Showing papers by "University of Kentucky published in 1985"
TL;DR: The successful growth and development of surgically transplanted endometrial tissue in the rat offers a research model that can be used to study those aspects of endometriosis that cannot be adequately investigated in women.
403 citations
TL;DR: The new genus and species, Oxalobacter formigenes, are inhabitants of the rumen and also of the large bowel of man and other animals where their actions in destruction of oxalic acid may be of considerable importance to the host.
Abstract: This report describes a new group of anaerobic bacteria that degrade oxalic acid. The new genus and species, Oxalobacter formigenes, are inhabitants of the rumen and also of the large bowel of man and other animals where their actions in destruction of oxalic acid may be of considerable importance to the host. Isolates from the rumen of a sheep, the cecum of a pig, and from human feces were all similar Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic rods, but differences between isolates in cellular fatty acid composition and in serologic reaction were noted. Measurements made with type strain OxB indicated that 1 mol of protons was consumed per mol of oxalate degraded to produce approximately 1 mol of CO2 and 0.9 mol of formate. Substances that replaced oxalate as a growth substrate were not found.
394 citations
TL;DR: Determination of lung MPO is a relatively simple quantitative method that can be used to detect pulmonary leukostasis and is correlated with intravascular intrapulmonary granulocytes.
Abstract: Pulmonary leukostasis can be associated with acute lung injury. We studied lung peroxidase activity using myeloperoxidase (MPO) as a granulocyte marker to quantitate pulmonary leukostasis in rabbits. Lungs were homogenized in detergent, freeze-thawed, sonified, and centrifuged, and supernatants were assayed for MPO. Seven extractions were performed, and greater than 80% of cumulative MPO was found in the first three extractions. By use of a three-extraction procedure, the mean lung MPO (delta A X min-1 X g tissue-1) was determined in normal [20.9 +/- 5.2 (SE)], granulocyte-depleted (6.5 +/- 2.0), saline-injected (22.2 +/- 5.6), and pneumococcus (PNC)-challenged (69.7 +/- 10.6) animals. Lung MPO was significantly decreased in granulocyte-depleted compared with normal animals (P less than 0.005) and significantly increased in PNC-challenged compared with saline-injected animals (P less than 0.001). MPO extracted from granulocytes and lungs from normal as well as PNC-challenged animals were all biochemically identical. Lung extract did not inhibit MPO, and no MPO was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from leukostatic lungs. Lung MPO significantly (P less than 0.01) correlated with intravascular intrapulmonary granulocytes. Determination of lung MPO is a relatively simple quantitative method that can be used to detect pulmonary leukostasis.
359 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, causal models of the learning process implied in Akers' (1977) social learning theory for the initiation and maintenance of adolescent cigarette smoking were specified. But they did not consider the effect of social and nonsocial reinforcement on smoking.
Abstract: We specify causal models of the learning process implied in Akers’ (1977) social learning theory for the initiation and maintenance of adolescent cigarette smoking. Path analyses of data from a three-year panel study of junior and senior high school students indicate that the theory is more effective in accounting for maintenance (or cessation) of cigarette smoking than in explaining initiation to cigarette smoking. Most important, our measures of social and nonsocial reinforcement mediate the effect of differential association on smoking as social learning theory predicts.
225 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that nicotine and its rewarding effects as measured by CPP are primarily mediated by central rather than peripheral events.
Abstract: Rats received subcutaneous injections of either nicotine (0.1 to 1.2 mg/kg) or saline (1.0 ml/kg) immediately prior to conditioning sessions in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. The drug was paired for 3 conditioning sessions with the non-preferred environment of a 3 compartment place preference apparatus; saline was paired with the preferred environment. The animals were then tested for place preference by determining the proportion of time spent in the preferred compartments during a 15 min test session. Using a statistical method developed for the CPP paradigm, dose-response curves were obtained for the obtained from the control animals. Nicotine's rewarding and aversive effects were linearly correlated with respect to dosage within the range of 0.1–0.8 mg/kg (reward increased and aversion decreased). A decrease in reward and an increase in aversion was measured at the 1.2 mg/kg treatment level. Mecamylamine hydrochloride and hexamethonium bromide (at 1.0 mg/kg of the base or ion, respectively) were also tested using the CPP paradigm. While neither compound produced place preferences when administered alone, mecamylamine did block the rewarding effects of 0.8 mg/kg of nicotine when administered 30 minutes prior to the nicotine conditioning sessions. Hexamethonium did not alter nicotine-induced reinforcement. The data suggest that nicotine and its rewarding effects as measured by CPP are primarily mediated by central rather than peripheral events.
