Showing papers by "University of Kentucky published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a corporate social involvement disclosure scale based on a content analysis of the annual reports of the Fortune 500 companies, and three results were shown: (1) the change over ti...
Abstract: This article develops a corporate social involvement disclosure scale based on a content analysis of the annual reports of the Fortune 500 companies. Three results are shown: (1) the change over ti...
1,090 citations
TL;DR: An ordinal dental attrition scoring technique for molar teeth involving a quadrant system is applied to three Amerind skeletal samples and is recommended for use in the principal axis technique for the analysis of wear data presented in the accompanying paper.
Abstract: An ordinal dental attrition scoring technique for molar teeth involving a quadrant system is applied to three Amerind skeletal samples. Molar teeth are visually divided into four sections and each section scored on a 1–10 scale. The score for the whole tooth is the sum of the quadrant scores and ranges from 4–40. Scores are based on the amount of enamel in each quarter of the tooth. The method's reliability is demonstrated by a paired comparison type of ANOVA, for both intra- and inter-observer repeated measurements. Because the method is reliable, easy to use, and produces data with lower variances than a 1–8 system (such as Molnar's ['71]), it is recommended for use in the principal axis technique for the analysis of wear data presented in the accompanying paper.
382 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an elastic model of semiflexible chain macromolecules is developed in order to treat internal rotatory Brownian motion in the DNA helix, and dynamical equations for torsion and bending of the chain are generated, using results from classical elasticity and hydrodynamic theories.
Abstract: An elastic model of semiflexible chain macromolecules is developed in order to treat internal rotatory Brownian motion in the DNA helix. Dynamical equations for torsion and bending of the chain are generated, using results from classical elasticity and hydrodynamic theories. The rotational diffusion equation in normal coordinates is derived, and the initial‐boundary value problem solved for the conditions of a nanosecond fluorescence depolarization experiment. The resulting time distribution function of the angular orientation of a fluorescent probe, embedded in a chain at thermal equilibrium, is used to compute the emission anisotropy. The predicted decay law is unusual, with exponentials in ∼t due to twisting and in ∼t1/4 due to bending. Comparison with published data for ethidium–DNA complex reveals that the decay of the anisotropy arises primarily from twisting of the DNA helix, with a small contribution from bending. By fitting theory and experiment, the torsional rigidity C of DNA may be obtained.
359 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a discrepancy model was used to distinguish between uses and gratifications sought and obtained from public television and to predict the level of exposure to PTV content among respondents who made their own decisions concerning what programs to watch.
Abstract: A consistent problem with uses and gratifications research has been the failure to distinguish between gratifications sought and gratifications obtained. This study tested a discrepancy model constrasting gratifications sought from television in general with gratifications respondents perceived they obtained (or would obtain) from public television. The model successfully predicted level of exposure to PTV content among respondents who made their own decisions concerning what programs to watch. Level of exposure was unrelated to the discrepancy measure among those who let others make the viewing decision. When each gratification was considered individually, the discrepancy model successfully discriminated between viewers and nonviewers of PTV on 8 of 11 gratification items. The results also indicate the importance of social determinants of the viewing decision and perceptions of PTV content as predictors of PTV consumption.
220 citations
TL;DR: In 1970, Nyle C. Brady, then Chairman of the Agricultural Board, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, convened a meeting in Washington, D.C. of a Task Force on the Role of Agricultural Scientific Societies as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In December 1970, Dr. Nyle C. Brady, then Chairman of the Agricultural Board, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, convened a meeting in Washington, D.C. of a Task Force on the Role of Agricultural Scientific Societies. Represented were: Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), American Society of Agronomy (ASA), American Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA), Weed Science Society of America (WSSA), American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), Poultry Science Association (PSA), American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS), American Dairy Science Association (ADSA), American Society for Range Management (ASRM), and the Rural Sociological Society (RSS). The consensus was to pursue further “the idea of an independent association of the agricultural science societies,” thus a planning committee was appointed.
190 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1979TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of color on political and social alliances during almost two hundred years of Haiti history is discussed, and the main ideas and ideologies that accompanied them are discussed.
