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Showing papers by "University of Kentucky published in 2001"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale as mentioned in this paper was developed to identify four distinct personality facets associated with impulsive-like behavior which were labeled urgency, lack of premeditation, pre-emption, and perseverance.

3,440 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an attitudinal model is developed and empirically tested integrating constructs from technology acceptance research and constructs derived from models of web behavior, and two distinct categories of the interactive shopping environment support the differential importance of immersive, hedonic aspects of the new media as well as the more traditional utilitarian motivations.

2,888 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a field study was conducted in which 124 executives from non-affiliated, non-diversified firms who were actively involved in strategic decision making at the top level of the firm.

2,598 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By Luigi Ambrosio, Nicolo Fucso and Diego Pallara: 434 pp.
Abstract: By Luigi Ambrosio, Nicolo Fucso and Diego Pallara: 434 pp., £55.00, isbn 0-19-850254-1 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2000).

1,904 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A brief, up-to-date overview of the literature on the basics of normal salivary composition, flow, and function is provided.
Abstract: An adequate supply of saliva is critical to the preservation and maintenance of oral tissue. Clinicians often do not value the many benefits of saliva until quantities are decreased. Much is written on the subject of salivary hypofunction, but little attention is paid to normal salivary flow and function. This article is a brief, up-to-date overview of the literature on the basics of normal salivary composition, flow, and function. A review of the literature was conducted using MEDLINE and Healthstar (1944 through 1999); articles were selected for inclusion on the basis of relevance and significance to the clinician.

1,796 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nephrectomy followed by interferon therapy results in longer survival among patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer than does interferons therapy alone.
Abstract: Background The value of nephrectomy in metastatic renal-cell cancer has long been debated. Several nonrandomized studies suggest a higher rate of response to systemic therapy and longer survival in patients who have undergone nephrectomy. Methods We randomly assigned patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer who were acceptable candidates for nephrectomy to undergo radical nephrectomy followed by therapy with interferon alfa-2b or to receive interferon alfa-2b therapy alone. The primary end point was survival, and the secondary end point was a response of the tumor to treatment. Results The median survival of 120 eligible patients assigned to surgery followed by interferon was 11.1 months, and among the 121 eligible patients assigned to interferon alone it was 8.1 months (P=0.05). The difference in median survival between the two groups was independent of performance status, metastatic site, and the presence or absence of a measurable metastatic lesion. Conclusions Nephrectomy followed by interferon ther...

1,547 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The preparation of two functionalized pentacene derivatives, and the effect of this functionalization on both the solid-state ordering and the electronic properties of the resulting crystals is reported.
Abstract: Molecular order has proven to be a significant factor in the performance of devices based on organic semiconductors. Recent studies involving solubilized versus unsubstituted thiophene oligomers have demonstrated that modifications which increase orbital overlap in the solid state can improve device performance by more than an order of magnitude. 1 Similar studies on pentacene, a compound which has already demonstrated remarkable potential for device applications, 2 have also focused on maximizing orbital overlap by inducing order in films. 3 However, these pentacene studies have thus far relied on substrate modification, rather than on pentacene functionalization, 4 to achieve the desired goals. We report here the preparation of two functionalized pentacene derivatives, and the effect of this functionalization on both the solid-state ordering and the electronic properties of the resulting crystals. Our goal for a functionalized pentacene was two-fold: First, the substituents should impart solubility to the acene, to simplify purification and processing. Second, the substituents should induce some capability for self-assembly of the aromatic moieties into ﷿-stacked arrays to enhance intermolecular orbital overlap. We anticipated that both of these goals could be accomplished by exploiting a rigid spacer to hold the necessarily bulky solubilizing groups well away from the aromatic core, allowing the closest possible contact between the aromatic rings. 5 Our initial targets were the bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacenes 1 and 2. Both of these compounds are easily prepared in near quantitative yield in a one-pot reaction from 6,13-pentacenequinone and 5,14pentacenequinone, respectively. 6

1,211 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examines how different personality types create and benefit from social networks in organizations using data from a 116-member high-technology firm to test how self-monitoring orientation and network position related to work performance.
Abstract: This article examines how different personality types create and benefit from social networks in organizations. Using data from a 116-member high-technology firm, we tested how self-monitoring orie...

