University of Kentucky

About: University of Kentucky is a education organization based out in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 43933 authors who have published 92195 publications receiving 3256087 citations. The organization is also known as: UK.

Microglial Activation Resulting from CD40-CD40L Interaction After β-Amyloid Stimulation

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a substantial inflammatory component, and activated microglia may play a central role in neuronal degeneration. CD40 expression was increased on cultured microglia treated with freshly solublized amyloid-beta (Abeta, 500 nanomolar) and on microglia from a transgenic murine model of AD (Tg APPsw). Increased tumor necrosis factor alpha production and induction of neuronal injury occurred when Abeta-stimulated microglia were treated with CD40 ligand (CD40L). Microglia from Tg APPsw mice deficient for CD40L demonstrated reduction in activation, suggesting that the CD40-CD40L interaction is necessary for Abeta-induced microglial activation. Finally, abnormal tau phosphorylation was reduced in Tg APPsw animals deficient for CD40L, suggesting that the CD40-CD40L interaction is an early event in AD pathogenesis.

Autonomous Cars: Research Results, Issues, and Future Challenges

Abstract: Throughout the last century, the automobile industry achieved remarkable milestones in manufacturing reliable, safe, and affordable vehicles. Because of significant recent advances in computation and communication technologies, autonomous cars are becoming a reality. Already autonomous car prototype models have covered millions of miles in test driving. Leading technical companies and car manufacturers have invested a staggering amount of resources in autonomous car technology, as they prepare for autonomous cars’ full commercialization in the coming years. However, to achieve this goal, several technical and nontechnical issues remain: software complexity, real-time data analytics, and testing and verification are among the greater technical challenges; and consumer stimulation, insurance management, and ethical/moral concerns rank high among the nontechnical issues. Tackling these challenges requires thoughtful solutions that satisfy consumers, industry, and governmental requirements, regulations, and policies. Thus, here we present a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art results for autonomous car technology. We discuss current issues that hinder autonomous cars’ development and deployment on a large scale. We also highlight autonomous car applications that will benefit consumers and many other sectors. Finally, to enable cost-effective, safe, and efficient autonomous cars, we discuss several challenges that must be addressed (and provide helpful suggestions for adoption) by designers, implementers, policymakers, regulatory organizations, and car manufacturers.

A Systematic Review of Complications and Failures Associated With Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation

Abstract: Background:Patellofemoral instability affects activities of daily living and hinders athletic participation. Over the past 2 decades, more attention has been paid to medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocations/subluxations. Numerous techniques have been reported; however, there is no consensus regarding optimal reconstruction.Purpose:This study sought to report on the various techniques for MPFL reconstruction described in the literature and to assess the rate of complications associated with the procedure.Study Design:Meta-analysis.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was performed in early October 2010 using keywords “medial patellofemoral ligament,” “MPFL,” “reconstruction,” “complication(s),” and “failure(s).” Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Graft choice, surgical technique, outcome measures, and complications were recorded and organized in a database. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the dat...

Lignification as a mechanism for induced systemic resistance in cucumber

Abstract: Infection of the first true leaf of cucumber with Colletotrichum lagenarium induces systemic resistance (protection) against subsequent challenge by C. lagenarium or Cladosporium cucumerinum Conidia of C. lagenarium germinated and formed appressoria equally well on isolated epidermal strips from protected and control plants; however, penetration occurred less frequently into epidermal strips from protected plants. Inhibition of penetration was associated with host epidermal cell wall lignification directly under appressoria. Lignification occurred more rapidly and to a greater extent in protected than in control plants. Infection of etiolated seedlings resistant to scab with C. cucumerinum made the seedlings resistant to C. lagenarium, and elicited a rapid lignification of penetrated and adjacent host cells. This lignification reaction in the resistant cultivar was histologically indistinguishable from that at sites of penetration in a systemically protected “susceptible” cultivar challenged with C. cucumerinum. Germination of conidia and frequencies of penetration of C. cucumerinum were similar in protected and control plants, but development of the fungus in lignified tissue was markedly restricted. Coniferyl alcohol, a lignin precursor, was toxic to C. lagenarium and C. cucumerinum when only 0·3 hg were applied to thin-layer bioassay plates. This suggests that it might function as a phytoalexin. Mycelia of C. lagenarium and C. cucumerinum were “lignified” in the presence of coniferyl alcohol, peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide.