University of Kentucky

About: University of Kentucky is a education organization based out in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 43933 authors who have published 92195 publications receiving 3256087 citations. The organization is also known as: UK.

Association of enhanced peroxidase activity with induced systemic resistance of cucumber to Colletotrichum lagenarium

Abstract: Inoculation of the first true leaf of cucumber with Colletotrichum lagenarium enhanced peroxidase activity in leaf 2. The increased activity was associated, at least in part, with the fastest moving anodic isozymes during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All plant parts and cellular fractions exhibited enhanced peroxidase activity in protected as compared to control plants. Injury of leaf 1 with dry ice neither induced systemic resistance to C. lagenarium nor enhanced peroxidase activity of leaf 2. Inoculation of leaf 1 with C. lagenarium followed by inoculation of leaf 2, 1 week later, elicited a higher degree of protection and higher peroxidase activity in leaf 3 than did single inoculations. Increasing numbers of C. lagenarium lesions on leaf 1 progressively increased peroxidase activity and resistance in leaf 2. Induced resistance was detected 3 to 4 days after inoculation of leaf 1, whereas peroxidase activity increased after the 4th day.

Conditioned place preference: What does it add to our preclinical understanding of drug reward?

Abstract: Rationale: Among the various experimental protocols that have been used to measure drug reward in laboratory animals, conditioned place preference (CPP) has been one of the most popular. However, a number of controversial issues have surrounded the use of this experimental protocol. Objective: The present review provides a theoretical overview of some critical issues relevant to CPP. The advantages and limitations of CPP are also covered. Results: Based on modern and traditional theoretical formulations of Pavlovian conditioning, CPP appears to reflect a preference for a context due to the contiguous association between the context and a drug stimulus. Within this theoretical framework, it seems clear that CPP measures a learning process that is fundamentally distinct from drug self-administration. The main advantages of CPP are that it: (1) tests animals in a drug-free state; (2) is sensitive to both reward and aversion; (3) allows for simultaneous determination of CPP and locomotor activity; (4) is adaptable to a variety of species; (5) typically yields dose-effect curves that are monophasic rather than biphasic; and (6) has utility in probing the neural circuits involved in drug reward. The main limitations of CPP are that it: (1) is subject to interpretation based on the notion of novelty seeking; (2) is cumbersome for providing the graded dose-effect curves needed for answering some pharmacological questions; (3) is difficult to interpret when animals prefer one context prior to drug conditioning; and (4) lacks face validity as an experimental protocol of drug reward in humans. Conclusion: Despite some limitations, CPP provides unique information about the rewarding effect of contextual cues associated with a drug stimulus.

Convolution PML (CPML): An efficient FDTD implementation of the CFS–PML for arbitrary media

Abstract: A novel implementation of perfectly matched layer (PML) media is presented for the termination of FDTD lattices. The implementation is based on the stretched coordinate form of the PML, a recursive convolution, and the use of complex frequency, shifted (CFS) PML parameters. The method, referred to here as the convolutional PML (CPML), offers a number of advantages over the traditional implementations of the PML. Specifically, the application of the CPML is completely independent of the host medium. Thus, no modifications are necessary when applying it to inhomogeneous, lossy, anisotropic, dispersive, or nonlinear media. Secondly, it is shown that the CFS–PML is highly absorptive of evanescent modes and can provide significant memory savings when computing the wave interaction of elongated structures, sharp corners, or low-frequency excitations. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 27: 334–339, 2000.

MapSplice: Accurate mapping of RNA-seq reads for splice junction discovery

Abstract: The accurate mapping of reads that span splice junctions is a critical component of all analytic techniques that work with RNA-seq data. We introduce a second generation splice detection algorithm, MapSplice, whose focus is high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of splices as well as CPU and memory efficiency. MapSplice can be applied to both short (<75 bp) and long reads (≥ 75 bp). MapSplice is not dependent on splice site features or intron length, consequently it can detect novel canonical as well as non-canonical splices. MapSplice leverages the quality and diversity of read alignments of a given splice to increase accuracy. We demonstrate that MapSplice achieves higher sensitivity and specificity than TopHat and SpliceMap on a set of simulated RNA-seq data. Experimental studies also support the accuracy of the algorithm. Splice junctions derived from eight breast cancer RNA-seq datasets recapitulated the extensiveness of alternative splicing on a global level as well as the differences between molecular subtypes of breast cancer. These combined results indicate that MapSplice is a highly accurate algorithm for the alignment of RNA-seq reads to splice junctions. Software download URL: http://www.netlab.uky.edu/p/bioinfo/MapSplice.