Showing papers by "University of Kiel published in 1975"

The Histopathology of Malignant Lymphoma

Abstract: Summary. It has been possible to reinterpret non-Hodgkin's lymphomas by applying subtle histological, cytological, and cytochemical techniques and electron microscopy as well as by using modern immunological methods and immune chemical analyses. This has led to the differentiation of four main groups of low-grade and three main groups of high-grade malignant lymphomas. Most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are derived from the B-lymphocyte system. Only some of the lymphocytic, a small fraction of the lymphoblastic, and very few immunoblastic lymphomas originate from the T-lymphocyte system. True reticulosarcomas are very rare and will have to be redefined.

Drug-induced phospholipidoses. II. Tissue distribution of the amphiphilic drug chlorphentermine.

Abstract: This review deals with drug-induced lipidoses and the possible underlying mechanisms. A variety of drugs, widely differing in their main pharmacological actions, but closely resembling each other with respect to particular physiochemical properties, have been found to cause in animals and man cytological alterations that are reminiscent of the inherited lipid-storage diseases of man. Ultrastructurally, the alterations are characterized by multilamellated or crystalloid cytoplasmic inclusions, i.e., residual bodies resulting from an intralysosomal accumulation of polar lipids. Biochemically, some of the most severely affected tissues have been demonstrated to contain increased amounts of phospholipids and of the drug applied. All drugs hitherto found to induce such alterations are cationic amphiphilic (amphipathic) compounds; they possess a highly apolar ring system and a cationic hydrophilic side chain (e.g., triparanol, chloroquine, chlorzyclizine, 4,4′-diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol, chlorphentermine, ipri...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. X. Presence of epstein-barr genomes in separated epithelial cells of tumours in patients from Singapore, Tunisia and Kenya.

Abstract: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies from Singapore, Tunisia and Kenya were compared, before and after separation of epithelial and lymphoid cells, for their EBV-DNA content, using the cellular DNA-EBV-cRNA hybridization test. In all instances where successful separation of the two cell types was achieved, epithelial tumour cells showed a higher EBV-DNA content than lymphoid cells or tumour before cell separation. It is, therefore, suggested that EBV-DNA is mostly limited to epithelial cells. No significant difference was observed between NPC tumours originating from various geographical areas.

Meanders and long waves in the equatorial Atlantic

Abstract: Observations from the GATE Equatorial Oceanographic Experiment are presented. They reveal large scale meandering of the westward flowing South Equatorial Current and of the eastward flowing Equatorial Undercurrent with time scales of 2–3 weeks. Meandering of the flow pattern was found to be related to corresponding displacements of the high salinity core of the undercurrent. The observations tend to support the assumption of a long wave propagating westward with a phase speed of 2.3 m s−1 and a wavelength of 3,200 km. A possible explanation may be given in terms of unstable waves caused by large scale horizontal shear in the Equatorial Current System.

The Carboxylesterases/Amidases of Mammalian Liver and Their Possible Significance

Abstract: With regard to the acyl moiety, carboxylesterases preferentially split esters of short-chain carboxylic esters. With most carboxylesterases the maximum of the reaction rate is found at an acyl chain length of C3 to C624,77,170,303 (see Section 5.4). However, there are some reports of carboxylesterases acting on medium- and long-chain fatty acid esters as well.143,189,252,253

Energy transport in a nonlinear and inhomogeneous random gravity wave field.

Abstract: Certain tertiary resonant interactions of gravity waves which have been found previously can be obtained more easily by using a simple extension of Whitham's formalism. The contribution of these interactions to the total energy transfer in an inhomogeneous random field of gravity waves is calculated. It is found to be small for open-ocean waves, but to be of some importance for shallow-water waves, where topography or mean shear currents may produce strong inhomogeneities. The nonlinear splitting of the group velocity is found to be unimportant in wave fields with sufficiently smooth spectra.

