scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "University of Kiel published in 1988"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Article de synthese sur les methodes d'analyse de la stabilite de caracteres genetiques, notamment le rendement en amelioration des plantes.
Abstract: Article de synthese sur les methodes d'analyse de la stabilite de caracteres genetiques, notamment le rendement en amelioration des plantes

1,009 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The divergence between steady- state and non-steady-state APD, and the slowness of steady-state adaptation, are important factors to be considered in clinical electrophysiologic studies and in rate correction algorithms of APD or QT intervals, respectively.
Abstract: Using a new method for long-term recording of monophasic action potentials from the human heart, we studied in 17 patients the effects on ventricular action potential duration (APD) of three clinically pertinent cycle length perturbations: (1) single extrastimuli, (2) abrupt sustained rate acceleration and deceleration, and (3) different steady-state cycle lengths. Results were: (a) APD after single extrastimuli at progressively longer cycle lengths were related to the extrastimulus cycle length with a biphasic electrical restitution curve which after an initial steep rise and a subsequent transient descent rose again more gradually to a plateau at cycle lengths above 800-1,000 ms. (b) After a sustained step decrease in cycle length, the first APD shortened abruptly while final steady-state adaptation required up to several minutes. The transition between the rapid and slow phase of APD change was characterized by a variable alternans of APD which correlated inversely with the preceding diastolic interval. (c) In the steady state, APD correlated linearly with cycle length, increasing an average of 23 ms per 100 ms cycle length increase (r = 0.995). The divergence between steady-state and non-steady-state APD, and the slowness of steady-state adaptation, are important factors to be considered in clinical electrophysiologic studies and in rate correction algorithms of APD or QT intervals, respectively.

474 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Twelve monoclonal antibodies (McAB) produced against carp-II parvalbumin recognize determinants conserved in fish, chicken, mouse, rat, monkey and human parValbumin and are shown to use in the qualitative detection of paravalbumin (PV) by immunohistochemistry, in the quantitation of parvalsbumin by radioimmunoassay and in the detection ofParvalbumIn on immunoblots.

419 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1988-Cancer
TL;DR: Tumor load and responsiveness to chemotherapy are the two major factors influencing prognosis in patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma of bone.
Abstract: The German Society of Pediatric Oncology in 1981 initiated the Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study (CESS 81) using a four-drug combination of chemotherapy prior to definitive local control with surgery and/or radiation. From January 1, 1981 until February 28, 1985, 93 patients were registered at the trial office from 54 participating institutions in West Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. On February 1, 1987, 54 of 93 patients were disease-free. Using the Kaplan-Meier life table analysis, the estimated disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 60% at 36 months and 55% at 69 months. The median period of observation was 29 months, ranging from 22 months to 69 months. Twenty-one of 93 patients (23%) had local failure, 18 of 93 patients (19%) developed systemic metastases. The local failure rate was particularly high in patients treated with radiation and was reduced when radiation planning was centralized within the study based upon the extent of disease at diagnosis. Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors showed that tumor volume was a significant factor influencing prognosis. The estimated 3-year DFS rate was 80% for patients with small tumors (volume less than 100 ml) compared to 31% for patients with large tumors (volume greater than or equal to 100 ml). In patients who had surgery for local control, the histologic response to chemotherapy was analyzed on the surgical specimen and had a strong influence on survival: 79% DFS at 3 years for patients with less than 10% viable tumor (good responders) compared to 31% DFS for patients with more than 10% viable tumor (poor responders). Tumor load and responsiveness to chemotherapy are the two major factors influencing prognosis in patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma of bone.

397 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
05 May 1988-Nature
TL;DR: The results show that phytodetritus is rapidly used by deep-sea adapted bacterial populations and that the biological degradation and transformation of sedimented detrital material in the deep sea is faster than hitherto assumed.
Abstract: Sedimentation of phytodetrital aggregates from euphotic waters to the deep sea has been recognized in recent years as probably the most important source of energy for the deep-sea ecosystem1–3. Little is known, however, of the processes by which the detritus is degraded. We report here on phytodetrital aggregates collected from the sediment surface 4,500 m deep in a mid-oceanic area of the northeastern Atlantic. The aggregates contained a rich community of active bacteria and cyanobacteria. The abundance of intact cyanobacteria indicates that the phytodetritus is sedimented rapidly and that picoplankton, which form a significant fraction of primary production during summer months, can be transported from surface waters to the deep sea by attachment to aggregates. Rapid bacterial growth occurred on the detrital material when incubated under deep-sea conditions and similar growth rates were found under surface-water incubation conditions. The results show that phytodetritus is rapidly used by deep-sea adapted bacterial populations and that the biological degradation and transformation of sedimented detrital material in the deep sea is faster than hitherto assumed.

