Institution
University of Kiel
Education•Kiel, Germany•
About: University of Kiel is a education organization based out in Kiel, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 27816 authors who have published 57114 publications receiving 2061802 citations. The organization is also known as: Christian Albrechts University & Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: Pretreatment with DMF decreased synthesis of the proinflammatory mediators iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 at the RNA level in activated microglial and astrocytes in vitro, associated with a decrease in ERK phosphorylation in microglia.
Abstract: Brain inflammation plays a central role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Dimethylfumarate (DMF), the main ingredient of an oral formulation of fumaric acid esters with proven therapeutic efficacy in psoriasis, has recently been found to ameliorate the course of relapsing-remitting MS. Glial cells are the effector cells of neuroinflammation; however, little is known of the effect of DMF on microglia and astrocytes. The purpose of this study was to use an established in vitro model of brain inflammation to determine if DMF modulates the release of neurotoxic molecules from microglia and astrocytes, thus inhibiting glial inflammation. Primary microglial and astrocytic cell cultures were prepared from cerebral cortices of neonatal rats. The control cells were treated with LPS, an accepted inducer of pro-inflammatory properties in glial cells, and the experimental groups with LPS and DMF in different concentrations. After stimulation/incubation, the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in the cell culture supernatants was determined by measuring nitrite accumulation in the medium using Griess reagent. After 6 hours of treatment RT-PCR was used to determine transcription levels of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in microglial and astrocytic cell cultures initially treated with DMF, followed after 30 min by LPS treatment. Moreover, we investigated possible involvement of the ERK and Nrf-2 transduction pathway in microglia using western blot analysis. Pretreatment with DMF decreased synthesis of the proinflammatory mediators iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 at the RNA level in activated microglia and astrocytes in vitro, associated with a decrease in ERK phosphorylation in microglia. Collectively, these results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of DMF may be in part functionally attributable to the compound's ability to inhibit expression of multiple neuroinflammatory mediators in brain of MS patients.
316 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors recognized a direct relationship between gas hydrates and sediment fracturing and the oxygen isotope composition of carbonate lithologies on Hydrate Ridge, and demonstrated carbonate-forming mechanisms of gas hydrate.
Abstract: Hydrate Ridge is part of the accretionary complex at the Cascadia margin and
is an area of widespread carbonate precipitation induced by the expulsion of
methane-rich fluids. All carbonates on Hydrate Ridge are related to the methanecarbon
pool either through anaerobic methanotrophy or through methanogenesis.
Several petrographically distinct lithologies occur in boulder fields or in massive
autochtonous chemoherm complexes which include methane-associated
diagenetic mudstones and venting-induced breccias. The mudstones result from
methane diagenesis in different sediment horizons and geochemical environments
related to very slow methane venting. Cemented bioturbation casts occur
as fragments, complex framework or as clasts together with bivalve shells as part
of intraformational breccias, which are restricted to chemoherm complexes.
Here, fluids ascend from the sub-seafloor and support aragonite-dominated carbonate
precipitation near or at the sediment surface. Voids within mudclast breccias
are either aragonite-rich indicating a formation near the surface at vent sites
or are cemented by dolomite, which indicates formation in deeper parts of the
sediment column. Brecciation is caused by tectonic or slump processes. In addition,
we recognized a direct relationship between gas hydrates and sediment fracturing
as well as the oxygen isotope composition of carbonate lithologies. Such
gas hydrate-associated carbonates either show layered megapores and veins as
relics of the original gas hydrate fabric or consist of aragonite-cemented intraclast
breccias formed by growing and decomposing gas hydrate near the sediment
surface. Both rock fabrics and the enrichment of 180 in high Mg-calcite
demonstrate carbonate-forming mechanisms of gas hydrate.
315 citations
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Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute1, Oslo University Hospital2, deCODE genetics3, University of Bristol4, Helsinki University Central Hospital5, Max Planck Society6, Leiden University7, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute8, University of Ulm9, King's College London10, University of Oulu11, Erasmus University Rotterdam12, University of Tampere13, VU University Amsterdam14, University of Helsinki15, Wellcome Trust16, Massachusetts Institute of Technology17, Harvard University18, University of Duisburg-Essen19, Brigham and Women's Hospital20, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich21, University of Washington22, Erasmus University Medical Center23, University of Bonn24, University of Kiel25, Technische Universität München26, National Institutes of Health27, University College London28, Broad Institute29, VU University Medical Center30, Turku University Hospital31, Imperial College London32, St George's, University of London33, University of Iceland34
TL;DR: A meta-analysis across 29 genome-wide association studies, including a total of 23,285 individuals with migraine (cases) and 95,425 population-matched controls, identified 12 loci associated with migraine susceptibility.
Abstract: Migraine is the most common brain disorder, affecting approximately 14% of the adult population, but its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood We report the results of a meta-analysis across 29 genome-wide association studies, including a total of 23,285 individuals with migraine (cases) and 95,425 population-matched controls We identified 12 loci associated with migraine susceptibility (P<5×10(-8)) Five loci are new: near AJAP1 at 1p36, near TSPAN2 at 1p13, within FHL5 at 6q16, within C7orf10 at 7p14 and near MMP16 at 8q21 Three of these loci were identified in disease subgroup analyses Brain tissue expression quantitative trait locus analysis suggests potential functional candidate genes at four loci: APOA1BP, TBC1D7, FUT9, STAT6 and ATP5B
315 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured annual shell growth rates of a 374-year-old (radiometrically confirmed) bivalve mollusk specimen of Arctica islandica (Linnaeus).
315 citations
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TL;DR: Here, it is demonstrated that this assumption is sufficient to reproduce major nontrivial features of social networks: short path length, high clustering, and scale-free or exponential link distributions.
Abstract: How do we make acquaintances? A simple observation from everyday experience is that often one of our acquaintances introduces us to one of his or her acquaintances. Such a simple triangle interaction may be viewed as the basis of the evolution of many social networks. Here, it is demonstrated that this assumption is sufficient to reproduce major nontrivial features of social networks: short path length, high clustering, and scale-free or exponential link distributions.
314 citations
Authors
Showing all 28103 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Stefan Schreiber | 178 | 1233 | 138528 |
Jun Wang | 166 | 1093 | 141621 |
William J. Sandborn | 162 | 1317 | 108564 |
Jens Nielsen | 149 | 1752 | 104005 |
Tak W. Mak | 148 | 807 | 94871 |
Annette Peters | 138 | 1114 | 101640 |
Severine Vermeire | 134 | 1086 | 76352 |
Peter M. Rothwell | 134 | 779 | 67382 |
Dusan Bruncko | 132 | 1042 | 84709 |
Gideon Bella | 129 | 1301 | 87905 |
Dirk Schadendorf | 127 | 1017 | 105777 |
Neal L. Benowitz | 126 | 792 | 60658 |
Thomas Schwarz | 123 | 701 | 54560 |
Meletios A. Dimopoulos | 122 | 1371 | 71871 |
Christian Weber | 122 | 776 | 53842 |