205 citations
TL;DR: Development, survival, adult longevity, daily ovipositional rate, and fecundity of Orius insidiosus (Say), a predaceous anthocorid bug, were studied by comparing effects on those biological functions of 13 selected diets.
Abstract: Development, survival, adult longevity, daily ovipositional rate, and fecundity of Orius insidiosus (Say), a predaceous anthocorid bug, were studied by comparing effects on those biological functions of 13 selected diets. Diets included, singly or in combination, two types of plant material (pollen or green beans) and three types of arthropod prey ( Heliothis virescens (F.), Sericothrips variabilis (Beach), or Tetranychus urticae Koch). Free water was provided with all diets. The predator successfully completed nymphal development on pollen alone ( Acer spp.) with 91.2% of the cohort surviving to the adult stage, but none developed beyond the second instar on green beans alone. Development was significantly faster on diets containing arthropod prey than on diets lacking prey. Adult longevity was greater on a diet of pollen alone or any diet containing H. virescens eggs than on any diet containing S. variabilis. Fecundity was higher on the three diets containing H. virescens eggs. The plant-feeding habits of Orius spp., Nabis spp., and Geocoris spp. are compared.
203 citations
01 Jan 1985
195 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is hypothesized that high unemployment is associated with low absenteeism for two reasons: (1) when unemployment is high, layoffs are high and workers laid off are more likely to have been absence-prone than retained workers, and (2) currently employed workers, fearing job loss, will avoid absences to decrease their chances of becoming unemployed.
191 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that at least a part--and possibly the entire pathway--from phenylalanine to flavonoids is membrane (endoplasmic reticulum) associated, and that this metabolism is facilitated by a multienzyme complex.
187 citations
TL;DR: Etude du rayonnement et de la diffusion d'ondes elastiques par des obstacles de forme arbitraire as discussed by the authors, a.k.a.
Abstract: Etude du rayonnement et de la diffusion d'ondes elastiques par des obstacles de forme arbitraire
182 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that these nerves may influence hemodynamic events and non-vascular smooth muscle in such functions as transport of sperm and ova and parturition.
Abstract: Location, distribution and density of nerve fibers immunoreactive to neuropeptide tyrosine, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P were studied in the reproductive tract of the female rat and compared with acetylcholinesterase-positive ("cholinergic") and noradrenergic nerves. Plexuses of all types of fibers were present in the vagina, uterine cervix, uterine horn and oviduct. In the tubular reproductive organs all of these types of nerve fibers appeared to innervate vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle and nearly all types of fibers formed plexuses subjacent to the epithelium lining the organs. Individual fibers of all classes appeared to innervate fascicles of smooth muscle in the mesometrium of the uterine horn. A few acetylcholinesterase-positive and substance P-immunoreactive fibers were present in the ovary but no vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves were observed. Noradrenergic and neuropeptide tyrosine-immunoreactive nerves were numerous in the ovary where they were seen in the interstitial gland tissue and associated with follicles and blood vessels. It is suggested that these nerves may influence hemodynamic events and non-vascular smooth muscle in such functions as transport of sperm and ova and parturition. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers are likely to be sensory fibers that could have roles in neurohormonal reflexes.
TL;DR: It is indicated that a consistently high percentage of patients with Grade III ankle sprains sustain a significant injury to both motor nerves in the leg and that rehabilitation time is markedly prolonged.