Abstract: "Rich in subject matter and eminently readable, this book is also a fine work of scholarship. The more than 1,200 footnotes are models of clarity and relevance; the bibliography and index seem scrupulously accurate...While each generation must rewrite its own history, as Nicholls remarks, no book on Haiti for a long time to come will properly be able to ignore the analysis he here provides." --Ethnic and Racial Studies "Step by step, [Nicholls] guides us through the various historical time periods of Haitian political and national development, illuminating each one of them by a cogent and learned discussion of the main ideas and ideologies that accompanied them." --The Political Quarterly "Probably the best book written about Haitian history after its independence ...a thorough, thoughtful, extremely well-researched work." --Handbook of Latin American Studies In this lively, provocative, and well-documented history, David Nicholls discusses the impact of "color" on political and social alliances during almost two hundred years of Haitian history. While consciousness of racial identity has been a powerful factor which, from the earliest days, has united Haitians in a determination to preserve their national independence, color has been a divisive factor, leading to the erosion of the stability of that independence. Nicholls grounds this sophisticated analysis in great historical detail and engaging, witty prose. Students and general readers alike will gain much from this insightful and informative history of Haiti. A new preface to this edition covers the last ten years in Haitiain history. David Nicholls is a major authority on Haiti, and was in the country as a newspaper correspondent during the 1987 election disaster. His other books include Haiti in the Caribbean Context: Ethnicity; The Pluralist State: and Deity and Domination.
188 citations
TL;DR: A modified Newton method for the unconstrained minimization problem is presented and it is shown how the Bunch and Parlett decomposition of a symmetric indefinite matrix can be used to give entirely adequate directions of negative curvature.
Abstract: We present a modified Newton method for the unconstrained minimization problem. The modification occurs in non-convex regions where the information contained in the negative eigenvalues of the Hessian is taken into account by performing a line search along a path which is initially tangent to a direction of negative curvature. We give termination criteria for the line search and prove that the resulting iterates are guaranteed to converge, under reasonable conditions, to a critical point at which the Hessian is positive semidefinite. We also show how the Bunch and Parlett decomposition of a symmetric indefinite matrix can be used to give entirely adequate directions of negative curvature.
174 citations
TL;DR: An X-ray photoemission spectroscopy study of a series of standard nickel compounds (Ni, NiO, Ni(OH)2, NiSiO3) and silica-supported nickel methanation catalysts has been conducted.
155 citations
145 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of data suggests that radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy is as effective as irradiation only in the treatment of large cell squamous carcinomas 2 cm or less in diameter, and the addition of extrafascial hysteretomy to radiation therapy significantly decreased the incidence of recurrence in stage IB cervical tumors 5 cm or more in diameter.
Abstract: Five hundred twenty-six patients with invasive cervical cancer, treated at the University of Kentucky from 1964 to 1976, were followed 2--12 years after therapy. One hundred and sixty patients (31%) developed tumor recurrence. Recurrent cancer was noted with 1 year after therapy in 58% of patients and within 2 years of treatment in 76% of patients. Only 6% of patients with recurrent cervical cancer survived 3 or more years. Stage of disease, cell type, lesion size, and the presence of lymph vascular space invasion by tumor cells were all shown to be prognostically significant. The addition of extrafascial hysterectomy to radiation therapy significantly decreased the incidence of recurrence in stage IB cervical tumors 5 cm or more in diameter. Analysis of this data suggests that radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy is as effective as irradiation only in the treatment of large cell squamous carcinomas 2 cm or less in diameter.
141 citations
TL;DR: Protein reserves were measured in a nitrogen depletion-repletion experiment with 15 lactating Holstein cows and there was a greater amount of nitrogen repleted by the medium and high groups compared with the low-protein group.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the administration of isoproterenol is a useful adjunct when attempting to initiate ventricular tachycardia by stimulation techniques, and should be helpful in carrying out studies designed to establish appropriate therapeutic interventions in patients with recurrent ventricular gyrations.
Abstract: Initiation of ventricular tachycardia using isoproterenol administration and programmed stimulation of the heart was attempted in 11 patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia in whom standard stimulation techniques alone failed to induce the tachycardia. Seven patients had nonsustained and four had sustained ventricular tachycardla. In four patients, ventricular tachycardia was induced by exercise; in the remaining seven, tachycardia was not exercise-induced. Before isoproterenol, single and double ventricular premature depolarizations and rapid ventricular pacing failed to induce the tachycardia in all patients. After intravenous administration of small amounts (6 to 16 μg) of isoproterenol, critically timed single and double ventricular premature depolarizations could reproducibly initiate and terminate the tachycardia in six of seven patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and in three of four patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia. Propranolol (0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg body weight) was effective in blocking the arrhythmia-facilitating effect of isoproterenol in four patients and procainamide (10 mg/kg) was effective in three patients. In two patients, neither propranolol nor procainamide was effective. The precise mechanisms underlying the arrhythmogenic effects of isoproterenol in each patient are not obvious. Nonetheless, our results suggest that the administration of isoproterenol is a useful adjunct when attempting to initiate ventricular tachycardia by stimulation techniques. As such, it should be helpful in carrying out studies designed to establish appropriate therapeutic interventions in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia.
