Showing papers by "University of Kentucky published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors made a critical summary of recent progress in the study of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in coal ash, including Si-Al glassy association, discrete minerals or compounds, and organic association.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a plasmid DNA encoding the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10 pDNA) and the chemotherapeutic drug betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) was encapsulated into biomimetic vector M2 exosomes (M2 Exo) derived from M2-type macrophages.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a plasmid DNA encoding the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10 pDNA) and the chemotherapeutic drug betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) was encapsulated into biomimetic vector M2 exosomes derived from M2-type macrophages.
44 citations
TL;DR: Biodiesel production can be achieved through different processes and different reactor types as well as varying reaction parameters such as catalyst dose, oil: alcohol ratio, reaction time, mixing intensity, free fatty acid content.
35 citations
TL;DR: A critical review that summarizes recent advances in microplastics research and emphasizes the need for regulatory frameworks devoted to MPs is presented in this article, which may be useful for reducing the proliferation of MPs in the environment.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on isolation and bio-functional properties of bioactive peptides derived from fruits and vegetables, and further canvasses the necessitation for the use of these food materials as primal matter for such.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the collaborative process that is underway to develop measures for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model, which has generated much interest in the literature.
Abstract: In this article, we describe the collaborative process that is underway to develop measures for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The HiTOP model has generated much interest in ...
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative analysis of the quality of the bio-oil produced was conducted for non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis using SCW in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor (BFR).
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the disadvantages of conventional data collection methods that use wireless sensor networks (WSNs) suffer from disadvantages such as deployment location limitation, geographical distance, as well as high construction a...
Abstract: Conventional data collection methods that use Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) suffer from disadvantages such as deployment location limitation, geographical distance, as well as high construction a...
28 citations
TL;DR: The HDL Proteome Watch Database as discussed by the authors is a collection of proteins associated with HDL, which is used to track proteomics studies from different laboratories across the world, and can offer interesting new insights into HDL function, such as immunity, inflammation, cell adhesion, hemostasis and protease regulation.
24 citations
Beihang University1, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology2, University of Kentucky3, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology4, Jiangxi Agricultural University5, Jiangsu University6, North China Electric Power University7, Shihezi University8, Harbin University of Science and Technology9
TL;DR: In this article, a phosphate bridged p-type LaFeO3 and n-type g-C3N4 nanosheets Z-scheme nanocomposites are successfully designed, and the interfacing of P-O with strong shuttling ability worked as linker and facilitator for photogenerated charge transfer and enhancement.
Abstract: In this novel study, phosphate bridged p-type LaFeO3 nanosheets and n-type g-C3N4 nanosheets Z-scheme nanocomposites are successfully designed. Herein, our results confirmed that LaFeO3 nanosheets and g-C3N4 nanosheets have excellent performances as compared to nanosized LaFeO3 and g-C3N4 nanoparticles respectively. Based on TEM, HRTEM with elemental mapping, XRD, DRS, XPS, TR-PL, FTIR, TPD, PEC, BET and FS spectra related to •OH amount have confirmed that the fabrication of g-C3N4 nanosheets has successfully enhanced the charge separation and enlarged the surface area of LaFeO3 nanosheets. Correspondingly, the interfacing of phosphate bridge (P-O) with strong shuttling ability worked as linker and facilitator for photogenerated charge transfer and enhancement. In contrast to pristine LaFeO3 nanosheets (LFONS), the amount optimized resulting 15CNNS-3P-LFONS nanocomposites have 6-fold and 3.5-fold improvement in activities for CO2 reduction and malachite green degradation respectively. Based on scavenger experiments related to active species and photocatalytic pollutants degradation pathway mechanism, it is confirmed that h+ and •O2- is the vital species for malachite green degradation. Finally, we believe that our current novel research studies will open a new gateway for the synthesis of p-LaFeO3 and n-g-C3N4 type based Z-scheme and its utilization for energy production and environmental remediation.