335 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel class of highly abundant polypeptides with antifungal activity has been detected in cell walls of barley leaves, suggesting that thionins are a naturally occurring, inducible plant protein possibly involved in the mechanism of plant defence against microbial infections.
Abstract: A novel class of highly abundant polypeptides with antifungal activity has been detected in cell walls of barley leaves. Similar polypeptides known as thionins occur not only in monocotyledonous but also in various dictoyledonous plants. The leaf-specific thionins of barley are encoded by a complex multigene family, which consists of at least 50-100 members per haploid genome. All of these genes are confined to chromosome 6. The toxicity of these thionins for plant pathogenic fungi and the fact that their synthesis can also be triggered by pathogens strongly suggest that thionins are a naturally occurring, inducible plant protein possibly involved in the mechanism of plant defence against microbial infections.

276 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Rolf Mentlein1
TL;DR: The proteases involved in the maturation of regulatory peptides like those of broader specificity normally fail to cleave peptide bonds linked to the cyclic amino acid proline, but in certain non‐mammalian tissues repetitive pre‐sequences of this type are removed by specialized dipeptidyl (amino) peptidases during maturation.

204 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Jan 1988-Cancer
TL;DR: In patients with primary chemotherapy after biopsy‐proven diagnosis, the responsiveness of this disease to chemotherapy could be demonstrated, and Combination chemotherapy containing anthracyclines and high doses of alkylating agents appeared superior.
Abstract: The clinical presentation of the disease and the results of treatment in 42 patients with malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumors (MPNT) entered into the Cooperative Ewing's, soft tissue, and neuroblastoma trials of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology were retrospectively analyzed. Within the Ewing's sarcoma trial, patients with chest wall lesions were particularly analysed for MPNT features. The period of observation ranged from 15 to 86 months; the median relapse-free time was 24 months. There were 28 male and 14 female patients, the median age of patients was 15 years (range, 9 months-23 years). Thirty-two patients had localized disease (M0), and ten patients presented with primary metastases (M1). The predominant location of the tumors was the thoracopulmonary region, followed by the extremities, the abdominal/pelvic, and head and neck region. Thirty-one of 42 tumors involved the adjacent bone. The disease-free survival according to Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis was 56% +/- 11% for Stage M0 patients at 3 years. Nine of ten patients with M1 disease showed progression of their disease. Most patients had combined modality treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Best results were obtained with extensive surgery. Radiation doses ranged from 20 to 60 Gy and could not be correlated with the outcome of the disease. Most recurrences occurred at the site of the primary tumor. In patients with primary chemotherapy after biopsy-proven diagnosis, the responsiveness of this disease to chemotherapy could be demonstrated. Combination chemotherapy containing anthracyclines and high doses of alkylating agents appeared superior.

202 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The anatomy of the sympathetic pathways from the spinal cord to the lumbar sympathetic trunk and the inferior mesenteric ganglion was studied systematically in the rat and a modified nomenclature for the segmental ganglia of the paravertebral sympathetic chain is proposed.
Abstract: The anatomy of the sympathetic pathways from the spinal cord to the lumbar sympathetic trunk and the inferior mesenteric ganglion was studied systematically in the rat. Details of the arrangements of white and gray rami communicantes, sympathetic trunk ganglia, the intermesenteric nerve, and the lumbar splanchnic nerves are summarized. A modified nomenclature for the segmental ganglia of the paravertebral sympathetic chain is proposed. Cell bodies of sensory and sympathetic axons projecting to the skin and skeletal muscle of the rat hindlimb were labeled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in order to study numbers, segmental distribution, and location of the somata of these neurons quantitatively. HRP was applied to the nerves supplying skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius-soleus, GS), hairy skin (sural, SU; saphenous, SA) and to a mixed nerve (tibial, TI). All sensory somata and 96.4% of the sympathetic cell bodies were located ipsilaterally. Sensory somata were commonly restricted to two adjacent dorsal root ganglia (usually L3-4 for SA; L4-5 for GS, TI; L5-6 for SU). Although the sympathetic somata were more widely distributed rostrocaudally (four to six segments), their maximum was always located one or two segments more cranially than the sensory outflow, i.e., corresponding to the rami communicantes grisei. From the data, it is estimated that 420 sympathetic and 530 afferent neurons project into GS, 590 and 3,610 into SU, 920 and 3,750 into SA, and 1,070 and 5,760 into TI. These absolute neuron numbers are compared with electron microscopic fiber counts from the literature.

