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Showing papers by "University of Kiel published in 1979"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the rates of accumulation of organic carbon in surface marine sediments from the central North Pacific, the continental margins off northwest Africa, northwest and southwest America, the Argentine Basin, and the western Baltic Sea with primary production rates and show that the fraction of primary produced organic carbon preserved in the sediments is universally related to the bulk sedimentation rate.
Abstract: Comparison of rates of accumulation of organic carbon in surface marine sediments from the central North Pacific, the continental margins off northwest Africa, northwest and southwest America, the Argentine Basin, and the western Baltic Sea with primary production rates suggests that the fraction of primary produced organic carbon preserved in the sediments is universally related to the bulk sedimentation rate. Accordingly, less than 0.01% of the primary production becomes fossilized in slowly accumulating pelagic sediments [(2 to 6 mm (1000 y)−1] of the Central Pacific, 0.1 to 2% in moderately rapidly accumulating [2 to 13 cm (1000 y)−1] hemipelagic sediments off northwest Africa, northwest America (Oregon) and southeast America (Argentina), and 11 to 18% in rapidly accumulating [66 to 140 cm (1000 y)−1] hemipelagic sediments off southwest America (Peru) and in the Baltic Sea. The emiprical expression: % Org-C = 0.0030· R · S 0.30 p s (1−θ) implies that the sedimentary organic carbon content (% Org-C) doubles with each 10-fold increase in sedimentation rate (S), assuming that other factors remain constant; i.e., primary production (R), porosity (φ) and sediment density (ps). This expression also predicts the sedimentary organic carbon content from the primary production rate, sedimentation rate, dry density of solids, and their porosity; it may be used to estimate paleoproductivity as well. Applying this relationship to a sediment core from the continental rise off northwest Africa (Spanish Sahara) suggests that productivity there during interglacial oxygen isotope stages 1 and 5 was about the same as today but was higher by a factor of 2 to 3 during glacial stages 2, 3, and 6.

955 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The difference in water-solubility and preservation between the granules of M C and those of blood basophils appears, by itself, to be a good argument in favour of the conventional staining methods applied to tissue sections.
Abstract: MC are diffusely distributed throughout the connective tissue. Most of the conventional staining methods applied to tissue sections fail to visualize these cells. In Giemsa-stained sections, however, MC can be easily identified by the typical metachromasia of their lysosomal granules, which is due to the high affinity of MC granules to basic dyes, such as toluidine blue or thionin (Padawer 1959, Lison 1960). The cytoplasmic granules of MC show intense reactivity for naphtho1-AS-Dchloroacetate esterase (Leder 1964), with which even immature MC can be selectively stained . In tissue imprints and bone marrow smears, MC are easily discernible from blood basophils. Blood basophils contain many fewer granules and show a negative reaction for chloroacetate esterase. In sections from routinely fixed and embedded tissue, it is not possible to stain blood basophils, because their granules are water-soluble: the reason why most pathologists are less familiar with this particular type of granulocyte. The difference in water-solubility and preservation between the granules of M C and those of blood basophils appears, by itself, to be a good argument in favour

244 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe morphological characteristics of two Pedomicrobium-like budding bacteria and show that when either strain was grown in the presence of iron or manganese, corresponding oxides accumulated on their surfaces, showing that polyanionic polymers previously deposited on the cells were associated with the metals.
Abstract: Morphological characteristics of two Pedomicrobium-like budding bacteria are described. A structured surface layer was regularly observed on strain 868. Ruthenium red- and Alcian blue-staining polymers were found on both strains. When either strain was grown in the presence of iron or manganese, the corresponding oxides accumulated on their surfaces. In thin sections iron oxides appeared as fine threads, arrays of particles or dense coatings, depending on the source of iron. Manganese oxides appeared as branching filaments or convoluted ribbons. Both metal oxides stained with ruthenium red. Extraction of the oxides followed by ruthenium red staining revealed that polyanionic polymers previously deposited on the cells were associated with the metals. Treatment of cultures with glutaraldehyde, HgCl2, or heat, inhibited manganese but not iron deposition, suggesting that iron oxides accumulated by passive, non-biological processes. Manganese oxides apparently accumulated under control of a biological manganese-oxidizing factor. Incomplete inhibition of manganese deposition observed in cell suspensions suggested that, if the oxidizing factor was an enzyme, it was unusually stable. Based on these results, possible mechanisms of iron and manganese deposition in association with extracellular polymers are suggested.