The transformation of amorphous silica to crystalline silica under hydrothermal conditions

Abstract: Hydrothermal syntheses were made mainly in the binary system SiO2-H2O in a temperature range between 300 ° C and 500 ° C and pressures from 0.2 kbar up to 4.0 kbar with various starting materials. In this way the transformation behavior of different amorphous silicas via cristobalite and keatite to quartz were observed. This behavior depends mainly on the parameters: pressure, temperature, run duration and state of the starting material. Four reaction paths have been observed: in most experiments the complete reaction sequence “amorphous silica→cristobalite→keatite→quartz” took place. Less often the reactions: “amorphous silica→cristobalite→quartz” and: “amorphous silica→keatite→quarts” were observed. Very few samples were found with a direct transition of amorphous silica into quartz at high pressures. A kinetic model is given in form of a pressure-temperature-time diagram of the system SiO2-H2O under hydrothermal conditions.

Instability of sapphirine at high pressures

Abstract: The stability field of Mg-sapphirines is limited at high pressures through the solid-solid breakdown reaction sapphirine⇌pyrope = corundum+spinel, the univariant curve originating from an invariant point located at 22 kb, 880°C to 30 kb, 1350°C. Under water pressures less than 22 kb sapphirines exhibit the same low-temperature breakdown into the assemblage chlorite+corundum+spinel as determined by Seifert (1974) between 1 kb and 7 kb thus resulting in one continuous univariant lower stability limit extending from 1 kb, about 650°C through 10 kb, 770°C to the invariant point at 22 kb, 880°C. If $$P_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{0}}} < P_{{\text{total}}} $$ , the stability field of sapphirine will expand towards lower temperatures. The occurrence of sapphirine in mantle depths requires rather aluminous bulk compositions, high geothermal gradients and/or $$P_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{0}}} < P_{{\text{total}}} $$ , with total pressures not exceeding 30 kb. Thus sapphirine is probably not a stable phase in the lower portions of lithospheric plates and the underlying asthenosphere.

Zur Kenntnis des Narciclasins

Abstract: Aus Narciclasin (2a) wird das Acetonid 8a und dessen Oxidationsprodukt 10 dargestellt. 10 wird leicht zu 11 isomerisiert. Das bei der katalytischen Hydrierung von 2a anfallende Gemisch der Dihydronarciclasine wird uber die Tetraacetate in die cis- und trans-Verbindungen 14a und 15a aufgetrennt. Als Nebenprodukt der katalytischen Hydrierung entsteht Isonarciclasin (16a). Mit Hilfe der NMR-Spektren von 15b und 16b last sich die relative Konfiguration des Narciclasins entsprechend 2a beweisen. Lycoricidin und Margetin sind identisch und haben die Konfiguration 2b. Uber einige biologische Teste wird berichtet. Chemistry of Nariciclasine From narciclasine (2a), the acetonide 8a and its oxidation product 10 are prepared. 10 isomerizes easily to give 11. Catalytic hydrogenation of 2a yields a mixture of dihydronarci-clasines from which the pure cis- and trans-isomers 14a and 15a can be obtained via the tetraacetates. As a by-product of the hydrogenation, isonarciclasine (16a) is isolated. The relative configuration of narciclasine (as represented by formula 2a) is established by the n. m. r. spectra of 15b and 16b. Lycoricidine and margetine are shown to be identical; their configuration is as shown in formula 2b. Some biological tests are reported.

On the fine structure of the external glial layer in the isocortex of man.

