been presented with emphasis on radiographic and behavioral features.
Abstract: . A total of 841 reviewed cases and 75 reported cases of fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws, excluding the giant cell group, are analyzed with regard to clinical, radiographic, and histologic features. Precise criteria for the differential diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, gigantiform cementoma, chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis, focal sclerosing osteomyelitis, and periapical cementoma have been presented with emphasis on radiographic and behavioral features.
155 citations
TL;DR: The frequency, direction, and distance of deviation of the major formen from the anatomic root apex were determined, and the predominating direction of deviation was dependent on the class of tooth examined.
TL;DR: Seven inositol-containing phospholipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be resolved by two-dimensional chromatography on silicic acid-impregnated paper and four are stable to mild alkaline methanolysis and one has already been characterized as a mannosyl di(inositolphosphoryl) ceramide.
Abstract: Seven inositol-containing phospholipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be resolved by two-dimensional chromatography on silicic acid-impregnated paper. Four of these lipids are stable to mild alkaline methanolysis; one of these has already been characterized as a mannosyl di(inositolphosphoryl) ceramide. Addition of labeled 2-deoxy-d-glucose to a growing culture results in label appearing in five lipids, some of which are alkali-stable and have the same RF values as the alkali-stable inositol-containing phospholipids. These lipids are labeled rapidly. The deoxyglucose is incorporated intact, probably in a glycosidic link, since the deoxyglucose is released by mild acid treatment.
TL;DR: A turnover experiment was performed with yeast cells uniformly labeled with both 32 P and [2- 3 H]inositol showing that the major inositol-containing compound phosphatidylinositl lost both labels at the same rate with a half life of about two generations, suggesting that phosphorus served as the phosphoinositol precursor and that the bond between phosphorus and inositl is not broken during this conversion.
TL;DR: The data show that the proportion of cell nuclei containing DNA with single-strand breaks increases during fiber cell differentiation, and that the relative number of breaks per nucleus or unit nuclear area also increase in the same sequence.
TL;DR: During germination, sitosterol was the major sterol in all fractions but stigmasterol and campesterol showed the greatest changes, and the fatty acid composition of the steryl esters and acylated steryl glycosides most closely resembled the di- and triglycerides.
Abstract: The identity, composition, and concentration of the total, free, esterified, and glycosidic sterol fractions were determined during germination of tobacco seeds. The total, free, and esterified sterols increased, with stigmasterol and campesterol accounting for most of the increase. Steryl glycosides decreased during germination, and stigmasteryl and sitosteryl glycosides showed the largest decrease. During germination, sitosterol was the major sterol in all fractions but stigmasterol and campesterol showed the greatest changes. The fatty acid composition of the steryl esters and acylated steryl glycosides most closely resembled the di- and triglycerides.
TL;DR: The role of selenium and molybdenum in the metabolism of Escherichia coli was explored by growing cells in a simple salts medium and examining the metabolic consequences of altering the concentration of molyBdenum and selenum compounds in the medium.
Abstract: The role of selenium and molybdenum in the metabolism of Escherichia coli was explored by growing cells in a simple salts medium and examining the metabolic consequences of altering the concentration of molybdenum and selenium compounds in the medium. The addition of tungstate increased the molybdate deficiency of this medium, as reflected by lowered levels of enzyme systems previously recognized to require compounds of molybdenum and selenium for their formation [formate-dependent oxygen reduction, formate dehydrogenase (FDH) (EC 1.2.2.1), and nitrate reductase (EC 1.9.6.1)]. The requirement for selenium and molybdenum appears to be unique to the enzymes of formate and nitrate metabolism since molybdate- and selenite-deficient medium had no effect on the level of several dehydrogenase and oxidase systems, for which the electron donors were reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, succinate, d- or l-lactate, and glycerol. In addition, no effect was observed on the growth rate or cell yield with any carbon source tested (glucose, glycerol, dl-lactate, acetate, succinate, and l-malate) when the medium was deficient in molybdenum and selenium. dl-Selenocystine was about as effective as selenite in stimulating the formation of formate dehydrogenase, whereas dl-selenomethionine was only 1% as effective. In aerobic cells, an amount of FDH was formed such that 3,200 or 3,800 moles of formate were oxidized per min per mole of added selenium (added as dl-selenocystine or selenite, respectively).
TL;DR: In this article, a 250-keV pulsed electron accelerator was constructed for the excitation of noble gases, so that resonance radiation and continuous emission could be studied under conditions of good geometry with vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopic techniques.