150 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It must be concluded that nodular paragranuloma takes place in B‐cell areas of the lymph node, unlike the other, or at least most of theother, types of Hodgkin's disease.
Abstract: The histology, cytology, and enzyme cytochemistry of a nodular variant of Hodgkin's disease with lymphocytic predominance, called 'nodular paragranuloma', are presented. The histological features of nodular paragranuloma are compared with those of progressively transformed germinal centres, which are enlarged follicles showing a predominance of small lymphocytes and some residual germinal centre cells. Progressively transformed germinal centres are sometimes found in nonspecific lymphadenitis (reactive hyperplasia). The histological similarity and the association between lymph nodes with nodular paragranuloma and lymph nodes with progressively transformed germinal centres in the same patient at different moments or at the same time, suggest that progressively transformed germinal centres are the origin of nodular paragranuloma. Hence, it must be concluded that nodular paragranuloma takes place in B-cell areas of the lymph node, unlike the other, or at least most of the other, types of Hodgkin's disease.

130 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The equilibrium distribution of radioactively labelled amphiphilic drugs between a water phase and liposomes was determined and the extent of binding of the drugs occurred in increasing order.

124 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the ultrastructural and immunohistologic findings in a nodular variant of Hodgkin's disease with lymphocytic predominance, called nodular paragranuloma, are presented and compared with those in so-called progressively transformed germinal centers.
Abstract: Ultrastructural and immunohistologic findings in a nodular variant of Hodgkin’s disease with lymphocytic predominance, called nodular paragranuloma, are presented and compared with those in so-called progressively transformed germinal centers. These are large follicles with numerous lymphocytes which can be found not only in nonspecific lymphadenitis, but also in lymph nodes from patients with nodular paragranuloma. The immunoperoxidase technique was applied on paraffin sections to detect intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin and lysozyme. The so-called L & H type Sternberg-Reed cells contained IgG and one type of light chain per cell, suggesting that such cells produce immunoglobulin. The ultrastructure of the L & H type Sternberg-Reed cells favored the immunoblastic nature of these cells. It is concluded that nodular paragranuloma differs from other types of Hodgkin’s disease by its localization in B-cell areas and the presence of atypical B immunoblasts.

111 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The kinetic properties of two of the partially separated isoenzymes I and V of pig liver esterase were studied and offer explanations for many of the very complex and often controversial results formerly obtained with the heterogeneous pig liver Esterase.
Abstract: Three different subunits of highly purified pig liver esterase (EC 3.1.1.1) can be separated by analytical dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis, though their relative mobilities are very similar. The same subunit bands are obtained with microsomes, in which the esterases have been labeled with the specific active-site-directed inhibitor bis(4-nitro-[14C]phenyl)phosphate. The heterogeneity of the native trimeric enzyme is much more complex, as is demonstrated by isoelectric focussing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fractions of esterase which were partially separated by preparative isoelectric focussing show differences in their subunit composition, their amino acid analyses, their tryptic peptide maps, and their C-terminal amino acids. From these experiments various features of the differing esterase subunits can be deduced. Based on the chemical results and on various experiments which did not indicate any secondary modification of the protein side-chains, the molecular basis of the esterase heterogeneity is discussed. We conclude that the native trimeric esterase is a mixture of numerous hybrids of at least three protein subunits with differing but closely related primary sequences. A comparison of the relative specificity of various preparations of pig liver microsomes indicates that genetic differences concerning the composition of liver esterase exist between individuals.

100 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the orientation of cationic surfactants on the silicate surfaces is investigated and some models for the orientations of the surfactant are presented. But they are not considered as characteristic orientations on the surfaces in general.

99 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
G. Zimmermann1
25 Jun 1979
TL;DR: A top-down design method that starts with an algorithmic description of the problems and attempts to find an optimal hardware structure for the solution of the problem is presented.
Abstract: A top-down design method is presented. The design starts with an algorithmic description of the problems and attempts to find an optimal hardware structure for the solution of the problems. Comparisons with methods using hardware and functional descriptions are included. The application of the macro processor is explained.

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that fairly elevated cadmium contents in fed mussels are not due to contaminated food, but to increased pumping rate when food is available, and transport via haemolymph and selective discrimination at the basement lamina of the mid-gut gland tubuli are regarded as mainly responsible for accumulation.
Abstract: Cadmium uptake has been studied in starved and fed Mytilus edulis L. It is suggested that fairly elevated cadmium contents in fed mussels are not due to contaminated food, but to increased pumping rate when food is available. Highest concentration and main body burden are found in the mid-gut gland. Transport via haemolymph, and selective discrimination at the basement lamina of the mid-gut gland tubuli are regarded as mainly responsible for accumulation. Mercury seems to be processed in a similar way as cadmium. In the tubuli, both metals are immobilized in membrane-bound vesicles, which are finally defaecated.