Abstract: The surface of the external glial layer of the isocortex in the human temporal lobe is generally slightly undulated, with a few protrusions and indentations. The surface is formed by an uninterrupted basement membrane which is continuous over the surface no matter how tortuous it becomes. The overall thickness of the glial layer is generally 15 to 25 μm, but diminishes to about 5 μm immediately beneath blood vessels. It consists mainly of a variable number of stacked glial cell processes. Two groups of cell bodies are encountered particularly in the middle and lower levels of the glial layer. Most of the cells are specialized fibrous astrocytes. They are characterized by eccentrically placed, rounded nuclei with homogeneously dispersed chromatin, and electron-lucent cytoplasm rich in filaments. Lipofuscin pigment granules occupy large areas of the perikaryon. The astroglial cells give rise to four types of processes: foot-processes, tangential and radial processes, and processes irregular in outline. The foot-processes ascend towards the cortical surface and terminate as flat expansions spreading out immediately beneath the basement membrane. Contiguous terminal expansions are connected by gap junctions. The individual profiles are irregular in form and fit together like in a jig-saw puzzle. The plasmalemma beneath the basement membrane is underlined by a fuzzy material, which is penetrated by glial filaments. In the terminal expansions individual or groups of mitochondria are abundant. The tangential processes are straight and slender and form a lattice within the middle and deep level of the external glial layer. They contain numerous filaments, evenly distributed or fasciculated. The remainder of the lattice is filled up by a considerable number of processes irregular in outline and varying greatly in size. They contain fewer filaments than the tangential processes, coursing in all directions, and glycogen particles. In both types of processes only a few mitochondria are present. These processes are also connected by gap junctions and desmosomes, too. Large cytoplasmic areas of astroglial cells localized in the deepest portion of the glial layer protrude into the neuropil of the molecular layer, giving rise to several radiate processes, which extend deeper into the cortex. The second, heterogeneous group of cell bodies is characterized by elongated nuclei, ovoid or irregular in outline, which are smaller than those of astroglial cells, and contain blocks of condensed chromatin; a thin cytoplasmic rim generating a few appendages surrounds the nucleus. The first sub-type is characterized by a nucleus with large chromatin blocks bordering the inner nuclear membrane and a medium-dense cytoplasmic matrix. The second sub-type displays smaller chromatin condensations at the inner nuclear membrane and many microtubules are scattered throughout an electron-lucent cytoplasm.

Morphology and Classification of Malignant Lymphomas and So-called Reticuloses

Abstract: There is general agreement as to the definition and subclassification of Hodgkin lymphomas, which is acceptable for practical reasons. However, the nature of the different types of Hodgkin lymphomas needs further consideration.

The rates of saxitoxin action and of saxitoxin-tetrodotoxin interaction at the node of Ranvier.

Abstract: 1. Voltage clamp experiments were done on single nodes of Ranvier ofRana esculenta. Equilibrium effects were obtained fromINa-V curves, the rates of action from changes inINa on changing solutions during repetitive depolarizing pulses. 2. Saxitoxin (STX) exclusively and reversibly blocked Na channels, the effect being fully described by a one-to-one reaction between STX and a receptor at the channel with an equilibrium dissociation constant,K S ,of 1.4 nM; the mean offset rate constant,k 2S ,was 1.76×10−2 sec−1 (16±1°C; pH 7.2), 1.7 times the value for tetrodotoxin (TTX). 3. At pH 5.6,k 2S was increased by a factor of 1.33 while the equilibrium STX effect was decreased in a way suggesting competition between STX and protons. 4. After pretreatment of nodes with 3.1 nM TTX the extra block on adding 9.0 nM STX as well as its relief on taking out STX of the TTX-STX mixture revealed transients in the time course of receptor occupation. 5. These non-monotonic time courses are incompatible with the idea of two independent blocking sites (for STX and TTX) per channel but could be quantitatively fitted by analog-computed curves assuming competition between STX and TTX for the same site.

Studies on short-term variations of heterotrophic activity in the Kiel Fjord

Abstract: In summer, 1973, a short-term study with frequent sampling was performed in the Kiel Fjord (FRG). Temperature, salinity, number of viable bacteria, maximum uptakevelocity of glucose and acetate, concentrations of chlorophyll a, labile organic substances and ammonia and phosphate were measured. Strong variations in all parameters during short periods of time could be demonstrated. The number of viable bacteria fluctuated between 26x106 and 195x106 bacteria/l. Changes in the maximum uptake-velocity (V m ) of glucose between 0.23 and 0.85 μg C l-1 h-1 and in the V m of acetate between 0.36 and 2.40 μg C l-1 h-1 were recorded. A highly significant correlation between the number of viable bacteria and the maximum uptake-velocity of the two solutes was found. It is assumed that, at least for this area, at certain times the plate counts represent a major part of the active bacteria flora.