Abstract: A 250-keV pulsed electron accelerator was constructed for the excitation of noble gases, so that resonance radiation and continuous emission could be studied under conditions of good geometry with vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopic techniques. For argon gas, time-dependent studies were carried out at the wave lengths of the $^{1}P_{1}$ resonance line, the $^{3}P_{1}$ resonance line, the 1100-\AA{} continuum, and the 1250-\AA{} continuum over a wide range of gas pressures. The $^{1}P_{1}$ resonance line decays exponentially with a lifetime which seems to be governed by the escape of resonance radiation to the walls of the apparatus and by three-body destruction of resonance states. The 1100-\AA{} continuum, on the other hand, decays exponentially with a lifetime more characteristic of two-body Franck-Condon collisions. The main continuum near 1250 \AA{} reaches a maximum well after the pulse of exciting electrons is terminated and then decays with a lifetime which is very long at low pressure but decreases to a constant value of 2.8 \ensuremath{\mu}sec at high pressures(about 1000 torr). From the data we suggest that the $^{1}P_{1}$ states, which are richly populated with charged particles, are converted to argon metastable molecules and these in turn are converted by collisions to a molecule which radiates the 1250-\AA{} continuum with the 2.8-\ensuremath{\mu}sec lifetime. Better fitting to the time-dependent emission at 1250 \AA{} is obtained by also including the known channel starting with $^{3}P_{2}$ metastable atoms which are converted to a radiating molecule by three-body collisions.
TL;DR: There is sufficient CL synthetase activity to account for CL synthesis during exponential growth and inhibition of CL hydrolysis during growth results in an increase in CL that is balanced by a loss of PG.
Abstract: Cardiolipin (CL) synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus catalyzes the complete conversion of two molecules of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to one molecule of CL and one molecule of glycerol. The fatty acids and phosphates of the two PG molecules can be quantitatively recovered in the CL. The enzyme is membrane-bound, shows a linear relationship with the product formed between 10 and 125 μg of membrane protein, has a pH optimum at 4.4, a temperature optimum between 37 and 45 C, a Km for PG of 2.1 × 10−4m, a Vmax of 200 nmoles of CL per min per mg of membrane protein, and does not require monovalent or divalent metals for activity. The enzyme has no nucleotide requirement and is not affected by prolonged dialysis, and treatment of the enzyme with charcoal has no effect on its activity. The enzyme has no phosphomonoesterase or phosphodiesterase activity, does not act on CL, is specific for PG, and CL and glycerol are the sole products of its activity. Other lipids do not stimulate or inhibit its activity. The enzyme is inhibited by organic solvents and some detergents. There is sufficient CL synthetase activity to account for CL synthesis during exponential growth. Inhibition of CL hydrolysis during growth results in an increase in CL that is balanced by a loss of PG. The activity of CL synthetase is not affected by cytidine diphosphate diglyceride but is inhibited competitively by the product, CL.
TL;DR: In this article, the Pythagorean triples in unique factorization domains are presented. But they do not specify the order in which the triples are derived from the original triples.
Abstract: (1972). Pythagorean Triples in Unique Factorization Domains. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 503-505.
TL;DR: It is concluded that amino acid transport in S. aureus is catalyzed by mechanisms similar to those found in Escherichia coli with the exception that α-glycerol phosphate, rather than d-lactate, is the primary electron donor.
TL;DR: The evolutionary process of N. tabacum may be clarified if synthesis of this species can be achieved through experimental hybridization and amphiploidy, and recently, Cameron (1965) added evidence that N. sylvestris contributed cytoplasm to the hybrid from which N.tabacum was evolved.
