University of Kentucky

About: University of Kentucky is a education organization based out in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 43933 authors who have published 92195 publications receiving 3256087 citations. The organization is also known as: UK.

Personality disorders as extreme variants of common personality dimensions: can the Five-Factor Model adequately represent psychopathy?

Abstract: The present study examined Widiger and Lynam’s (1998) hypothesis that psychopathy can be represented using the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Participants in the study consisted of 481 21–22 year old men and women who are part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Psychopathy was assessed by the degree of similarity between an individual’s NEO-PI-R and an expert-generated FFM psychopathy prototype. The expert-based prototype supported the account of Widiger and Lynam (1998), as did the correlations between the NEO-PI-R Psychopathy Resemblance Index (PRI) and the individual personality dimensions. The PRI was also related in predicted ways to measures of antisocial behavior, drug use, and psychopathology. The results support the contention that psychopathy can be understood as an extreme variant of common dimensions of personality, and underscore the utility of a dimensional model of personality disorders.

Autoepistemic logic

Abstract: Autoepistemic logic is one of the principal modes of nonmonotonic reasoning. It unifies several other modes of nonmonotonic reasoning and has important application in logic programming. In the paper, a theory of autoepistemic logic is developed. This paper starts with a brief survey of some of the previously known results. Then, the nature of nonmonotonicity is studied by investigating how membership of autoepistemic statements in autoepistemic theories depends on the underlying objective theory. A notion similar to set-theoretic forcing is introduced. Expansions of autoepistemic theories are also investigated. Expansions serve as sets of consequences of an autoepistemic theory and they can also be used to define semantics for logic programs with negation. Theories that have expansions are characterized, and a normal form that allows the description of all expansions of a theory is introduced. Our results imply algorithms to determine whether a theory has a unique expansion. Sufficient conditions (stratification) that imply existence of a unique expansion are discussed. The definition of stratified theories is extended and (under some additional assumptions) efficient algorithms for testing whether a theory is stratified are proposed. The theorem characterizing expansions is applied to two classes of theories, K1-theories and ae-programs. In each case, simple hypergraph characterization of expansions of theories from each of these classes is given. Finally, connections with stable model semantics for logic programs with negation is discussed. In particular, it is proven that the problem of existence of stable models is NP-complete.—Authors' Abstract

The Social Network Ties of Group Leaders: Implications for Group Performance and Leader Reputation

Abstract: This paper uses data from the sales division of a financial services firm to investigate how a leader's centrality in external and internal social networks is related to the objective performance of the leader's group, and to the leader's personal reputation for leadership among subordinates, peers, and supervisors. External social network ties were based on the friendship ties among all 88 of the division's sales group leaders and the 10 high-ranking supervisors to whom they reported. Internal social network ties consisted of 28 separate networks, each representing the set of friendship relations among all members of a given sales group. Objective group performance data came directly from company records. Data on each group leader's personal reputation for leadership was based on the perceptions of three different constituencies: subordinates, peers, and supervisors. Results revealed that leaders' centrality in external and internal friendship networks was related both to objective measures of group performance and to their reputation for leadership among different organizational constituencies.