Showing papers by "University of Kentucky published in 1975"

Mammalian DNA Polymerases

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter states that physiological experiments demonstrating variations of DNA polymerase activities were first done in mammalian systems, whereas the first relevant genetic experiments in bacteria came 12 years after the discovery of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Mammalian DNA polymerase can be isolated and purified without the major problems that arise from associated nucleases. For this reason, it is relatively simple to do mechanistic studies with these enzymes. With bacterial enzymes, on the other hand, there are logical difficulties in proving the nature of the template initiator system required. Purification of mammalian DNA polymerases to homogeneity has been somewhat of a problem, and the first such homogeneous DNA polymerase, the low-molecular-weight DNA polymerase from calf thymus chromatin, is also described in the chapter. The chapter discusses the nature of template initiator systems, the major DNA polymerase activities in cell fractions and the properties of purified mammalian enzymes. Future direction will start with the information presented and eventually proceed into the more complex “replication systems” including the “associated proteins” clearly required for DNA replication. To analyze the participation of the known DNA polymerases in DNA replication, polymerase mutants and selective inhibitors are sorely needed.

Congruence between individual needs, organizational climate, job satisfaction and performance1

Abstract: The article discusses the proposition that organizational climate interacts with individual personality in influencing job satisfaction and performance. Researches who have analyzed the relative am...

BP Operations and Morava's Extraordinary K-Theories

Abstract: In a series of papers [17-19] Morava uses an infinite sequence of extraordinary K-theories to give an elegant structure theorem for the complex cobordism of a finite complex. Much of Morava's theory is embedded in a rather sophisticated algebraic setting. In our attempt to understand his work, we have found more conventional algebraic topological proofs of many of his results. Also, our approach has yielded new contributions to the general Morava program. We hope this paper will help make Morava's work more accessible and ease the transition between standard algebraic topology and Morava's exposition. Morava is forced by his algebraic setting to work throughout with complex cobordism, MU*(). We can work directly with Brown-Peterson homology where many of the phenomena we are studying are more transparent. BP denotes the Brown-Peterson spectrum at a fixed prime p [-1, 7, 21]. This spectrum gives a multiplicative homology theory, BP,( ) , with coefficient ring BP, = 9 (p~ Iv 1 . . . . , v . . . . . 7. (Zcp) is the ring of integers localized at the prime p. The dimension of the polynomial generator v, is 2(p"1).) The operation ring for BP, BP*(BP), operates on BP,=BP,(S~ One of the first benefits of our approach was an easy direct proof of the invariant prime ideal theorem.

Ultrastructural study of mouse olfactory epithelium following destruction by ZnSO4 and its subsequent regeneration

Abstract: Regeneration of olfactory epithelium was studied at the ultrastructural level in two different strains of mice (C57B1/6J and SWR/J) following destructive changes induced by nasal irrigation with 1% aqueous solution of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). Three epithelial conditions were seen during the first four to 14 days following treatment: a "surface alteration" state characterized by changes at the apical ends of olfactory and columnar supporting cells, a "squamous-metaplastic" state, and a simple-squamous" state. In the latter two conditions, thought to represent regenerative states, cells contained inclusions similar to secretion granules in Bowman's glands. This observation supports earlier suggestions that new epithelial cells originate from these glands. Later regenerative changes consist of differentiation of new sensory cells and columnar supporting cells in an initially disorganized epithelium. This epithelium then changes to a normal, pseudostratified organization. Regeneration of the epithelium begins earlier and proceeds more rapidly in the SWR/J strain than C57B1/6J mice. Possibly, a genetic difference exists between strains. After 72 days the epithelium in both strains had regenerated.

Computation of the Capacitance Matrix for Systems of Dielectric-Coated Cylindrical Conductors

Abstract: The method of moments is applied to the computation of the charge distributions and capacitance matrix for electrostatic systems of bare and dielectric-coated cylindrical wires. Several choices of expansion functions are investigated in detail and compared. Harmonic series expansion functions are shown to be especially well suited to problems involving systems of closely-spaced dielectric-coated cylindrical wires.

Control of systems with jump Markov disturbances

Abstract: -Control of stochastic differential equations of the form dot{x}=f^{r(t)}(t,x,u) in which r(t) is a fiie-state Markov p n m s is discussed Dynamic programming optimalityconditions are shown to be necessary and sufficient for oplimality. A stochastic minimom principle whose adjoints satisfy deterministic integral equations is defiied and shorn to be necessary and snffiaent for optimality.