Abstract: Isozyme patterns of plant organs and tissues are a direct reflection of particular genes that are operating at a given stage of growth and differentiation. Gene-enzyme systems affect survival and fitness in the course of evolution and consequently may provide useful information for studies of phylogenetic relationship. The application of isozyme patterns for biosystematics in plants has been reported in the recent literature (West and Garber, 1967; Sheen, 1970). The genus Nicotiana has been a favored material for studies on inheritance and evolution in higher plants. It comprises 64 presently recognized species (Smith, 1968), among which N. tabacum, an allopolyploid, is the only species cultivated around the world. The origin and evolution of N. tabacum has been deduced from morphological, ecological, genetic, and cytogenetic investigations. It is generally believed that interspecific hybridization, with subsequent amphiploidy as well as gene recombination, has played an important role in its evolution. However, N. tabacum is not found in nature (Goodspeed, 1954), particularly in the geographic area where the putative progenitor species overlap in their distribution. The origin of N. tabacum has, therefore, been a debatable subject for many years. In 1928 Clausen hypothesized that N. tabacum (N = 24) had originated from an interspecific hybrid between N. sylvestris (N = 12) and N. tomentosa (N = 12) after chromosome doubling. This hypothesis was later changed with regard to the progenitor species from the Tomentosae section. There are two currently recognized hypotheses regarding the origin of tobacco. Hypothesis I was proposed by Clausen (1932) and Kostoff (1938) who believed that N. tomentosiformis (N = 12) was one of the progenitors. In contrast, Goodspeed (1954) favored N. otophora (N = 12) (hypothesis II) as the closer relative of modern tobacco. Both hypotheses agreed that an ancestor of N. sylvestris was the other progenitor. Recently, Cameron (1965) added evidence that N. sylvestris contributed cytoplasm to the hybrid from which N. tabacum was evolved. The evolutionary process of N. tabacum may be clarified if synthesis of this species can be achieved through experimental hybridization and amphiploidy. Kostoff (1938) has conducted such experiments by backcrossing the F1 hybrid of N. sylvestris X N. tomentosiformis (2N = 24) first to N. sylvestris and then to N. tomentosiformis to reconstitute the respective genomes. He obtained two amphidiploids (2N = 48) which were taxonomically indistinguishable from N. tabacum and readily crossable with tobacco cultivars. However, some morphological features of the amphidiploids resembled the hybrids of a N. tabacum x (N. sylvestris x N. tomentosiformis) cross. Greenleaf (1942) produced similar amphidiploid from callus of the F1 hybrid. In contrast to Kostoff's amphidiploid which was self-fertile, the callus-induced one was completely female sterile but highly male fertile. Amphidiploids produced by colchicine treatments showed the same character of female sterility (D. U. Gerstel, pers. comm.). The present investigation was designed 1 Contribution from the Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Published with the approval of the Director as Paper No. (70-3-161) Journal series, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.
TL;DR: In this paper, three modes of heat removal are identified for the monotonic curve and described analytically: a natural convection mode, a mixed film boiling and a pure film boiling mode.
TL;DR: Oligoribonucleotides are effective initiators of polydeoxynucleotide replication catalyzed by a high molecular weight DNA polymerase from calf thymus gland, but are relatively ineffective initiators for low molecular weight mammalian DNA polymerases.
TL;DR: Emergence of larvae of Apanteles congregatus from its host, Manduca sexta (L.) was inhibited by the incorporation of nicotine in the host's diet or by topical application of nicotine to the host.
Abstract: Emergence of larvae of Apanteles congregatus (Say) from its host, Manduca sexta (L.) was inhibited by the incorporation of nicotine in the host's diet or by topical application of nicotine to the host. The nicotine affected the larval parasites at the time of emergence from their host but it had no apparent effect on development of the parasite prior to this. Contrary to earlier reports, dark tobacco grown in the field had no effect on the development or emergence of parasites in hosts feeding on this type of tobacco.
TL;DR: A study of the reasons alcoholics give for resuming or stopping drinking after discharge from a hospital showed such broad diversity that no unitary hypothesis could be confirmed as mentioned in this paper, particularly the c...
Abstract: A study of the reasons alcoholics give for resuming or stopping drinking after discharge from a hospital showed such broad diversity that no unitary hypothesis could be confirmed—particularly the c...
TL;DR: In this article, the deformation kinetics of polycrystalline titanium polycrystals were investigated in tension over the temperature range of 4.2 −650°K and showed that the rate controlling dislocation mechanism during the low temperature deformation of titanium is thermally activated overcoming of interstitial solute obstacles.
TL;DR: In Purkinje and ventricular fibers, the deviation of the duration of premature action potentials from the cycle-length-dependent duration was determined, at least in part, by theduration of the preceding action potential and proximity.
Abstract: We compared premature and nonpremature action potentials in Purkinje and ventricular fibers from the moderator band of the pig heart to determine if the duration of premature action potentials depended on factors other than preceding cycle length. In Purkinje fibers, the duration of premature action potentials was cycle-length dependent in responses originating more than 100 msec after the preceding repolarization, but the duration of earlier responses was less than the cycle-length-dependent duration. This cycle-length-independent shortening of premature responses increased with greater proximity to the preceding repolarization and increasing duration of the preceding action potential. In ventricular fibers, the duration of premature action potentials was greater than the cycle-length-dependent duration. This cycle-length-independent lengthening increased as the duration of the preceding action potential increased; it also depended on proximity, being greatest when proximity ranged between 26 and 275 msec. The difference between the durations of simultaneously recorded Purkinje and ventricular action potentials decreased as prematurity increased, but the earliest premature Purkinje action potential was consistently shorter than the simultaneously recorded ventricular action potential. Thus, premature stimulation produced different effects in Purkinje and ventricular fibers. However, in both fibers, the deviation of the duration of premature action potentials from the cycle-length-dependent duration was determined, at least in part, by the duration of the preceding action potential and proximity.