University of Kentucky

About: University of Kentucky is a education organization based out in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 43933 authors who have published 92195 publications receiving 3256087 citations. The organization is also known as: UK.

Infectious Prions in the Saliva and Blood of Deer with Chronic Wasting Disease

Abstract: A critical concern in the transmission of prion diseases, including chronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids, is the potential presence of prions in body fluids. To address this issue directly, we exposed cohorts of CWD-naive deer to saliva, blood, or urine and feces from CWD-positive deer. We found infectious prions capable of transmitting CWD in saliva (by the oral route) and in blood (by transfusion). The results help to explain the facile transmission of CWD among cervids and prompt caution concerning contact with body fluids in prion infections.

Increased vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to excitotoxic necrosis in presenilin-1 mutant knock-in mice.

Abstract: Excitotoxicity, a form of neuronal injury in which excessive activation of glutamate receptors results in cellular calcium overload, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), although direct evidence is lacking. Mutations in the presenilin-1 (PS1) gene on chromosome 14 are causally linked to many cases of early-onset inherited AD (refs. 5,6). We generated PS1 mutant mice (PS1M146VKI) that express the PS1 M146V targeted allele at normal physiological levels. Although PS1M146VKI mice have no overt mutant phenotype, they are hypersensitive to seizure-induced synaptic degeneration and necrotic neuronal death in the hippocampus. Cultured hippocampal neurons from PS1M146VKI mice have increased vulnerability to death induced by glutamate, which is correlated with perturbed calcium homeostasis, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Agents that suppress calcium influx or release and antioxidants protect neurons against the excitotoxic action of the PS1 mutation. These findings establish a direct link between a genetic defect that causes AD and excitotoxic neuronal degeneration, and indicate new avenues for therapeutic intervention in AD patients.

Pyrite oxidation and its control

Abstract: Review of Basic Concepts of Surface Chemistry and Chemistry and Control of Acid Drainage A Review on Solution/Mineral Chemistry Chemical and Electro-Physical Properties of Geologic Material Chemical and Physical Properties of Mine Waste Acid Drainage Production Chemistry and Prediction Acid Drainage Control and Its Limitations Molecular Chemistry of Pyrite Oxidation/Kinetics/Electro-Chemistry Mechanisms and Kinetics of Pyrite Oxidation Electrochemistry of Pyrite Role of Bacteria on Pyrite Oxidation Role of Bacteria on Pyrite Oxidation Advances on Pyrite Microencapsulation Technologies Phosphate Influence on Pyrite Oxidation Influence of pH, Temperature, H2O2 and Phosphate Concentration on Microencapsulating Pyrite Potential Application of Pyrite Microencapsulation in Coal Waste Advancement of Pyrite Microencapsulation in Coal Waste Epilogue Conclusions References