Strukturelle Grundlagen des Parasitismus bei Orobanche

Abstract: Innerhalb des Haustoriums vonOrobanche werden zur Assimilatleitung besondere Zellen ausgebildet. Diese zeigen viele Merkmale der typischen Siebelement-Differenzierung: Tonoplastenverlust, Kernverlust, Veranderung der Plastiden und Mitochondrien. Wahrend der Entwicklung der haustorialen Siebrohren bleiben die Ribosomen jedoch in groser Dichte vorubergehend erhalten. Dieses Zwischenstadium der Siebelemententwicklung wird von uns als Ubergangssiebelement bezeichnet. Erst mit der Desintegration der Ribosomen treten die typischen Plasmafilamente angiospermer Siebrohren auf, die Plasmodesmen werden zu Siebporen erweitert. Charakteristisch fur die haustorialen Siebelemente ist ein glattes zisternales, wandstandiges ER, das um so starker ausgebildet ist, je naher die Parasitenzelle an der Wirtssiebrohre liegt. Ein direkter Anschlus dieser umdifferenzierten Zellen an die Wirtssiebrohren wird jedoch nicht beobachtet. Stets ist zwischen den Leitelementen beider Organismen mindestens eine „Kontaktzelle“ ausgebildet, die einen normalen, wenngleich besonders dicht strukturierten Protoplasten zeigt. Es werden keine plasmatischen Verbindungen zwischenOrobanche und ihrem Wirt gefunden. Die Befunde anOrobanche werden mit denjenigen an anderen parasitischen Pflanzen verglichen.

Filament formation in vitro of a sieve tube protein from Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita pepo.

Abstract: Phloem proteins of the sieve tube exudate from Cucurbita maxima Duch. and Cucurbita pepo L. were investigated as to their filament forming ability in vitro. From the two main proteins (116000 dalton, 30000 dalton) only the 116000 dalton protein was found to form reversibly distinct filaments of 6–7 nm diameter upon removal of SH-protecting agents from the buffer, whereas the 30000 dalton protein was precipitated as amorphous material under these conditions. The protein filaments were similar to the filaments ocurring within the sieve tube cells in vivo.

Drug-induced phospholipidosis

Abstract: In three species chronic treatment with the anorectic drug chlorphentermine causes a profound alteration of the phospholipid/lipid metabolism in the organism, resulting in an increase of the fractions of phospholipids and lipids, e.g. in lungs, livers and adrenals. The results are interpreted as drug-induced generalized phospholipidosis, which is caused by amphiphilic drugs, like chlorphentermine and others. Its extent depends on several factors, like content, pattern and turnover rate of phospholipids in different organs, and on the species.

Kinetics of the fe2+-mg, order-disorder reaction in anthophyllites: quantitative cooling rates.

Abstract: The kinetics of the Fe 2+ -Mg, order-disorder phenomenon in a highly ordered natural anthophyllite have been determined over the temperature range from 400° to 720°C at a pressure of 2 kilobars. At temperatures of 600°C and above, equilibrium is attained by disordering as well as ordering reactions. The intracrystalline exchange is defined by a standard Gibbs free energy of 4247 ± 54 calories per formula unit. Rate studies at 550° and 500°C show that equilibrium is attained by ordering but not by disordering within the same time scale and that the exchange reaction is characterized by an activation energy of∼55 kilocalories per formula unit. An equilibration temperature for the natural anthophyllite of 270°C is determined from the termination of the ordering process owing to excessively slow reaction kinetics after∼10 7 years. From the rate constants of the exchange process, for different crystallization temperatures, the apparent equilibration temperature of 270°C defines a maximum linear cooling rate for the rock of 1 x 10 4 °C per year.

