University of Kentucky

About: University of Kentucky is a education organization based out in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 43933 authors who have published 92195 publications receiving 3256087 citations. The organization is also known as: UK.

The 2013 release of cloudy

Abstract: This is a summary of the 2013 release of the plasma simulation code Cloudy. Cloudy models the ionization, chemical, and thermal state of material that may be exposed to an external radiation field or other source of heating, and predicts observables such as emission and absorption spectra. It works in terms of elementary processes, so is not limited to any particular temperature or density regime. This paper summarizes advances made since the last major review in 1998. Much of the recent development has emphasized dusty molecular environments, improvements to the ionization/chemistry solvers, and how atomic and molecular data are used. We present two types of simulations to demonstrate the capability of the code. We consider a molecular cloud irradiated by an X-ray source such as an active nucleus and show how treating EUV recombination lines and the full SED affects the observed spectrum. A second example illustrates the very wide range of particle and radiation density that can be considered.

Electrochemical Analysis of Protein Nitrotyrosine and Dityrosine in the Alzheimer Brain Indicates Region-Specific Accumulation

Abstract: HPLC with electrochemical array detection (HPLC-ECD) was used to quantify 3,3'-dityrosine (diTyr) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NO2-Tyr) in four regions of the human brain that are differentially affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). DiTyr and 3-NO2-Tyr levels were elevated consistently in the hippocampus and neocortical regions of the AD brain and in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (VF), reaching quantities five- to eightfold greater than mean concentrations in brain and VF of cognitively normal subjects. Uric acid, a proposed peroxynitrite scavenger, was decreased globally in the AD brain and VF. The results suggest that AD pathogenesis may involve the activation of oxidant-producing inflammatory enzyme systems, including nitric oxide synthase.

A Selectivity Model of Household Food Marketing Behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract: The agricultural household's discrete decision of whether to participate in coarse grain markets is separated here from the continuous decision of how much to sell or buy, conditional on participation. Failure to participate in markets results from high fixed transactions costs. A selectivity model endogenously switches households into alternative market participation states, correcting for bias caused by the exclusion of unobservable variables affecting both discrete and continuous decisions. Improved market information increases the probability of participation by sellers, while access to cereals-processing technology increases quantities transacted by both sellers and buyers, conditional on participation.

Mean Square Error of Prediction as a Criterion for Selecting Variables

Abstract: The mean square error of prediction is proposed as a criterion for selecting variables. This criterion utilizes the values of the predictor variables associated with the future observation and the magnitude of the estimated variance. Mean square error is believed to be more meaningful than the commonly used criterion, the residual sum of squares.