196 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The strains were not proteolytic, did not produce acids from sugars, but utilized a wide range of carbon sources including sugars, alcohols, and organic acids for growth, and grew at 4°C, albeit very slowly.

186 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The branching point of the Halomonas-Deleya line of descent from other sublines in terms of similarity coefficients is as low as 0.45, which justifies the description of a new family, for which the name Halomonadaceae is proposed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rheological behavior of dispersions of montmorillonite in water is highly pH-and salt-dependent as discussed by the authors, which is exemplified for 4% (wt/wt) dispersions from Wyoming and its homoionic sodium form in water, at different pH and at temperatures from 20°C to 60°C.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1988-Tellus A
TL;DR: In this article, a meridional-plane model of the thermohaline circulation with a simple friction force and advection and vertical diffusion of the T-S field has been used to demonstrate the instability and existence of multiple steady states associated with mixed T -S boundary conditions (specified temperature, flux condition for salinity).
Abstract: A meridional-plane model of the thermohaline circulation with a simple friction force and advection and vertical diffusion of the T-S field has been used to demonstrate the instability and existence of multiple steady states associated with “mixed” T-S boundary conditions (specified temperature, flux condition for salinity). With forcing and geometry symmetric to the equator, the symmetric solution was found to be unstable to infinitesimal perturbations, and an asymmetric pole-to-pole circulation was the end-result in all cases. The structure obtained for the meridional-plane stream function and for the poleward heat flux are in qualitative agreement with those obtained by Bryan (1986). Convective overturning caused by static instability was not found to be essential for the transition to the asymmetric steady state. The study suggests that certain aspects of the ocean circulation, in particular those related to the ocean climate, may be profitably explored by use of two-dimensional, zonally averaged models. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1988.tb00414.x

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of surfactant and alkyl sulfate ions is used to form a monolayer of double metal hydroxide layers, with the chains tilted about 56° to the hyroxide sheet, and small organic molecules are intercalated with maintenance of the 56° chain orientation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The BERLIN RNA DATABANK as of December 31, 1989, contains a total of 667 sequences of 5S rRNAs or their genes, which is an increase of 114 new sequence entries over the last compilation.
Abstract: The compilation of 5S rRNA and 5S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences as of 30 September 1996, contains a total of 1661 primary structures of 5S rRNAs or their genes, which is an increase of 928 new sequence entries over the last compilation. It covers sequences from 54 archaea, 449 eubacteria, 34 plastids, nine mitochondria and 430 eukaryotes. The databank uses the format of the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library complemented by a Sequence Alignment (SA) field including secondary structure information. The taxonomic classification of organisms was totally updated. Now the database is also available via anonymous FTP or WWW.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that the genus Gordona (Tsukamura) be revived to accommodate those rhodococcal species containing relatively long-chain mycolic acids and MK-9(H2) as the predominant menaquinone type.
Abstract: Reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acids of some representatives of the genus Rhodococcus were performed in an attempt to clarify their intra- and inter-generic relationships. The results indicate that the genus Rhodococcus as presently constituted is phylogenetically heterogeneous. On the basis of the 16S ribosomal-RNA sequence and earlier chemical data it is proposed that the genus Gordona (Tsukamura) be revived to accommodate those rhodococcal species containing relatively long-chain mycolic acids (48 to 66 carbon atoms) and MK-9(H2) as the predominant menaquinone type.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Data show that, based on different rearrangement patterns, it is possible to divide AILD into two different groups with distinct immunophenotypic properties and differences in clinical parameters, which will have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Abstract: T cell receptor beta (TcR beta) chain gene rearrangements have been reported in cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) and provided evidence for the presence of clonal T cell proliferations in this disorder Twenty-three cases of AILD and two cases of hyperimmune reaction (HR) were investigated In the two HR cases, essentially the same histologic pattern was present as in AILD but lymph node follicles were hyperplastic Both HR cases showed germline configuration for the TcR and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes All other patients diagnosed with AILD had clonal rearrangements for TcR gamma and beta chain genes In addition, seven out of these cases had clonally rearranged their IgH genes These two different rearrangement patterns (TcR with or without Ig gene rearrangement) correlated to immunohistochemical and clinical data Cases with TcR but without Ig gene rearrangements (group I) exclusively showed CD4+ proliferating T cells, whereas those cases with TcR and Ig gene rearrangements had significantly elevated numbers of CD8+ proliferating cells (group II) Group II patients significantly more often presented with hemolytic anemia and went into transient remission spontaneously or under steroid treatment Group I patients, however, had a higher response to chemotherapy and a longer survival time These data show that, based on different rearrangement patterns, it is possible to divide AILD into two different groups with distinct immunophenotypic properties and differences in clinical parameters Immunogenotyping in AILD thus will have prognostic and therapeutic implications