Uteroglobin-Like Antigen in the Male Genital Tract Secretions* **

Abstract: The secretion of the rabbit seminal vesicle has been investigated by morphological and biochemical means. Apical regions of seminal vesicle epithelial cells show highly active protein synthesizing and releasing organells. The secretory proteins released are analysed by disc-electrophoresis and three different immunological procedures. There is evidence for the presence of an uteroglobin-like antigen in seminal vesicle secretion. Comparison with seminal plasma indicates that the uteroglobin-like protein is also present in this fluid. The immunological and electrophoretical identity of rabbit uteroglobin, obtained from the uterus, with “male uteroglobin” is obvious, but molecular-biochemical and biological identity awaits further clarification. The demonstration of uteroglobin-like antigen in the male as in the female points towards new aspects in reproductive and contraceptive research.

Automated Video-Angiocardiographic Image Analysis

Abstract: This paper describes a hardware-software system for handling the two main groups of cardiological data: a) physiological variables such as voltages, pressures, etc., and b) morphological data, derived from x-ray images or angiocardiograms, such as dimensions, areas, or volumes. We will concentrate in particular on some aspects of automated image processing–i. e., the analysis of the size, shape, and contraction pattern of the ventricles from video-angiocardiograms.

Über Bau und Funktion der Kiemen und Lungen von Ocypode ceratophthalma (Decapoda: Crustacea)

Abstract: Electron micrographs reveal great differences between the epithelial linings of gills and lungs in the air-breathing crab Ocypode ceratophthalma. According to the fine structure, the gills have a mainly osmoregulatory function; they exhibit a very active transporting epithelium characterized by a large number of mitochondria, branched microvilli, and basal labyrinth. Blood spaces in the shaft of the gills are lined by podocytes, suggesting ultrafiltration. The lungs are typical respiratory organs, lined by a thin epithelium covered by a thin cuticle.

Contribution to the Study of the Social Behaviour of Captive Golden Jackals (Canis aureus L.)1

Abstract: The goal of this study was to record and generalize the social behaviour of golden jackals living in captivity, to relate the findings to previous studies on other canids and to give a basis to compare the results with studies made in the natural habitat of golden jackals. Besides different species of canids 12 (5,7) golden jackals (Canis aureus L.) were observed for approx. 1300 hours and their behaviour recorded. As a result 59 behavioural elements could be described clearly and related to specific behavioural sequences. It was found that aggression rules the way of life of the animals and that a lot of non-aggressive behaviour patterns can be reduced to aggressive behavioural elements. A further finding was that there exists a close related family group which is separated from other groupings of other jackals by the adult ♂ very strongly. It is very unlikely that the golden jackal has played an important role in the domestication of the dog.

Kink Block Structures in Clay Organic Complexes

Abstract: Complexes of n-tetradecylammonium-beidellite with n-alkanols $${\rm{(n - }}{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{14}}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{29}}}}{\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}^{\rm{+}}{\rm{)_{{\rm{0,44}}}(n - C_{{\rm{x}}}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{2x}}}}{\rm{+}}{}_{\rm{1}}{\rm{OH) }}{}_{{\rm{1,56}}}{{\rm{\{ M}}{{\rm{g}}_{{\rm{0,28}}}}{\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}_{{\rm{1,81}}}}{{\rm{(OH)}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{i}}_{{\rm{3,56}}}}{\rm{Al}}{}_{{\rm{0,44}}}{\rm{O_{{10\}} }}}^{{\rm{0,44 - }}}}$$ (x = 8–22) have been prepared and characterized by their basal spacings and by measurements of the specific heat cp. The compounds undergo a series of reversible phase transitions $${\beta _1} \rightleftharpoons...\rightleftharpoons{\beta_i}\rightleftharpoons...\rightleftharpoons{\beta_\omega}\rightleftharpoons{\alpha_1}...\rightleftharpoons{\alpha_j}$$ with rising temperature. The maximum number ω of β-phases depends upon the chain lengths and increases from 1 with decanol to 6 with docosanol. Due to the evaporation of alkanol the number of χ-phases is not yet established in all details. The β-transitions correspond to conformational changes of the alkyl chains via rotational isomerisation, especially kink formation. The β-phases become unstable if the kink concentration exceeds 0,14 kinks/-CH2-. The β/α-transition is probably caused by a rearrangement into special gauche-block structures.