Protection of cucumber against Colletotrichum lagenarium by Colletotrichum lagenarium

Abstract: Eight cultivars of cucumber, susceptible to Colletotrichum lagenarium race 1, were systemically protected against disease caused by the pathogen by prior inoculation with race 1 of the pathogen. Inoculation of a single leaf of young cucumber plants with a spore suspension of C. lagenarium protected the leaf above against disease caused by a subsequent inoculation with C. lagenarium . Repeated inoculations of protected plants enhanced protection and plants remained protected throughout the 10-week duration of experiments. New growth of protected and repeatedly inoculated plants was symptomless. Protection was also elicited by low levels of inoculum which caused 2 to 10 lesions/plant. Damage to a leaf by dry ice did not protect the leaf above against C. lagenarium . After the unprotected leaf developed symptoms, it elicited protection for the leaf above and this leaf was often symptomless. Though Cladosporium cucumerinum protected cucumber cultivars resistant to C. cucumerinum against C. lagenarium, C. lagenarium protected cucumber varieties against C. lagenarium regardless of their resistance or susceptibility to C. cucumerinum . The phenomenon of protection reported suggests a remarkable elasticity and versatility inherent in a plant's mechanism for disease resistance.

Polynomial and Catenary Curve Fits to Human Dental Arches

Abstract: Polynomial and catenary equations were fit by least square error methods to the dentitions of seven children with "normal" occlusion. Mean and mean square error were then used to analyze accuracy of curve fits and asymmetries of arches. A lack of congruency for the "lines of occlusion" common to the maxilla and mandible suggest that the defining anatomic landmarks are inaccurate. These analyses show that the coefficients of the sixth degree polynomial equations appear to have potential as clinical indicators of arch form and, perhaps, malocclusion.

Myofunctional therapy for tongue-thrusting: background and recommendations

Abstract: Recommendations about patient selection for myofunctional therapy and treatment timing are made. Whether tongue thrust is a habit or an innate behavior pattern and whether it is related to open bite malocclusions and incisor protrusion are discussed. Tongue thrust may be a delayed transition stage in some children. Therapy is not indicated in the absence of speech or dental problems, or before puberty. The article reviews oral form and function interactions pertinent to tongue thrust and provides guidelines for patient selection for myofunctional therapy. Certain anatomic conditions predispose normal children to anterior tongue positioning, which disappears during puberty. In these children the tongue thrust is a normal, if delayed, transition stage. In other children, it is a necessary adaptation. Myofunctional therapy is not indicated in the absence of speech or dental problems and is not indicated, in our view, before puberty. If tongue thrust and an associated malocclusion persist to puberty, tongue therapy may be indicated. The therapy then is more effective when combined with orthodontic treatment to reposition teeth, rather than being done before orthodontics. Speech therapy can modify speech errors in tongue-thrusters and reposition the tongue tip posteriorly.

Estimating Population Size with Exponential Failure

Abstract: We are given J observations obtained by truncated sampling of a population of N items which fail independently according to the exponential distribution, where both N and the scale parameter of the exponential are unknown. Estimates of N are developed, and compared. These are conditional and unconditional maximum likelihood estimates, and a class of Bayes modal estimates. On the basis of second-order asymptotic properties, one of the Bayes estimates is singled out as most desirable. This estimator is also good for estimating mean life, but for estimating failure rate, the maximum likelihood estimates are preferable.

Characterization of Inositol-containing Phosphosphingolipids from Tobacco Leaves: Isolation and Identification of Two Novel, Major Lipids: N-Acetylglucosamidoglucuronidoinositol Phosphorylceramide and Glucosamidoglucuronidoinositol Phosphorylceramide

Abstract: A method for a large scale extraction of phosphoglycosphingolipids from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. has been developed. The phosphosphingolipid concentrate consists of a dozen or more polar lipids as judged by thin layer chromatography. Two of these lipids were purified by chromatography on porous silica beads and partially characterized. These lipids are formulated as: N-acetylglucosamidoglucuronidoinositol phosphorylceramide and glucosamidoglucuronidoinositol phosphorylceramide. Although not fully characterized, the other lipids in the concentrate are inositol-containing phosphosphingolipids with a higher carbohydrate content.

Filtration and infusion phlebitis: a double-blind prospective clinical study.

Abstract: The effect of final filtration on the incidence of infusion phlebitis was studied in a prospective, double-blind investigation involving 146 postoperative patients. The incidence of infusion phlebitis was found to be significantly reduced when an inline, 0.45-mum membrane filter was used. The greatest reduction of infusion phlebitis was in the filter groups receiving unbuffered solutions and no set change over the 72 hours of therapy. Buffering the infusion fluid or 24-hour change of the administration set did not have any effect on reducing the incidence of phlebitis. Antibiotic therapy appeared to have a slightly beneficial effect only when inline filters were employed. A significant rise in white blood cell count and an increase in sedimentation rate were observed in the patients receiving unfiltered fluids. It is recommended that inline final filters should be a part of routine intravenous therapy.

Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with gynecologic malignancy

Abstract: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was elevated (greater than 2.5 ng/ml) in 81 of 100 patients with gynecologic malignancy and in 17 of 95 patients with benign gynecologic disease. CEA concentration was, in general, related to the extent of disease, and in early stage cancer often returned to normal following complete surgical excision. Tumors were classified morphologically according to cell type, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, necrosis, vascular invasion, desmoplasia, and degree of differentiation. The only histologic characteristic associated with elevated CEA levels was the presence of vascular invasion. Further investigation is needed to define the structure, function, and metabolism of CEA in patients with gynecologic malignancy.