81 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
R. Iturriaga1
TL;DR: Measurements indicated that the organic fractions of particulate sedimenting matter were transformed considerably during sedimentation, and an important part of planktonic particulate material was susceptible to mineralization within a short period of time.
Abstract: The rates of sedimentation of particulate matter were measured at a station in the Eckernforde Bight, Baltic Sea, using sediment traps. Different parameters (C, N, chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), heterotrophic activity (glucose maximum uptake velocity, vmax), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and electron-transport-system (ETS) activity) were measured during a 1-year period to evalnate the composition, vertical distribution, and activity of microorganisms associated with sedimenting particulate matter. Measurements indicated that the organic fractions of particulate sedimenting matter were transformed considerably during sedimentation. The seasonal fluctuations showed higher heterotrophic activity durang summer and lower activity during winter. Laboratory experiments also indicated that an important part of planktonic particulate material was susceptible to mineralization within a short period of time: phytoplankton was mineralized by about 35% and “zooplankton” by about 18% per day, at 20°C; at 5°C mineralization was considerably lower (about 3 and 8%, respectively).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two male infants with a pseudo-hydrocephalic progeroid syndrome with natal teeth are compared with two very similar female cases reported in the literature and interpreted as congenital progeria, all of which may represent a separate entity.
Abstract: Two male infants with a pseudo-hydrocephalic progeroid syndrome with natal teeth are compared with two very similar female cases reported in the literature and interpreted as congenital progeria. All these cases may represent a separate entity, a previously unrecognized genetic progeroid syndrome.

Journal ArticleDOI
D. Hofsaess1
TL;DR: In this article, photoionization cross sections have been calculated by means of scaled Thomas-Fermi methods for atoms and ions of special astrophysical interest for all states with n ≤ 10, l ≤ 3.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pigment preparations of 800 μm thickness and Golgi studies of the isocortex in juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis revealed giant axonal dilatations of IIIab-pyramids and severe numerical reduction of neurons in the ganglionic layer.
Abstract: Pigment preparations of 800 micrometer thickness and Golgi studies of the isocortex in juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, morphologically proven by electron microscopy, revealed: 1. giant axonal dilatations of IIIab-pyramids. These expansions exceeded by far those found in pyramidal cell axons of other isocortical layers. 2. severe numerical reduction of neurons in the ganglionic layer.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1979-Lethaia
TL;DR: The conchiolin layers act as a barrier preventing all chemically boring organisms from penetrating into the bivalve shell, or shell dissolution by sea water undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Corbulidae, which today are slow, cumbersome, very shallow burrowers, developed special morphological features by which they obtained an outstanding capability to withstand the physical and biological stresses characteristic of their preferred habitat. These features are: an inequivalve, globose shape, thick shells, and conchiolin layers (at least one) embedded within their valves in a unique way. These features enable the corbulids to close their valves tightly during the unfavourable environmental conditions (e.g. low salinity, low oxygen content) which may prevail in the marginal marine regions inhabited by several corbulid species. The conchiolin layers act as a barrier preventing all chemically boring organisms from penetrating into the bivalve shell, or shell dissolution by sea water undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate. The layered conchiolin weakens the shell mechanically, however, especially during fossilization, when the conchiolin is decomposed. The valve splits apart into two shells so completely different in appearance that they may be attributed to different taxa. The conchiolin layers are therefore of great ecological and palaeontological significance. The nature of these conchiolin layers in Corbula (Varicorbula) gibba (Olivi) is described and illustrated and their functional significance discussed in relation to other living and fossil corbulid species.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Indirect immunofluorescence studies using antisera to synthetic somatostatin, human calcitonin and substance P indicate, in the neural complex of the sea-squirt, Ciona intestinalis L., that these polypeptides are present in large perikarya situated at the periphery of the cerebral ganglion as well as in some smallerPerikarya in the medulla.
Abstract: Indirect immunofluorescence studies using antisera to synthetic somatostatin, human calcitonin and substance P indicate, in the neural complex of the sea-squirt, Ciona intestinalis L, that these polypeptides are present in large perikarya situated at the periphery of the cerebral ganglion as well as in some smaller perikarya in the medulla In the medullary and transitional zone, there are nerve fibres that cross-react positively with anti-calcitonin and antisubstance P