TL;DR: In this paper , a phosphate bridged p-type LaFeO3 and n-type g-C3N4 nanosheets Z-scheme nanocomposites are successfully designed, and the interfacing of P-O with strong shuttling ability worked as linker and facilitator for photogenerated charge transfer and enhancement.
Abstract: In this novel study, phosphate bridged p-type LaFeO3 nanosheets and n-type g-C3N4 nanosheets Z-scheme nanocomposites are successfully designed. Herein, our results confirmed that LaFeO3 nanosheets and g-C3N4 nanosheets have excellent performances as compared to nanosized LaFeO3 and g-C3N4 nanoparticles respectively. Based on TEM, HRTEM with elemental mapping, XRD, DRS, XPS, TR-PL, FTIR, TPD, PEC, BET and FS spectra related to •OH amount have confirmed that the fabrication of g-C3N4 nanosheets has successfully enhanced the charge separation and enlarged the surface area of LaFeO3 nanosheets. Correspondingly, the interfacing of phosphate bridge (P-O) with strong shuttling ability worked as linker and facilitator for photogenerated charge transfer and enhancement. In contrast to pristine LaFeO3 nanosheets (LFONS), the amount optimized resulting 15CNNS-3P-LFONS nanocomposites have 6-fold and 3.5-fold improvement in activities for CO2 reduction and malachite green degradation respectively. Based on scavenger experiments related to active species and photocatalytic pollutants degradation pathway mechanism, it is confirmed that h+ and •O2- is the vital species for malachite green degradation. Finally, we believe that our current novel research studies will open a new gateway for the synthesis of p-LaFeO3 and n-g-C3N4 type based Z-scheme and its utilization for energy production and environmental remediation.
TL;DR: The spirochete, which carries a relatively small genome, regulates the expression of a considerable number of genes required for the transitions between the tick vector and the vertebrate host as well as the adaptation to each.
Abstract: Borrelia (Borreliella) burgdorferi, along with closely related species, is the etiologic agent of Lyme disease. The spirochete subsists in an enzootic cycle that encompasses acquisition from a vertebrate host to a tick vector and transmission from a tick vector to a vertebrate host. To adapt to its environment and persist in each phase of its enzootic cycle, B. burgdorferi wields three systems to regulate the expression of genes: the RpoN-RpoS alternative sigma (σ) factor cascade, the Hk1/Rrp1 two-component system and its product c-di-GMP, and the stringent response mediated by RelBbu and DksA. These regulatory systems respond to enzootic phase-specific signals and are controlled or fine- tuned by transcription factors, including BosR and BadR, as well as small RNAs, including DsrABb and Bb6S RNA. In addition, several other DNA-binding and RNA-binding proteins have been identified, although their functions have not all been defined. Global changes in gene expression revealed by high-throughput transcriptomic studies have elucidated various regulons, albeit technical obstacles have mostly limited this experimental approach to cultivated spirochetes. Regardless, we know that the spirochete, which carries a relatively small genome, regulates the expression of a considerable number of genes required for the transitions between the tick vector and the vertebrate host as well as the adaptation to each.
TL;DR: In this paper , a growing body of evidence supports unidirectional regulation, with auxin emerging as the primary regulatory component, and this master regulatory role of auxin may not come as a surprise when viewed from an evolutionary perspective.
Abstract: The hormones auxin and cytokinin regulate numerous aspects of plant development and often act as an antagonistic hormone pair. One of the more striking examples of the auxin/cytokinin antagonism involves regulation of the shoot/root growth ratio in which cytokinin promotes shoot and inhibits root growth, whereas auxin does the opposite. Control of the shoot/root growth ratio is essential for the survival of terrestrial plants because it allows growth adaptations to water and mineral nutrient availability in the soil. Because a decrease in shoot growth combined with an increase in root growth leads to survival under drought stress and nutrient limiting conditions, it was not surprising to find that auxin promotes, while cytokinin reduces, drought stress tolerance and nutrient uptake. Recent data show that drought stress and nutrient availability also alter the cytokinin and auxin signaling and biosynthesis pathways and that this stress-induced regulation affects cytokinin and auxin in the opposite manner. These antagonistic effects of cytokinin and auxin suggested that each hormone directly and negatively regulates biosynthesis or signaling of the other. However, a growing body of evidence supports unidirectional regulation, with auxin emerging as the primary regulatory component. This master regulatory role of auxin may not come as a surprise when viewed from an evolutionary perspective.