Journal ArticleDOI
Martin Berry1, L. Rees1, Susan M. Hall1, P. Yiu1, Jobst Sievers2 
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that laminin does not promote regeneration of axons and that Schwann cells play the primary role of offering trophic support and even a substrate for growth in PN grafts, and that RGC survival is enhanced by Pn grafts even when Schwann Cells are absent.

Book ChapterDOI
Dieter Kruska1
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The evolution of the vertebrate brain along with the function of this fascinating organ must be considered as a particular biological phenomenon many aspects of which have certain implications (Jerison 1973).
Abstract: The evolution of the vertebrate brain along with the function of this fascinating organ must be considered as a particular biological phenomenon many aspects of which have certain implications (Jerison 1973).


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The resulting phylogenetic tree showed that the mycolateless wall IV actinomycetes (except Amycolata) form a distinct group for which the rank of family is proposed, and this new family is Pseudonocardiaceae.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize and present new data to describe the flow of near-bottom water from the Weddell Sea into the Scotia Sea and westward through Drake Passage along the continental slope.
Abstract: Existing information is synthesized and new data presented to describe the flow of near-bottom water from the Weddell Sea into the Scotia Sea and westward through Drake Passage along the continental slope. The water characteristics and currents along the northern margins of the South Sandwich Island Arc are examined. Long-term current measurements in the bottom waters at locations over the outer shelf and slope and along the continental rise show persistent flow from Atlantic to Pacific along isobaths at speeds of 10–20 cm s−1. Three sources for the waters in these currents are identified and discussed. At the deepest levels, Weddell Sea Deep Water enters the Scotia Sea near 40°W through a depression in the South Scotia Arc and then flows westward, constrained by the bottom topography. This cold, fresh, oxygenated bottom water then flows west to enter Drake Passage via a gap in the Shackleton Fracture Zone at the base of the continental slope northwest of Elephant Island. Mid-depth water may flow from the Weddell Sea to the Scotia Sea through the Powell Basin (sill depth approximately 2000 m) located west of South Orkney Island near 48°W. The westward flowing waters along the shelf and upper continental slope, which are denser than those immediately offshore, may be a continuation of the Polar Slope Current from the Weddell Sea or may be derived principally by convection from the shelves of the South Sandwich Island Arc. A vertical section north of Elephant Island shows downslope convection off the shelf, analogous to the observed at many locations around Antartica.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lactic acid bacteria, important in food technology, are Gram-positive organisms exhibiting a DNA G + C content of less than 50 mol%.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical law has been developed to calculate the growth rate of seamount crusts based on the analysis and comparison of metal content and growth rate determination by the 10Be method.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Silica chimneys were discovered in 1985 at 86°W in the rift valley of the Galapagos Spreading Center at 2600 m depth (Cauliflower Garden) and the inactive chimneys lack any sulfides and consist almost entirely of amorphous silica (up to 96 wt.% SiO2, opal-A); Fe and Mn oxides are minor constituents.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the potential for transport of bacteria by groundwater in fractured crystalline rock was assessed in a series of field-scale tracer tests and it was concluded that the use of traditional conservative tracers for water movement could lead to significant underestimates of exposure to particulate contaminants due to consumption of water from water recovery wells located in fractured media.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The galling habit had a long‐term impact by reducing the number of parasitoid species attacking nematine sawfly gallers and per cent mortality inflicted, so that natural enemies may have been important as a selective factor in the evolution of galling nematines sawflies.