1,170 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Five years after completing structured weight-loss programs, the average individual maintained a weight loss of >3 kg and a reduced weight of <3% of initial body weight.

1,157 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Over two years, a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial found no difference between aspirin and warfarin in the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke or death or in the rate of major hemorrhage.
Abstract: Background Despite the use of antiplatelet agents, usually aspirin, in patients who have had an ischemic stroke, there is still a substantial rate of recurrence. Therefore, we investigated whether warfarin, which is effective and superior to aspirin in the prevention of cardiogenic embolism, would also prove superior in the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with a prior noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. Methods In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial, we compared the effect of warfarin (at a dose adjusted to produce an international normalized ratio of 1.4 to 2.8) and that of aspirin (325 mg per day) on the combined primary end point of recurrent ischemic stroke or death from any cause within two years. Results The two randomized study groups were similar with respect to base-line risk factors. In the intention-to-treat analysis, no significant differences were found between the treatment groups in any of the outcomes measured. The primary end point of death or recurrent ischemi...

1,106 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Interim CIGTS outcomes do not support altering current treatment approaches to open-angle glaucoma, and aggressive treatment aimed at substantial reduction in IOP from baseline is used, loss of VF can be seen to be minimal in general.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current research on phospholipid peroxidation, as well as protein and DNA oxidation, in AD brain, are summarized, and the potential role of Abeta in this oxidative stress is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance by examining how change in CSP is related to change in financial accounting measures.
Abstract: Stakeholder theory provides a framework for investigating the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance. This relationship is investigated by examining how change in CSP is related to change in financial accounting measures. The findings provide some support for a tenet in stakeholder theory which asserts that the dominant stakeholder group, shareholders, financially benefit when management meets the demands of multiple stakeholders. Specifically, change in CSP was positively associated with growth in sales for the current and subsequent year. This indicates that there are short-term benefits from improving CSP. Return on sales was significantly positively related to change in CSP for the third financial period, indicating that long-term financial benefits may exist when CSP is improved.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a supplemental perspective based on organizational social capital for examining the voluntary turnover-organizational performance relationship, and highlight areas of correspondence and divergence among the various perspectives, discuss implications for various performance measures, and outline several research directions.
Abstract: We propose a supplemental perspective, based on organizational social capital, for examining the voluntary turnover-organizational performance relationship. We view existing organizational-level theories as those focusing on cost or human capital issues or, rarely, on a balance among these factors. But rapid changes in the nature of work, organizational structures, and interorganizational competitiveness increase the importance of studying the role of social capital in the voluntary turnover-organizational performance relationship. We highlight areas of correspondence and divergence among the various perspectives, discuss implications for various performance measures, and outline several research directions.

Journal ArticleDOI
29 Nov 2001-Nature
TL;DR: The weak CPD sites in Sic1 establish a phosphorylation threshold that delays degradation in vivo, and thereby establishes a minimal G1 phase period needed to ensure proper DNA replication.
Abstract: SCF ubiquitin ligases target phosphorylated substrates for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis by means of adapter subunits called F-box proteins. The F-box protein Cdc4 captures phosphorylated forms of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Sic1 for ubiquitination in late G1 phase, an event necessary for the onset of DNA replication. The WD40 repeat domain of Cdc4 binds with high affinity to a consensus phosphopeptide motif (the Cdc4 phospho-degron, CPD), yet Sic1 itself has many sub-optimal CPD motifs that act in concert to mediate Cdc4 binding. The weak CPD sites in Sic1 establish a phosphorylation threshold that delays degradation in vivo, and thereby establishes a minimal G1 phase period needed to ensure proper DNA replication. Multisite phosphorylation may be a more general mechanism to set thresholds in regulated protein–protein interactions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Proteasome activity in short‐postmortem‐interval autopsied brains from 16 Alzheimer's disease and nine age‐ and sex‐matched controls is analyzed to indicate a possible role for proteasome inhibition in the neurodegeneration associated with AD.
Abstract: Inhibition of proteasome activity is sufficient to induce neuron degeneration and death; however, altered proteasome activity in a neurodegenerative disorder has not been demonstrated. In the present study, we analyzed proteasome activity in short-postmortem-interval autopsied brains from 16 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and nine age- and sex-matched controls. A significant decrease in proteasome activity was observed in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus (48%), superior and middle temporal gyri (38%), and inferior parietal lobule (28%) of AD patients compared with controls. In contrast, no significant decrease in proteasome activity was observed in either the occipital lobe or the cerebellum. The loss of proteasome activity was not associated with a decrease in proteasome expression, suggesting that the proteasome may become inhibited in AD by a posttranslational modification. Together, these data indicate a possible role for proteasome inhibition in the neurodegeneration associated with AD.