TL;DR: Four major elements of the data collection process are identified and discussed, all linked with and dependent on the specific research question and objective: negotiating access to the organization; identifying the network’s boundary, the relevant formal organizational structures that affect social networks, and the sampling approach.
TL;DR: In this article , the bioactive material 58s bioactive glass was mixed into polycaprolactone to form PCL/bioactive glass composite material to improve the hydrophilicity of the scaffold.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used single-cell RNA-seq to identify macrophages as a source of matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) in muscle following a hypertrophic exercise stimulus in mice.
Abstract: The extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle plays an integral role in tissue development, structural support, and force transmission. For successful adaptation to mechanical loading, remodeling processes must occur. In a large cohort of older adults, transcriptomics revealed that genes involved in ECM remodeling, including matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), were the most upregulated following 14 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training (PRT). Using single-cell RNA-seq, we identified macrophages as a source of Mmp14 in muscle following a hypertrophic exercise stimulus in mice. In vitro contractile activity in myotubes revealed that the gene encoding cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is robustly upregulated and can stimulate Mmp14 expression in macrophages. Functional experiments confirmed that modulation of this muscle cell-macrophage axis facilitated Type I collagen turnover. Finally, changes in LIF expression were significantly correlated with MMP14 expression in humans following 14 weeks of PRT. Our experiments reveal a mechanism whereby muscle fibers influence macrophage behavior to promote ECM remodeling in response to mechanical loading.
TL;DR: This paper examined how political party affiliation relates to risk perception for one's own and other people's likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 illness and found that those identifying as more strongly Republican engaged in fewer preventive behaviors.
Abstract: Many US politicians have provided mixed messages about the risks posed by SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and whether and to what extent prevention practices should be put in place to prevent transmission. This politicization of the virus and pandemic may affect individuals' risk perceptions and willingness to take precautions. We examined how political party affiliation relates to risk perception for one's own and other people's likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 illness.We surveyed members of a nationally-representative, probability-sampling based survey panel (N = 410) to examine their risk perceptions, precautionary behaviors, and political party affiliation.The more strongly one identified as a Republican, the less risk one perceived to oneself from SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the less risk one perceived other people faced. Moreover, those identifying as more strongly Republican engaged in fewer preventive behaviors.This differential response may affect virus transmission patterns and poses a considerable challenge for health communications efforts.
TL;DR: In this article , a bio-caped and green g-C3N4 nanosheets based nanocomposites have been synthesized by utilizing Eriobotrya japonica as mediator and stabilizer agent.
Abstract: Very recently the green synthesis routes of nanomaterials have attracted massive attention as it overcome the sustainability concerns of conventional synthesis approaches. With this heed, in this novel research work we have synthesized the g-C3N4 nanosheets based nanocomposites by utilizing Eriobotrya japonica as mediator and stabilizer agent. Our designed bio-caped and green g-C3N4 nanosheets based nanocomposites have abundant organic functional groups, activated surface and strong adsorption capability which are very favorable for conversion CO2 into useful products and bisphenol A degradation. Beneficial to further upgrade the performances of g-C3N4 nanosheets, the resulting pristine g-C3N4 nanosheets are coupled with LaFeO3 nanosheets via SrO bridge. Based on our experimental results such as TEM, XRD, DRS, TPD, TGA, PL, PEC and FS spectra linked with OH amount it is confirmed that the biologically mediated green g-C3N4 nanosheets are eco-friendly, highly efficient and stable. Furthermore, the coupling of LaFeO3 nanosheets enlarged the surface area, enhanced the charge separation, while the insertion of SrO bridge worked as facilitator for electron transportation and photo-electron modulation. In contrast to pristine green g-C3N4 nanosheets (GCN), the activities of final resulting sample 6LFOS-(4SrO)-GCN are improved by 8.0 times for CO2 conversion (CH4 = 4.2, CO = 9.2 μmol g-1 h-1) and 2.5-fold for bisphenol A degradation (88%) respectively. More specifically, our current research work will open a new gateway to design cost effective, eco-friendly and biological inspired green nanomaterials for CO2 conversion and organic pollutants degradation which will further support the net zero carbon emission manifesto and the optimization of carbon neutrality level.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed semi-monthly groundwater data from three sites in northwestern China over a long period of time (2015-2020) by using statistical analyses, correlation analyses, and a correlation co-occurrence network method.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors define the on-shell correlator, which is a quantization of particle dynamics in curved spacetime, and derive a field theoretic derivation of the fundamental BCJ relations for the onshell correlators for bi-joint scalar theory and the nonlinear sigma model.