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, three mixed-layer samples from Japan (supplied by Dr. H. Kodama) were in- vestigated and their nearly 1:1 interstratification is based on regularly alternating high and low-charged interlayer spaces, which are caused by a regular sequence of polar layers.
Abstract: Alkylammonium ion exchange on mixed-layer minerals gives detailed information about the variation of cation density in succeeding interlayer spaces. Three mixed layer samples from Japan (supplied by Dr. H. Kodama) were in- vestigated. Their nearly 1:1 interstratification is based on regularly alternating high- and low-charged interlayer spaces, which are caused by a regular sequence of polar layers. The cation density in the high-charged interlayer spaces is >0.8 eq/(Si, Al)4Oto. The low-charged interlayer spaces have an average cation density of 0.4 eq/(Si, Al)4Oio and heterogeneous charge distribution. The kind of heterogeneity of the Goto Mine sample differs from that of the Yonago Mine and the Honami Mine samples. The Goto Mine specimen has a rather regular sequence of the low- and high-charged interlayers in proportions close to 0.50:0.50. The other two samples contain interlayer spaces with pronounced unsymmetrical charge distribution. The Yonago Mine sample probably has in random distribution with the polar layers about 10% mica-like layers segregated to packets of three and more layers; the ratio of high-charged interlayers to the low-charged ones is increased to about 0.55:0.45. The Honami Mine sample probably contains isolated mica-like layers or pairs of them. The proportion of the high-charged interlayers is estimated to be about 0.53:0.47 and is lower than determined by Kodama from the glycerolated sample. The samples investigated may be considered as end-members of a series of interstratified specimens which begins with smectites with mixed-layer like charge distribution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Skin fibroblast cultures were treated with various components of the blood clotting system during the logarithmic growth phase and active growth of fibroblasts in fibrin clots such as present in healing wounds and thrombi is demonstrated.
Abstract: Skin fibroblast cultures were treated with various components of the blood clotting system (thrombin, fibrinogen and fibrin) during the logarithmic growth phase. Fibrin as well as thrombin showed dose-dependent growth promoting activities as revealed by cell counting and3H-thymidine uptake. No effect was seen with fibrinogen. After entrapping in polymerizing fibrin enriched by complete culture medium the cells elongated, multiplied and formed net-like interconnecting cell strands throughout the clots. Nutritional deprivation appeared as a limiting factor for eventual growth cessation. The results demonstrate active growth of fibroblasts in fibrin clots such as present in healing wounds and thrombi. The production of thrombin by the coagulation cascade does not only result in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin but has also a long-lasting hormone-like effect on fibroblast proliferation which is of essential importance in wound healing, thrombus organization and progression of chronic atherosclerotic lesions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is discussed whether the three types of retinal cells containing a somatostatin-like substance provide an inhibitory system to each of the two orders ofretinal neurons.
Abstract: A somatostatin-like substance is demonstrated by light microscopic immunohistochemistry (PAP-method) in perikarya and cell processes of the retina of adult and infant rats. These perikarya are identified according to their size, arrangement and distribution. Each of the first two neuronal orders (receptors, bipolar cells, ganglionic cells) of the visual pathway can be associated with retinal cells reacting positively with anti-somatostatin. In the adult rat, perikarya and processes of (i) horizontal cells, (ii) amacrine cells and (iii) large neurons in the ganglionic layer are specifically labeled. The staining of middle-sized and small ganglion cells is probably caused by the close attachment of labeled fibers to non-reacting cells. Postnatally, the immunoreactive elements develop in parallel to the differentiation of the corresponding retinal layers. It is discussed whether the three types of retinal cells containing a somatostatin-like substance provide an inhibitory system to each of the two orders of retinal neurons.

Journal ArticleDOI
H. Jokisch1, K. Carstensen1, W.D. Dau1, H. J. Meyer1, O. C. Allkofer1 
TL;DR: The spectrum of 6 x 10/sup 5/ muons in the zenith angle range 0 = 68/sup 0/--82/Sup 0/ and the energy range E = 1--1000 GeV has been measured by a Kiel-Desy collaboration at Hamburg as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The spectrum of about 6 x 10/sup 5/ muons in the zenith angle range 0 = 68/sup 0/--82/sup 0/ and the energy range E = 1--1000 GeV has been measured by a Kiel-Desy collaboration at Hamburg. The data are represented by a simple form fit which goes as E/sup -2.57/sec 0 for the integral spectrum at very high energies. indicating that the galactic cosmic-ray nucleon spectrum is flatter than E/sup -2.75/ beyond 1000 GeV.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the increased mechanical activity enhances drug disposition within the extracellular space, so that more drug is available for transmembrane penetration.