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Oct 2001-Blood
TL;DR: Data indicate that primitive AML cells aberrantly express NF-kappaB and that the presence of this factor may provide unique opportunities to preferentially ablate LSCs.

PatentDOI
TL;DR: These findings establish the feasability of using nanotubes as substrates for nerve cell growth and as probes of neuronal function at the nanometer scale.
Abstract: A cell and substrate system and nerve regeneration implant are disclosed including a carbon nanotube and a neuron growing on the carbon nanotube. Both unfunctionalized carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes functionalized with a neuronal growth promoting agent may be utilized in the invention. A method is also disclosed for promoting neuronal growth.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors comprehensively reviewed research assessing differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes to examine the possibility that ADHD/ combined type and ADHD/predominantly inattentive type are distinct and unrelated disorders.
Abstract: We comprehensively reviewed research assessing differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes to examine the possibility that ADHD/ combined type (ADHD/C) and ADHD/predominantly inattentive type (ADHD/I) are distinct and unrelated disorders. Differences among subtypes were examined along dimensions identified as being important in documenting the distinctiveness of two disorders. These include essential and associated features, demographics, measures of cognitive and neuropsychological functioning, family history, treatment response, and prognosis. Important differences among subtypes were found in several areas of study, supporting the conclusion that ADHD/C and ADHD/I may best be characterized as distinct disorders. We identify major limitations of the available research and present future directions for research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define strategy as a sequence of competitive actions carried out over time, and develop and test a dynamic process model of competitive interaction among firms based on a sample of firms.
Abstract: By defining strategy as a sequence of competitive actions carried out over time, I develop and test a dynamic process model of competitive interaction among firms. Results based on a sample of thou...