TL;DR: A Corey, Pauling and Koltun (CPK) molecular model is proposed for the anthramycin–DNA adduct in which anthramYcin is attached through the 2-amino group of guanine and lies hidden in the narrow groove.
Abstract: Anthramycin, an antitumour antibiotic produced by Streptomyces refuineus1, belongs to the pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine antibiotic group2. Antibiotics within this group are potent inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis because of their ability to form a labile covalent adduct with DNA2–6. The reaction of anthramycin with DNA is unusual in that the rate of adduct formation is slow2,4,5, shows an absolute specificity for deoxyguanosine in a double-stranded template4, and is only stable as long as the secondary structure of DNA is retained6. Experiments using confluent non-dividing human cell lines have demonstrated that while repair-proficient cells are able to remove up to 84% of the adduct within 72 h, xeroderma pigmentosum cells in complementation group A were only able to remove 49% during the same incubation period10. We propose here a Corey, Pauling and Koltun (CPK) molecular model for the anthramycin–DNA adduct in which anthramycin is attached through the 2-amino group of guanine and lies hidden in the narrow groove. Experimental data supporting this model are provided. The model is based on information about the probable covalent binding sites on anthramycin and guanine together with the known crystal structure of anthramyin7.
TL;DR: It is suggested that both Ca+ and Na+ compete with verapamil, but Na+ acts only in the presence of hypercalcemia, and treatment with calcium may be useful in counteracting the negative inotropic effect of verAPamil.
Abstract: The reversibility of verapamil-induced hemodynamic and electrophysiologic changes by intravenously administered CaCI2 and NaCI was tested in 34 anesthetized open-chest dogs during verapamil infusions which produced plasma verapamil concentrations of 70-2042 ng/ml. An increase of serum calcium concentration (Ca). to an average 6.5 mEq/l abolished the depressive effects of verapamil on cardiac output and left ventricular dp/dt and diminished drug-related hypotension by an average of 52%, but did not affect verapamil-induced prolongation of AH interval and slowing of sinus rate. Further increase of (Ca). to an average of 8.2 mEq/l decreased AH prolongation caused by verapamil from an average of 95% to 45% of control value, but had no effect on verapamil-induced slowing of sinus rate or second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block during atrial pacing. Rapid intravenous injection of 40 ml 2 M NaCI, transiently raised serum Na+ concentration to 162 mE/l, decreased AH prolongation caused by verapamil to an average of 22% of control value, decreased slowing of sinus rate from an average of 34% to an average of 19% of control value, and decreased the severity of second-degree AV block, but had no effect on verapamil-induced complete AV block or sinus arrest. Hypernatremia had no effect on AH interval and sinus rate without prior CaCl2 infusion. In the absence
TL;DR: In this article, a transmission line model for predicting electromagnetic coupling (crosstalk) involving twisted-wire pairs (TWP) is developed, where the twisted pair is modeled as a cascade of loops consisting of uniform two-wire sections with abrupt interchanges of wire positions at the ends of each loop.
Abstract: A transmission line model for predicting electromagnetic coupling (crosstalk) involving twisted-wire pairs (TWP) is developed. The twisted pair is modeled as a cascade of loops consisting of uniform two-wire sections with abrupt interchanges of wire positions at the ends of each loop. Experimental results are obtained for the coupling between a single wire above ground and a twisted pair above ground. The experimental correlation with the model predictions indicates that the simulation model is typically accurate within 3 dB for frequencies such that the total line length is less than 1/ 10 of a wavelength. For higher frequencies, the model tracks the experimental results quite well although the prediction error is somewhat larger.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the large quantity of ammonium released by the small intestine into portal blood is equal to thatReleased by the uncleansed colon, and can be largely accounted for by the metabolism of glutamine.
TL;DR: Administration of the 8-bromo analog of cyclic GMP evoked fluid secretion, the time course of which was similar to that induced by enteringotoxin, strongly suggest that E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin induces intestinal secretion by increasing intestinal cyclicGMP levels.