Abstract: Nerve injuries associated with inversion sprains of the ankle have been mentioned in the literature on a case presentation basis only. Sixty-six consecutive patients with Grade II (30) and Grade III (36) ankle sprains were examined by electromyography 2 weeks after injury to determine the presence and distribution of nerve injuries. Ankle active range of motion (AROM) and the number of weeks postinjury when the patient could heel/toe walk and return to full activity were also noted. Five patients (17%) with Grade II sprains had mild peroneal nerve injury and three (10%) injured the tibial nerve. Clinical measurements were normal by the end of the second week. Thirty-one patients (86%) with Grade III sprains injured their peroneal nerve, while 30 (83%) incurred posterior tibial nerve injury. Ankle AROM was impaired, and heel/toe walking (5.1 weeks) and return to full activity (5.3 weeks) were markedly prolonged. The likely cause of this injury is considered to be a mild nerve traction or a hematoma in the epineural sheath at the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve into peroneal and posterior tibial branches. This report indicates that a consistently high percentage of patients with Grade III ankle sprains sustain a significant injury to both motor nerves in the leg and that rehabilitation time is markedly prolonged.
TL;DR: The presence of an endophytic fungus, Acremonium coenophialum, in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) deterred aphid feeding by Rhopalosiphum padi and Schizaphis graminum as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The presence of an endophytic fungus, Acremonium coenophialum, in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) deterred aphid feeding by Rhopalosiphum padi and Schizaphis graminum. Both species of aphid were unable to survive when confined to endophyte-infected tall fescue plants. Feeding deterrents and toxic factors to R. padi and Oncopeltus fasciatus, large milkweed bug, were primarily associated with a methanol extract obtained when endophyte-infected tall fescue seed was serially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The concentrations of pyrrolizidine alkaloids were determined to be 30 to 100 times greater in the methanol extract than in the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts.
TL;DR: The molecular weight of undissociated, biologically active TVMV or PVY HC, as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-gel permeation chromatography was found to be between 100K and 150K, suggesting that the active molecule is a dimer.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored radiative transfer in three-dimensional enclosures where absorption and scattering coefficients due to combustion particles and gases were allowed to vary within the medium, which made it useful for applications to realistic furnaces and different types of high-temperature systems.
Abstract: Our 1985 paper (JQSRT 1985; 33: 533–549) reported the result of the research we conducted back then to better understand heat transfer processes in large-scale combustion chambers, especially in pulverized coal-fired furnaces. It was one of the first works exploring radiative transfer in three-dimensional enclosures where absorption and scattering coefficients due to combustion particles and gases were allowed to vary within the medium. This flexibility of the mathematical model made it useful for applications to realistic furnaces and different types of high-temperature systems. This note briefly discusses the motivation behind the paper and the immediate extension of the idea to different systems.
TL;DR: A shape descriptor has been developed which can describe a shape independent of its translation, rotation, and scaling and, in this technique, shape discrimination is possible by a simple EXCLUSIVE-OR operation on shape descriptions.
Abstract: A shape descriptor has been developed which can describe a shape independent of its translation, rotation, and scaling. The description is in the form of a matrix and it is obtained by a polar quantization of a shape. The quantization process takes into consideration not only a shape's outer geometry but its inner geometry as well. The descriptor is information preserving and if the quantization parameters are selected properly, it is possible to reconstruct an original shape from its description. In this technique, shape discrimination is possible by a simple EXCLUSIVE-OR operation on shape descriptions.
TL;DR: A rotationally invariant template matching using normalized invariant moments and a speedup technique based on the idea of two-stage template matching are described.
Abstract: A rotationally invariant template matching using normalized invariant moments is described. It is shown that if normalized invariant moments in circular windows are used, then template matching in rotated images becomes similar to template matching in translated images. A speedup technique based on the idea of two-stage template matching is also described. In this technique, the zeroth-order moment is used in the first stage to determine the likely match positions, and the second and third-order moments are used in the second stage to determine the best match position among the likely ones.
TL;DR: For some time, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Abstract: For some time, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has been conspicuous among major crops in lacking an in vitro regeneration system. This deficiency has precluded the application of many nonconventional techniques of crop improvement (See Abelson, 1983; Lea and Stewart, 1984; Hildebrand et al., 1985 for reviews). Although soybean is recalcitrant in vitro, some wild Glycine species are more responsive. Of these, Glycine canescens F. J. Herm appears most amenable; shoot production has been obtained from hypocotyl (Kameya and Widholm, 1981; Widholm and Rick, 1983), cotyledon (Widholm and Rick, 1983; Grant, 1984), leaf and flower tissues (Lazzeri, Hildebrand and Collins, unpublished) and also from protoplasts (Newell and Luu, 1985; Myers, Lazzeri and Collins, unpublished). Shoot regeneration has also been reported in two other wild species, G. tomentella Mayata (Kameya and Widholm, 1981) and G.clandestina Wendl. (Hymowitz et al., 1986).