Abstract: A bstract We define a perturbatively calculable quantity — the on-shell correlator — which furnishes a unified description of particle dynamics in curved spacetime. Specializing to the case of flat and anti-de Sitter space, on-shell correlators coincide precisely with on-shell scattering amplitudes and boundary correlators, respectively. Remarkably, we find that symmetric manifolds admit a generalization of on-shell kinematics in which the corresponding momenta are literally the isometry generators of the spacetime acting on the external kinematic data. These isometric momenta are intrinsically non-commutative but exhibit on-shell conditions that are identical to those of flat space, thus providing a common language for computing and representing on-shell correlators which is agnostic about the underlying geometry. Afterwards, we compute tree-level on-shell correlators for biadjoint scalar (BAS) theory and the nonlinear sigma model (NLSM) and learn that color-kinematics duality is manifested at the level of fields under a mapping of the color algebra to the algebra of gauged isometries on the spacetime manifold. Last but not least, we present a field theoretic derivation of the fundamental BCJ relations for on-shell correlators following from the existence of certain conserved currents in BAS theory and the NLSM.
07 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explore mental fictionalism as a viable theoretical option, to show that it has advantages over other fictionalist views in the literature, as well as advantages over the other theories of mind.
Abstract: There is an uneasy tension between our ordinary talk about beliefs and desires and the ontological facts supported by neuroscience. Arguments for eliminative materialism can be fairly persuasive; yet, error theory about folk-psychological discourse may be unacceptable. One solution is to accept mental fictionalism: the view that we are (or should be) fictionalists about mentality. The aim in this chapter is to explore mental fictionalism as a viable theoretical option, to show that it has advantages over other fictionalist views in the literature, as well as advantages over other theories of mind. However, mental fictionalism faces particular objections that do not plague other fictionalist accounts, nor other theories of the mind. These objections may provide some explanation as to why mental fictionalism has not (until recently) gained much traction in the literature. This chapter ends with some suggestions on how the mental fictionalist can address these objections, hopefully paving the way for further development of mental fictionalism as a live philosophical position in philosophy of mind.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) on soy 7S proteins in various pH (pH = 3.0 and 7.0) and ionic strengths (I = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) were investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) on soy 7S proteins in various pH (pH = 3.0 and 7.0) and ionic strengths (I = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) were investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the 2nd law of thermodynamics to estimate the maximum available energy, calculate the electric exergy efficiency, and explore the maximum irreversible exergy destruction in the system's components.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the CSF immune profiles of patients with Alzheimer clinical syndrome (ACS) who display clinically defined dementia using multicolor flow cytometry to determine whether such patients also display evidence of a disease-targeting adaptive immune response mediated by CD4+ T cells.