Abstract: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli cause diarrhea by elaborating two enterotoxins. The large-molecular-weight, heat-labile toxin causes intestinal secretion by stimulating cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate production. The mechanism by which the small-molecular-weight, heat-stable enterotoxin induces secretion is unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that heat-stable enterotoxin induces secretion by altering intestinal cyclic nucleotide concentrations. This was studied in suckling mice by using highly purified E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin obtained from a strain pathogenic for humans. At 3 min after administration of this toxin, intestinal cyclic guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP) levels were increased 10-fold. Cyclic GMP levels decreased thereafter, but still were greater than control levels at 120 min. Cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate levels fell to one-half of control levels at 3 min and remained below control levels for 120 min. When the time course of enterotoxin-induced secretion was compared with changes in cyclic GMP levels, fluid secretion was not evident until 15 to 30 min after enterotoxin administration. Thus, the increase in intestinal cyclic GMP concentration preceded measurable fluid secretion. And finally, administration of the 8-bromo analog of cyclic GMP evoked fluid secretion, the time course of which was similar to that induced by enterotoxin. These, and other data, strongly suggest that E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin induces intestinal secretion by increasing intestinal cyclic GMP levels.
TL;DR: In this article, an elementary account of Schwarz-Pick systems of assigning pseudometrics to domains in normed linear spaces is presented, and the authors provide a sufficient condition for the completeness of a domain with respect to a pseudometric assigned to it by such a system.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study on Schwarz–Pick systems of pseudometrics for domains in normed linear spaces. The chapter presents an elementary account of systems of assigning pseudometrics to domains in normed linear spaces so that the Schwarz–Pick inequality holds for any holomorphic mapping of one domain into another and so that the pseudometric assigned to the open unit disc of the complex plane is the usual Poincare metric. The chapter focuses on the Caratheodory and Kobayashi systems of pseudometrics. Of all systems, these assign the smallest and largest pseudometrics, respectively, to a given domain. The chapter begins with the definition of an infinitesimal Finder pseudometrica, which is used to measure lengths of curves, and construct an associated pseudometric called the integrated form of ∝. The chapter presents examples on the Caratheodory–Reiffen–Finsler (CRF)-pseudometrics, which are a Schwarz–Pick system. These pseudometrics are used together with the contraction mapping theorem to obtain the Earle–Hamilton fixed point theorem and a corresponding inverse function theorem. The chapter also discusses the basic properties of Schwarz–Pick systems and provides a sufficient condition for the completeness of a domain with respect to a pseudometric assigned to it by such a system. By considering differentiability of pseudometrics, it is shown that the Caratheodory pseudometric, the infinitesimal CRF-pseudometric, and its integrated form all assign the same lengths to curves.
TL;DR: The data suggest that the compatible interaction between potato tissue and P. infestans may be caused by a suppression of the hypersensitive response of the host tissue by water-soluble glucans from the fungus.
Abstract: Factors which inhibit the hypersensitive reaction of potato tuber tissue (Kennebec, R1) to Phytophthora infestans were isolated from mycelia and zoospores of race 1234 (compatible) and race 4 (incompatible) of the fungus. They were partially characterized as glucans containing β-1→3 and β-1→6 linkages and 17 to 23 glucose units. The glucans from both mycelia and zoospores included a non-anionic glucan and an anionic glucan; one or two residues of the latter were esterified with a phosphoryl monoester. Death of host cells, browning and the accumulation of rishitin (hypersensitive reaction) in tuber slices inoculated with race 4 or treated with an elicitor from the fungus were suppressed by pretreatment of slices with the glucans. The glucans from the compatible race were more active in suppressing the hypersensitive reaction than those from the incompatible race. The anionic glucan was more active than the non-anionic glucan. Crude elicitors from races 4 and 1234 lost terpenoid-eliciting activity when mixed with a microsomal fraction prepared from potato tuber tissue. The glucans from the compatible race, but not the incompatible race, markedly reduced the loss resulting from the reaction between the crude elicitor and the microsomal fraction. The data suggest that the compatible interaction between potato tissue and P. infestans may be caused by a suppression of the hypersensitive response of the host tissue by water-soluble glucans from the fungus.