Journal ArticleDOI
20 Sep 2001-Nature
TL;DR: The presence of an electronic inhomogeneity is reported in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x, a consequence of proximity to a Mott insulator resulting in poor screening of the charge potentials associated with the oxygen ions left in the BiO plane after doping, and is indicative of the local nature of the superconducting state.
Abstract: The parent compounds of the copper oxide high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors are unusual insulators (so-called Mott insulators). Superconductivity arises when they are 'doped' away from stoichiometry. For the compound Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x, doping is achieved by adding extra oxygen atoms, which introduce positive charge carriers ('holes') into the CuO2 planes where the superconductivity is believed to originate. Aside from providing the charge carriers, the role of the oxygen dopants is not well understood, nor is it clear how the charge carriers are distributed on the planes. Many models of high-Tc superconductivity accordingly assume that the introduced carriers are distributed uniformly, leading to an electronically homogeneous system as in ordinary metals. Here we report the presence of an electronic inhomogeneity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x, on the basis of observations using scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy. The inhomogeneity is manifested as spatial variations in both the local density of states spectrum and the superconducting energy gap. These variations are correlated spatially and vary on the surprisingly short length scale of approximately 14 A. Our analysis suggests that this inhomogeneity is a consequence of proximity to a Mott insulator resulting in poor screening of the charge potentials associated with the oxygen ions left in the BiO plane after doping, and is indicative of the local nature of the superconducting state.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of multiwavelength laser excitation Raman scattering spectroscopy and solution-phase visible and near-infrared spectroscopies was used to characterize the library of carbon nanotubes produced in current preparations.
Abstract: Full-length single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were rendered soluble in common organic solvents by noncovalent (ionic) functionalization of the carboxylic acid groups present in the purified SWNTs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the majority of the SWNTs ropes were exfoliated into small ropes (2−5 nm in diameter) and individual nanotubes with lengths of several micrometers during the dissolution process. The combination of multiwavelength laser excitation Raman scattering spectroscopy and solution-phase visible and near-infrared spectroscopies was used to characterize the library of SWNTs that is produced in current preparations. The average diameter of metallic nanotubes was found by Raman spectroscopy to be smaller than that of semiconducting nanotubes in the various types of full-length SWNT preparations. This observation sheds new light on the mechanism of SWNT formation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an updated and in-depth review of some of the most exciting and important developments in the processing and properties of carbon nanotubes, including their mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties.
Abstract: The goal of this article is to provide an updated and in-depth review of some of the most exciting and important developments in the processing and properties of carbon nanotubes. Nanotubes can be formed in various structures using several different processing methods. The synthesis methods used to produce specific kinds of nanotubes are discussed and a comparison is made between the methods used by researchers and industrial producers. This is followed by an overview and discussion of what makes carbon nanotubes interesting to so many: their mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. The article ends with a discussion of the future outlook for the study of carbon nanotubes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the gas sensing behavior of both capacitance and resistance based sensors employing multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as the active sensing element was studied.
Abstract: Impedance spectroscopy was used to study the gas sensing behavior of both capacitance and resistance based sensors employing multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as the active sensing element. Studies revealed the chemisorption of reducing gases upon the surface of the MWNTs. Increasing sensor impedance was observed with increasing humidity or partial pressures of ammonia, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The impedance changes are attributed to p-type conductivity in semiconducting MWNTs, and the formation of Schottky barriers between the metallic and semiconducting nanotubes. Reversible behavior is demonstrated for the MWNT sensors in response to humidity, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The MWNT sensors strongly respond to ammonia behaving as dosimeters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results clearly establish that the ERα subtype is a critical mechanistic link in mediating the protective effects of physiological levels of estradiol in brain injury and carry far-reaching implications for the selective targeting of ERs in the treatment and prevention of neural dysfunction associated with normal aging or brain injury.
Abstract: Estradiol protects against brain injury, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Our previous work demonstrates that physiological levels of estradiol protect against stroke injury and that this protection may be mediated through receptor-dependent alterations of gene expression. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that estrogen receptors play a pivotal role in mediating neuroprotective actions of estradiol and dissected the potential biological roles of each estrogen receptor (ER) subtype, ERα and ERβ, in the injured brain. To investigate and delineate these mechanisms, we used ERα-knockout (ERαKO) and ERβ-knockout (ERβKO) mice in an animal model of stroke. We performed our studies by using a controlled endocrine paradigm, because endogenous levels of estradiol differ dramatically among ERαKO, ERβKO, and wild-type mice. We ovariectomized ERαKO, ERβKO, and the respective wild-type mice and implanted them with capsules filled with oil (vehicle) or a dose of 17β-estradiol that produces physiological hormone levels in serum. One week later, mice underwent ischemia. Our results demonstrate that deletion of ERα completely abolishes the protective actions of estradiol in all regions of the brain; whereas the ability of estradiol to protect against brain injury is totally preserved in the absence of ERβ. Thus, our results clearly establish that the ERα subtype is a critical mechanistic link in mediating the protective effects of physiological levels of estradiol in brain injury. Our discovery that ERα mediates protection of the brain carries far-reaching implications for the selective targeting of ERs in the treatment and prevention of neural dysfunction associated with normal aging or brain injury.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that protective antioxidant gene responses are insufficient to counteract the increased oxidative damage of proteins in a vulnerable region of the AD brain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of 134 studies of optimal diet theory were reviewed to test hypotheses on factors that can explain variation in the ability of ODT to predict diets and diet shifts in response to changes in prey availability.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that oxidative stress-induced injury may involve the selective modification of different intracellular proteins, including key enzymes and structural proteins, which precedes and may lead to the neurofibrillary degeneration of neurons in the Alzheimer's disease brain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results support the contention that psychopathy can be understood as an extreme variant of common dimensions of personality, and underscore the utility of a dimensional model of personality disorders.
Abstract: The present study examined Widiger and Lynam’s (1998) hypothesis that psychopathy can be represented using the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Participants in the study consisted of 481 21–22 year old men and women who are part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Psychopathy was assessed by the degree of similarity between an individual’s NEO-PI-R and an expert-generated FFM psychopathy prototype. The expert-based prototype supported the account of Widiger and Lynam (1998), as did the correlations between the NEO-PI-R Psychopathy Resemblance Index (PRI) and the individual personality dimensions. The PRI was also related in predicted ways to measures of antisocial behavior, drug use, and psychopathology. The results support the contention that psychopathy can be understood as an extreme variant of common dimensions of personality, and underscore the utility of a dimensional model of personality disorders.