The relation of infection to infertility in the mare and stallion.

Abstract: SUMMARY Many normally fertile stallions harbour bacteria in and on the genital organs. Many mares served by such stallions are unaffected by the bacteria to which they are thus exposed; however, some mares so exposed will become infected and diseased. Presumably, the genital defenses of such mares had been compromised. Strain differences in pathogenicity of bacteria do exist. Some mares affected with pyometra had irregular ovarian activity and some had normal ovarian cycles. In the former group, destruction of the endometrium may have prevented the production of endogenous luteolysin. The leukopenia which occurs in both groups is due to neutropenia. Beaucoup d'etalons doues d'une fertilite normale sont porteurs de bacteries sur et dans les organes genitaux. RESUME Beaucoup de juments saillies par ces etalons ne sont pas affectees par cette contamination. Mais d'autres exposees aux memes agents developpent une affection genitale. Les defenses genitales de ces dernieres juments sont probablement insuffisantes ou alterees. On sait d'autre part que le pouvoir pathogene des bacteries varie selon les souches. Un certain nombre de juments atteintes d'un pyometre ont une activite ovarienne irreguliere; d'autres ont des cycles normaux. Dans le groupe des juments presentant un pyometre on peut penser que la destruction de l'endometre entrave la production de luteolysine endogene. La leucopenie constatee dans les deux groupes est due a une neutropenie. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Viele normal fruchtbare Hengste beherbergen Bakterien in oder an den Genitalorganen. Viele der durch diese Hengste gedeckten Stuten werden von den betreffenden Keimen nicht affiziert; gewisse Stuten allerdings infizieren sich anlasslich des Deckaktes und zeigen Krankheitsanzeichen. Es ist anzunehmen, dass die Abwehr des Genitaltraktes solcher Stuten beeintrachtigt gewesen ist. Unterschiede in der Pathogenitat von Bakterienstammen kommen vor. Manche Stuten mit Pyometra zeigten eine unregelmassige Ovarfunktion, andere dagegen einen normalen Zyklus. Bei Stuten mit unregelmassigen Zyklen mag die Zerstorung des Endometrium die Produktion endogenen Luteolysins verhindert haben. Die Leukopenie, die in beiden Gruppen beobachtet werden kann, ist die Folge einer Neutropenie.

Behavioral ecology: Contingency management of consumer energy use

Abstract: Monetary incentives were made contingent on reduced energy (electricity and natural gas) use by residential consumers (N = 16) given information on reduction procedures. Reductions in electricity use were significantly greater during a 4-week period by these consumers than by a matched group who received only the information on how to reduce use (N = 15). The two groups did not differ in level of natural gas reduction. Differences between groups in electricity use tended to be maintained at 2-week and 8-week follow-up assessments. The results are discussed in terms of a behavioral ecology framework which specifies functions that behavioral scientists can perform in the area of environmental protection. 24 references, 1 figure.

Bioavailability and single-dose pharmacokinetics of intramuscular phenytoin.

Abstract: Comparison of phenytoin plasma concentrations in an intravenous and intramuscular crossover study in 12 healthy ambulant, male subjects indicates that phenytoin administered intramuscularly is absorbed over a period of approximately five days. A model simulating precipitation and redissolution of the drug at the injection site has been shown to satisfactorily fit observed plasma concentration data following intramuscular administration. It is proposed that this model will be useful in the selection of an appropriate dosing regimen in situations in which intramuscular administration of phenytoin is indicated.

Nomenclature of eukaryotic DNA polymerases.

Abstract: A nomenclature system is proposed for the various DNA-polymerase activities now known to exist in eukaryotic cells.

The effects of minute direct electrical currents on cultured chick embryo trigeminal ganglia.

Abstract: The effects of low levels of electric current were determined on organ cultures of 6- to 19-day-old chick embryo trigeminal ganglia. Current levels ranged from 0.00115 to 11.5 nA/mm2; the time of electrical treatment varied from 2 h to 96 h. Low levels of electricity were found to have at least three major effects on this system of mixed cellular types: (1) Outgrowth of nerve fibers from the explant was enriched. This resulted in a greater number of fibers which were longer and more highly branched than those in control cultures. (2) Survival of neurons within the original explanted ganglion was enchanced by treatment with electricity. The presence of healthy neurons was found in 93.1% of the treated cultures and in 53.5% of untreated cultures. (3) Neurons, fibers and non-neural cells were stimulated to grow in the direction of the cathode. The rate of cathodal migration was calculated to be 0.1 mm/h (2.4 mm/day) in an explant from 12-day-old embryo. No differences were observed between surviving treated and control cultures in histochemical tests for acetycholinesterase. A similarity between the action of low levels of electrical current and nerve growth factor (NGF) is suggested.