TL;DR: This article examined the notion that many of the problems evidenced by poor readers are related to their passive response to the interactive task of reading and found that the majority of poor readers respond passively to reading.
Abstract: This paper examines the notion that many of the problems evidenced by poor readers are related to their passive response to the interactive task of reading. An integrative review of research in met...
01 Sep 1985
TL;DR: Algorithms for matching two sets of points in a plane and a subset selection method is given in order to reduce the search domain.
Abstract: Algorithms for matching two sets of points in a plane are given. These algorithms search in the parameter space and find the transformation parameters that can match the most points in two sets. Since an exhaustive search for the best parameters is not affordable as the number of points in the sets become large, a subset selection method is given in order to reduce the search domain. Subsets are chosen as points on the boundary of the convex hulls of the sets. The algorithms are tested on generated and real data, and their performance is compared.
TL;DR: In this paper, a boundary-layer solution for natural convection in rectangular enclosures containing a porous medium is presented, which is based on the modified Oseen technique, and the flow field is found to be governed by the parameter E = Ra 0 Da / A.
TL;DR: It is suggested that lymph‐vascular space invasion by tumor cells is an important prognostic variable in Stage I endometrial cancer which should be considered in treatment planning.
Abstract: and occurred most frequently in poorly differentiated tumors with deep myometrial penetration. Tumor recurrence developed in 44% of patients whose tumors demonstrated lymph-vascular space invasion as opposed to only 2% of patients without this finding (p < 0.001). Of seven patients with lymph-vascular space invasion who experienced tumor recurrence, five developed extra-pelvic metastases. Discriminant function analysis of these data revealed a statistically significant correlation between lymph-vascular space invasion and tumor recurrence, independent of histologic differentiation of myometrial penetration. These findings suggest that lymph-vascular space invasion by tumor cells is an important prognostic variable in Stage I endometrial cancer which should be considered in treatment planning. Cancer 55:1753-1757, 1985. ARCINOMA OF THE ENDOMETRIIJM remains the C most common invasive gynecologic malignancy in the United States with over 39,000 new cases predicted to be diagnosed during the present year.' Although the majority of endometrial cancer patients present with Stage I disease, a significant number of these patients experience tumor recurrence. In many cases, tumor control is achieved locally but the patient dies of extrapelvic metastases. Much effort has been directed toward the identification of prognostic factors which can be used to define those patients with early stage disease who are at high risk for the development of recurrent cancer. Such factors include age, cell type, histologic differentiation, and myometrial Recent evi
TL;DR: A framework for the development of globally defined descent algorithms for the minimization of non-differentiable objective functions and the global convergence properties of the Cauchy, Modified Newton, Gauss—Newton, and Variable-Metric methods are established.
Abstract: We present a framework for the development of globally defined descent algorithms for the minimization of non-differentiable objective functionsF := h o f withh convex. Within our structure the global convergence properties of the Cauchy, Modified Newton, Gauss--Newton, and Variable-Metric methods are easily established along with that of several new approaches. Examples illustrating the calculational techniques are provided.
TL;DR: Investigation of the nucleus tractus solitarii of the cat provides immunohistochemical evidence of GABA's localization in an autonomic nucleus involved in cardiovascular regulation.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that aequorin is a member of the Ca(II) binding protein superfamily and possesses three internally homologous domains which were judged to be EF-hand Ca( II) binding domains by several different criteria.
Abstract: The Ca(II)-dependent photoprotein aequorin produces the luminescence of the marine coelenterate Aequorea victoria. The complete amino acid sequence of aequorin has been determined. A complete set of nonoverlapping peptides was produced by cyanogen bromide cleavage. These peptides were aligned by using the amino-terminal sequence of the intact protein and the sequences of selected arginyl and lysyl cleavage products. Although the aequorin preparations employed in these studies were homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the presence of a minimum of 3 isotypes was demonstrated by the location of 17 sites of sequence microheterogeneity. Two amino acid variants were observed at each of 16 positions while 1 position had 3 different replacements. The protein as isolated has 189 amino acids with an unblocked amino terminus. According to the sequence reported here, the molecular weight of the apoprotein is 21 459 while that of the holoprotein is 21 914. The molecule possesses three internally homologous domains which were judged to be EF-hand Ca(II) binding domains by several different criteria. Aequorin is homologous to troponin C and to calmodulin. These findings demonstrate that aequorin is a member of the Ca(II) binding protein superfamily.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the hepatic vagus nerve plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion, consistent with the hypothesis that afferent fibers in this nerve exert a tonic inhibition on the brainstem centers of an efferent vagal pancreatic neuroendocrine system.