Abstract: . 1Data mostly from the published literature were used to assess the effect of galling on the number of parasitoid species per host species in the phylogeny of nematine sawflies from free external feeders (colonial and solitary) to leaf gallers and shoot gallers. 2The strongest effects of galling were the total elimination of the species-rich cocoon-attacking guild of parasitoids, and eonymphal parasitoids, from the parasitoid community on shoot gallers, all of which are in the genus Euura. 3All tachinid larval parasitoids were also eliminated by the galling habit. 4The cumulative effects of these exclusions resulted in a decline in mean number of parasitoid species per host species from almost sixteen species on external colonial feeders to 4.0 species on shoot gallers. 5General patterns in per cent parasitism by non-tachinid and tachinid larval parasitoids, eonymphal and cocoon parasitoids, on exposed feeders to shoot gallers, showed declines in non-tachinid attack and elimination of tachinid, eonymphal and cocoon parasitoids. But leaf gallers tended to be attacked more than exposed feeders by non-tachinid larval parasitoids. 6The galling habit had a long-term impact by reducing the number of parasitoid species attacking nematine sawfly gallers and per cent mortality inflicted, so that natural enemies may have been important as a selective factor in the evolution of galling nematine sawflies.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 1988
TL;DR: The evidence reported here of a rapidly developing bacterial and flagellate population under simulated deep-sea conditions may indicate that a microbial decomposer pathway similar to that described in shallow waters may be significant in the decomposition of sedimented biogenic particles and energy flow in the deep sea.
Abstract: A bacterivorous, barophilic, kidney-shaped flagellate, 3.5–6 μm in length, was isolated from 4500 m in the mid-Atlantic by enrichment of water directly overlying the sediment with sterilized phytodetritus collected from the English Channel during the spring and summer. The light microscopical and electron microscopical appearances of the cell are described and used to identify it to the genus Bodo (Protozoa, Bodoninae). Bodo sp. did not grow at 1 atm and 2°C. It, however, grew under 450 atm and 2°C, with a mean relative growth rate over the exponential growth phase of 0.33 day−1, equivalent to a doubling time of 2.11 days. The flagellate was bacterivorous and had an estimated carbon conversion efficiency of bacterial carbon into flagellate carbon of 17–25%. The step in the microbial food web from bacteria to flagellate could be an important site for remineralization. Bacterial density in deep-sea phytodetritus (1–34 × 107 ml−1) and sediment (5–54 × 109 ml−1) must be sufficient to support a flagellate population. The evidence reported here of a rapidly developing bacterial and flagellate population under simulated deep-sea conditions may indicate that a microbial decomposer pathway similar to that described in shallow waters may be significant in the decomposition of sedimented biogenic particles and energy flow in the deep sea.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comparison of the recurrent pattern with the distribution of monosynaptic excitation from large muscles spindle afferents shows that there is a partial overlap of both systems only at the elbow joint.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Knemometry appears to be a robust and precise new tool for the investigation of short term kinetics of longitudinal growth and proposals for a standardized use of this technique are given.
Abstract: SummaryRecently, a new anthropometric method of accurate lower leg length measurement (knemometry) was introduced. The present study was performed to investigate rigorously its strengths and weaknesses for auxological purposes, and to promote a standardized method of use. The data are based on 6 × 2200 single estimations of the lower leg length in 90 children of both sexes with normal, tall or short stature aged between 2·4 and 17·1 years. The overall technical error of this measurement was found to be 0·16 mm, which is reduced to 0·13 mm if the first estimation within each series of six is ignored.The following sources of systematic error could be detected: intra-daily variation, dependency on physical pressure put on or removed from the leg, vigorous physical activity prior to the measuring procedure, and a slow but significant correlation between day-to-day variation of lower leg length and body weight (r = 0·299, b = 0·372 mm/kg). There was no covariation with atmospheric parameters such as outside te...