Journal ArticleDOI
H. Kern1
TL;DR: In this article, the compressional and shear wave velocities in quarzite, granite, and granulite are determined at a fixed confining pressure of 2 kb as a function of temperature up to 720° C. The role of the α-β quartz transition as a possible cause of low-velocity layers is discussed.
Abstract: The compressional and shear wave velocities in quarzite, granite, and granulite are determined at a fixed confining pressure of 2 kb as a function of temperature up to 720° C. The high-low quartz transition of the constituent quartz minerals is associated with a pronounced decrease in velocity of the compressional waves when approaching the transition and with a significant velocity increase after the transition. In contrast, the effect of the α-β transition on shear wave velocities is small. The drop of V P is explained by the elastic softening of structure of the constituent quartz minerals near the α-β transition and the opening of grain-boundary cracks, caused by the very high volumetric thermal expansion of the quartz relative to the other component minerals. The velocity increase in the β-field may be attributed to an elastic hardening of the quartz structure. Poisson ratios computed from the velocity data are anomalous for a solid: they become negative within the transition regime. The transition temperature, as indicated by the minimum velocities, is higher in the polycristalline rocks than is expected on grounds of single crystal behavior, and the discrepancy is more marked in granite than in quartzite. The shift of the transition temperature to higher values is explained by internal stresses that arise from the anisotropy of the thermal expansion and compressibility of individual grains and the differences in thermal expansion and compressibility between different component minerals. The role of the α-β quartz transition as a possible cause of low-velocity layers is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the XUV spectra of PH 3 and SiH 4 have been examined experimentally and theoretically and an assigned consistent 2p-absroption spectra with CI calculation on core-excited states of SiH4 is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of coastal upwelling on sediment composition has been found in the Upper Miocene (SW Africa) and in the Lower and Middle Miocene(NW Africa).

Journal ArticleDOI
Sönke Albers1
TL;DR: In this paper, a special purpose algorithm called PROPOSAS is proposed to solve the problem of optimal product positioning in an attribute space, which works under simplified assumptions: Euclidean metric, equally weighted dimensions of the attribute space and equal sales per customer.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ovariolysis, salpingolysis, fimbrioplasty, and salpingostomy can easily be performed using operative laparoscopy as the method of choice with a minimum of complications, shortened hospitalization time (2 days), and the potential for a repeat procedure or a follow-up laparotomy should this be necessary.

Journal ArticleDOI
Hasso Seibert1
TL;DR: It is concluded that adaptation of heart rate to temperature is mediated by the parasympathetic system to a great extent and was significantly decreased after benzetimide-treatment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model for the neurotoxicity of taipoxin indicates the alpha subunit as the ultimate cause of the disruption of synaptic transmission.
Abstract: Treatment of taipoxin with p-bromophenacyl bromide resulted in modification of single histidine residues in the alpha and beta subunits. The modification decreased the neurotoxicity (lethality) 350-fold, but the inhibitory action on high-affinity choline transport was reduced only threefold. The phospholipase activity and Ca2+-association constants for taipoxin and its subunits were determined. A model for the neurotoxicity of taipoxin indicates the alpha subunit as the ultimate cause of the disruption of synaptic transmission.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The increased susceptibility of diseased skin to PUVA as produced by this drug appears to be based on several factors related to the tissue changes revealed by histology.
Abstract: In a group of 40 patients suffering from wide-spread psoriasis oral administration of a retinoid (Ro 10-9359) was followed by PUVA therapy. The clearance rate was increased by 30% as compared to PUVA alone. Except for cheilitis no side effects were seen. Histological analysis in 20 patients before, during and after therapy revealed an intensification of psoriatic tissue changes after retinoid treatment. Loss of corneal layers, massive exoserosis, and neutrophil migration were prominent features. Mitotic counts were not increased by the pretreatment. The increased susceptibility of diseased skin to PUVA as produced by this drug appears to be based on several factors related to the tissue changes revealed by histology.

Journal ArticleDOI
Volker Storch1
TL;DR: The contributions of ultrastructural research to the elucidation of invertebrate evolution are discussed by means of a number of selected examples.
Abstract: The contributions of ultrastructural research to the elucidation of invertebrate evolution are discussed by means of a number of selected examples. Studies of the fine structure of the integument of Aschelminthes and Platyhelminthes illustrate the method of interpretation. In addition, the following subjects and their significance for phylogeny are treated: annelid setae, sensilla of Pentastomida, choanocyte-like cells, epitheliomuscular cells, podocytes, gills of Polychaeta and lungs of Decapoda, and spermatozoa