Abstract: Background and Objectives Patients with Alzheimer dementia display evidence of amyloid-related neurodegeneration. Our focus was to determine whether such patients also display evidence of a disease-targeting adaptive immune response mediated by CD4+ T cells. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the CSF immune profiles of patients with Alzheimer clinical syndrome (ACS), who display clinically defined dementia. Methods Innate and adaptive immune profiles of patients with ACS were measured using multicolor flow cytometry. CSF-derived CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell receptor repertoire genetics were measured using next-generation sequencing. Brain-specific autoantibody signatures of CSF-derived antibody pools were measured using array technology or ELISA. CSF from similar-age healthy controls (HCs) was used as a comparator cohort. Results Innate cells were expanded in the CSF of patients with ACS in comparison to HCs, and innate cell expansion increased with age in the patients with ACS, but not HCs. Despite innate cell expansion in the CSF, the frequency of total CD4+ T cells reduced with age in the patients with ACS. T-cell receptor repertoire genetics indicated that T-cell clonal expansion is enhanced, and diversity is reduced in the patients with ACS compared with similar-age HCs. Discussion Examination of CSF indicates that CD4+ T cell–mediated adaptive immune responses are altered in patients with ACS. Understanding the underlying mechanisms affecting adaptive immunity will help move us toward the goal of slowing cognitive decline.
TL;DR: The use of phosphate-containing versus phosphate-free continuous KRT solutions was independently associated with fewer ventilator days and shorter stay in the intensive care unit in critically ill patients as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Hypophosphatemia is commonly observed in patients receiving continuous KRT. Patients who develop hypophosphatemia may be at risk of respiratory and neuromuscular dysfunction and therefore subject to prolongation of ventilator support. We evaluated the association of phosphate-containing versus phosphate-free continuous KRT solutions with ventilator dependence in critically ill patients receiving continuous KRT.Our study was a single-center, retrospective, pre-post cohort study of adult patients receiving continuous KRT and mechanical ventilation during their intensive care unit stay. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression with and without propensity score matching was used to model our primary outcome: ventilator-free days at 28 days. Intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay as well as hospital mortality were analyzed with a t test or a chi-squared test, as appropriate.We identified 992 eligible patients, of whom 649 (65%) received phosphate-containing solutions and 343 (35%) received phosphate-free solutions. In multivariable models, patients receiving phosphate-containing continuous KRT solutions had 12% (95% confidence interval, 0.17 to 0.47) more ventilator-free days at 28 days. Patients exposed to phosphate-containing versus phosphate-free solutions had 17% (95% confidence interval, -0.08 to -0.30) fewer days in the intensive care unit and 20% (95% confidence interval, - 0.12 to -0.32) fewer days in the hospital. Concordant results were observed for ventilator-free days at 28 days in the propensity score matched analysis. There was no difference in hospital mortality between the groups.The use of phosphate-containing versus phosphate-free continuous KRT solutions was independently associated with fewer ventilator days and shorter stay in the intensive care unit.
TL;DR: In this paper , the potential role of LXA4 in macrophage polarization and elucidated its possible molecular mechanism was investigated and the RAW264.7 macrophages were pretreated with LXA 4 with or without lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and interleukin-4 (IL-4).
Abstract: Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. Herein, we investigated the potential role of LXA4 in macrophage polarization and elucidated its possible molecular mechanism. The RAW264.7 macrophage cell line was pretreated with LXA4 with or without lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). In cultured macrophages, LXA4 inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory polarization, thereby decreasing the release of proinflammatory cell factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and increasing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Notably, the inhibitory effect of LXA4 on inflammatory macrophage polarization was related to the downregulation of p-NF-κB p65 and IRF5 activity, which reduced the LPS-induced phenotypic and functional polarization of M1 macrophages via the FPR2/IRF5 signaling pathway. Moreover, LXA4 also induced the IL-4-induced polarization of M2 macrophages by promoting the FPR2/IRF4 signaling pathway. Therefore, LXA4 regulates M1/M2 polarization of macrophages via the FPR2-IRF pathway.
TL;DR: In this paper, the robustness of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for text classification on out-of-distribution (OOD) datasets resulting from the natural evolution of clinical text in pathology reports was investigated.
TL;DR: A qualitative study addressed how professionals and caregivers in foster care described being affected by COVID-19 in order to support future research and planning for foster care systems in this pandemic context as discussed by the authors .