Abstract: Despite considerable evidence that vagal neural efferent pathways between brainstem and pancreatic islets may alter the secretion of insulin, afferent pathways which might affect this system have received little attention. In the present work we have examined the effects on plasma insulin concentration of several treatments designed to alter the neural activity of the hepatic vagus nerve, a major afferent pathway between the liver and the medulla. The hepatic vagus nerve was acutely sectioned or stimulated electrically in separate experiments in rats. In a third experiment, glucose or 3-O-methylglucose was given ip to stimulate or inhibit, respectively, the hypothetical hepatic glucoreceptors. The effects of these treatments were assessed by measuring arterial or portal plasma insulin concentrations. Anesthesia and its possible secondary inhibitory effects on insulin secretion were avoided by a spinal sectioning of the rats in the cervical region, before experimentation. Acute section of the hepatic vagus nerve between the liver and the main anterior vagal trunk caused an increase in both arterial and portal plasma insulin concentrations. Stimulation of the central end of the nerve suppressed the concentration of the hormone in both the arterial and portal plasma relative to sham-stimulated controls. Section of the celiac vagal branches to the pancreas abolished these changes. Intraperitoneal glucose enhanced arterial insulin more in sham-vagotomized than in hepatic-vagotomized rats. After 3-O-methylglucose was given ip, the response was the opposite: insulin rose more in the arterial plasma of the hepatic-vagotomized animals than in those sham vagotomized. These results suggest that the hepatic vagus nerve plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion. They are consistent with the hypothesis that afferent fibers in this nerve exert a tonic inhibition on the brainstem centers of an efferent vagal pancreatic neuroendocrine system.
TL;DR: In this paper, it has been argued that the exploitation of athletes depends on the structure of the labor market in professional sports, and that the same phenomenon has occurred in basketball, with salaries rising to the level of MRP when players were given virtually unlimited freedom to negotiate.
Abstract: A large percentage of sports fans and the general public consider professional athletes to be overpaid. Of course, given their unique skills and abilities, athletes' salaries are high compared to other vocations. The relevant concept of overpayment, however, is in relation to a player's worth to his team. The fan or observer who recognizes that high salaries may in fact reflect players' abilities and contributions to team success, both on the playing surface and at the bank, is probably in the minority. In this paper, it has been argued that the exploitation of athletes depends on the structure of the labor market in professional sports. Despite their high salaries, professional athletes have not always (and some still do not) enjoyed a privilege available to both fans and owners — the privilege of selling their skills to the highest bidder. Previous studies have concluded that restrictions on baseball players' mobility depressed their salaries belowMRP's, and that removal of these restrictions resulted in salaries reflecting a player's value to his team. In this paper, it has been found that the same phenomenon has occurred in basketball, with salaries rising to the level ofMRP when players were given virtually unlimited freedom to negotiate. In addition, no significant evidence of racial discrimination was found in the NBA. The labor market in professional basketball might thus serve as a role model for baseball and football.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the abilities of six alternative gratification/expectancy value models to predict satisfaction with television news and found that the results of correlational and hierarchical regression analysis emphasize the important influence of gratifications obtained from the television news experience on viewer satisfaction levels.
Abstract: A largely neglected variable in mass media theory and research is media satisfaction. This is particularly true of uses and gratifications research, where the concept is mentioned frequently but few attempts have been made at operationalization. This study compares the abilities of six alternative gratification/expectancy‐value models to predict satisfaction with television news. The results of correlational and hierarchical regression analysis emphasize the important influence of gratifications obtained from the television news experience on viewer satisfaction levels. They also reveal the weakness of GS‐GO discrepancy models as compared to more straightforward gratification/expectancy‐value models.
01 Jan 1985