TL;DR: Sulfide precipitation with Na2S is found to be highly effective to obtain a high degree of separation of heavy metal cations (Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb) and oxyanions of arsenic and selenium from complex wastewaters as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Sulfide precipitation with Na2S is found to be highly effective to obtain a high degree of separation of heavy metal cations (Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb) and of the oxyanions of arsenic and selenium from complex wastewaters. The metal separation characteristics are evaluated with a dilute synthetic mixture and with an actual copper smelting plant wastewater. The overall separation of arsenic and other heavy metals and precipitate settling rates are optimum at sulfide dosages about 60% of the theoretical values and at a final pH greater than 8.0. The removals of Cd, Zn, and Cu from the actual wastewaters are greater than 99%, and As and Se removals are 98 and >92%, respectively. Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the range of 0.05 to 0.1 mg/1 can be achieved with sulfide precipitation. The metal separations and settling rates obtained with conventional hydroxide precipitation (lime) are considerably lower than those obtained with sulfide precipitation.
TL;DR: Multiple regression equations were derived from data for 6,351 Holsteins for first lactations and 17,978 later lactations found that within herds each day open between 40 and 140 days of lactation resulted in an average of 4.5kg less annual milk during current lactations of first-calf heifers and 8.6kg less for cows in later lactation.
TL;DR: The strength gains for Groups B and C were equivalent, suggesting that electrical stimulation combined with maximum isometric contractions has no greater effect on enhancing strength than does conventional static exercise.
Abstract: Thirty-seven healthy subjects took part in an investigation to determine if the application of electrical stimulation to normal muscle, in combination with exercise, augments strength. Subjects were divided into three groups. Grwoup A (n = 14) was a control group (no exercise, no electrical stimulation). Group B members (n = 11) engaged in 10 sessions of maximum isometric exercise, and Group C subjects (n = 12) performed 10 sessions of maximum isometric exercise while simultaneously receiving electrical stimulation. The knee extensor muscles of subjects in Groups B and C increased in strength. However, the strength gains for Groups B and C were equivalent, suggesting that electrical stimulation combined with maximum isometric contractions has no greater effect on enhancing strength than does conventional static exercise.
TL;DR: It was concluded that genetic differences in levels of nicotine and nornicotine were not due to differences in enzymic oxidation of these two precursors during alkaloid biosynthesis.
Abstract: Young plants of five Nicotiana tabacum L. genotypes were examined for activity of nicotine biosynthetic enzymes. Genotypes near isogenic except at two loci each with two alleles controlling nicotine level were used in a comparison of the four homozygous allelic combinations producing high, high intermediate, low intermediate, and low nicotine levels in a "Burley 21" background. Putrescine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.53) and quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.19) activities in root tissue of these four genotypes were proportional to leaf nicotine level, whereas N-methylputrescine oxidase activity in root tissue differed in proportion and ranking. Quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase activities in leaf tissue were lower than in roots, but no differences were found among the four genotypes. The homozygous recessive alleles at either locus affect levels of all three enzyme activities examined in roots. Each locus seems to be involved in regulation of nicotine metabolism, but whether directly as a regulatory locus or indirectly through the metabolic product of a structural locus is not known.No difference was observed between enzymic oxidation of putrescine and N-methylputrescine by leaf and root extracts of Burley 21 (a high nicotine, low nornicotine genotype) and a high nornicotine cultivar, "Robinson Medium Broadleaf." Putrescine was utilized as a substrate to a greater extent than N-methylputrescine by leaf extracts compared with root extracts of both cultivars. It was concluded that genetic differences in levels of nicotine and nornicotine were not due to differences in enzymic oxidation of these two precursors during alkaloid biosynthesis.
TL;DR: The use of piecewise quadratic polynomial approximations in the boundary integral equation method for the solution of boundary value problems involving Laplace's equation and certain Poisson equations is described in this paper.
TL;DR: A water-soluble fraction from mycelia of compatible race 1234 of Phytophthora infestans suppressed browning and terpenoids accumulation in potato discs inoculated with an incompatible race of the fungus or treated with elicitors of terpenoid accumulation.
Abstract: A water-soluble fraction from mycelia of compatible race 1234 of Phytophthora infestans suppressed browning and terpenoid accumulation in potato discs inoculated with an incompatible race of the fungus or treated with elicitors of terpenoid accumulation. A fraction from mycelia of incompatible race 4 was less active. The loss of electrolytes induced by an elicitor of terpenoid accumulation was markedly suppressed by the fraction isolated from the compatible race. The fraction isolated from the incompatible race was less active.