Institution
University of Kiel
Education•Kiel, Germany•
About: University of Kiel is a education organization based out in Kiel, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 27816 authors who have published 57114 publications receiving 2061802 citations. The organization is also known as: Christian Albrechts University & Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that within minutes internalized TNF-R1 (TNF receptosomes) recruits TRADD, FADD, and caspase-8 to establish the "death-inducing signaling complex" (DISC) and identified the TNF -R1 internalization domain (TRID) required for receptor endocytosis.
516 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors survey and discuss recent developments on the incentives provided by environmental policy instruments for both adoption and development of advanced abatement technology and conclude that under competitive conditions market based instruments usually perform better than command and control.
515 citations
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TL;DR: A small subpopulation of unmyelinated visceral afferents responds to high, presumably noxious, intravesical pressure and intraluminal application of chemical irritants and these novel types of chemosensitive receptors may contribute considerably to the pathogenesis of visceral pain states.
Abstract: 1. We examined the functional properties of unmyelinated primary afferent neurones innervating the pelvic viscera in twenty-five anaesthetized cats. The axons were isolated from the intact dorsal root and the intact or chronically de-efferented ventral root of the segment S2. All units were electrically identified with electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve. 2. The responses of the neurones were studied with natural stimulation of the urinary bladder using innocuous and noxious increases of intravesical pressure and at the onset of an acute artificial inflammation induced by intraluminal injection of mustard or turpentine oil. 3. Out of 297 unmyelinated afferent units isolated from the dorsal root, seven were excited by an increase of the intravesical pressure during contractions and distension of the urinary bladder. These units were silent when the bladder was empty and had thresholds of 30-50 mmHg which are presumed to be noxious. Further increases of the intravesical pressure were accurately encoded by the discharge rate of the fibres. Out of sixty-eight unmyelinated afferent units isolated from the ventral root none was activated by these stimuli. 4. Intraluminal injection of mustard oil excited mechanosensitive units at short latency. The discharge was not closely related to changes of the intravesical pressure and the units displayed on-going activity after the irritant had been removed. This observation suggests that the units had also chemosensitive properties and that the receptive endings were located in the bladder wall. 5. In sixteen cats ninety-five afferent fibres that were not activated by noxious mechanical stimuli of the urinary bladder were systematically tested with intraluminal injections of mustard oil. This excited 7/67 dorsal root units and 4/28 ventral root units with short latency. Intraluminal application of turpentine oil, tested on twenty-six afferents in four animals, did not produce a rapid excitation. 6. Following the induction of an inflammation some previously non-mechanosensitive units started to respond to changes of intravesical pressure in the biologically relevant pressure range of the urinary bladder. 7. In conclusion, a small subpopulation (2.4%) of unmyelinated visceral afferents responds to high, presumably noxious, intravesical pressure and intraluminal application of chemical irritants. Acute inflammation excites a larger proportion of afferents (9.5%) that are not activated by acute noxious mechanical stimulation of the normal urinary bladder. In the inflamed bladder some previously non-mechanosensitive units started to respond to increases of intravesical pressure. These novel types of chemosensitive receptors may contribute considerably to the pathogenesis of visceral pain states.
515 citations
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University of Cambridge1, University of Toronto2, University of Pennsylvania3, University of Southampton4, University of Helsinki5, University of Southern California6, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute7, Columbia University8, National Institutes of Health9, Mayo Clinic10, Leipzig University11, Claude Bernard University Lyon 112, University of Melbourne13, University of Utah14, Cancer Prevention Institute of California15, Vilnius University16, University of Latvia17, University of Copenhagen18, Complutense University of Madrid19, University of Turin20, University of Florence21, Sapienza University of Rome22, German Cancer Research Center23, Memorial Hospital of South Bend24, Erasmus University Rotterdam25, Utrecht University26, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital27, Churchill Hospital28, University Hospital of Wales29, University College London30, Fox Chase Cancer Center31, University of Kansas32, University of Cologne33, Technische Universität München34, Dresden University of Technology35, University of Kiel36, University of Düsseldorf37, Heidelberg University38, University of Ulm39, Hannover Medical School40, University of Münster41, Charité42, University of Würzburg43, University of Paris44, Georgetown University45, Laval University46, University of Padua47, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre48, University of Chicago49, Harvard University50, University of Delaware51, American Cancer Society52, Medical University of Vienna53, Ohio State University54, University of Southern Denmark55, University of Pisa56, Karolinska Institutet57, Lund University58, City of Hope National Medical Center59, University of California, San Francisco60, Roswell Park Cancer Institute61, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center62
TL;DR: Pathologic characteristics of BRCA1 and BRCa2 tumors may be useful for improving risk-prediction algorithms and informing clinical strategies for screening and prophylaxis.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, small studies have found that BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast tumors differ in their pathology. Analysis of larger datasets of mutation carriers should allow further tumor characterization.METHODS: We used data from 4,325 BRCA1 and 2,568 BRCA2 mutation carriers to analyze the pathology of invasive breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancers.RESULTS: There was strong evidence that the proportion of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast tumors decreased with age at diagnosis among BRCA1 (P-trend = 1.2 × 10(-5)), but increased with age at diagnosis among BRCA2, carriers (P-trend = 6.8 × 10(-6)). The proportion of triple-negative tumors decreased with age at diagnosis in BRCA1 carriers but increased with age at diagnosis of BRCA2 carriers. In both BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers, ER-negative tumors were of higher histologic grade than ER-positive tumors (grade 3 vs. grade 1; P = 1.2 × 10(-13) for BRCA1 and P = 0.001 for BRCA2). ER and progesterone receptor (PR) expression were independently associated with mutation carrier status [ER-positive odds ratio (OR) for BRCA2 = 9.4, 95% CI: 7.0-12.6 and PR-positive OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.3, under joint analysis]. Lobular tumors were more likely to be BRCA2-related (OR for BRCA2 = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.4-4.4; P = 4.4 × 10(-14)), and medullary tumors BRCA1-related (OR for BRCA2 = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.18-0.35; P = 2.3 × 10(-15)). ER-status of the first breast cancer was predictive of ER-status of asynchronous contralateral breast cancer (P = 0.0004 for BRCA1; P = 0.002 for BRCA2). There were no significant differences in ovarian cancer morphology between BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers (serous: 67%; mucinous: 1%; endometrioid: 12%; clear-cell: 2%).Conclusions/Impact: Pathologic characteristics of BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumors may be useful for improving risk-prediction algorithms and informing clinical strategies for screening and prophylaxis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 1-14. ©2011 AACR.
514 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used high angle X-ray scans of several samples inserted with different amounts of lithium to identify two distinct phases which are mutually interconvertible upon lithium exchange.
Abstract: Li{sub 1.33}Ti{sub 1.6}7O{sub 4} synthesized from Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2} was electrochemically inserted with lithium at room temperature. The defect spinel Li{sub 1.33}Ti{sub 1.67}O{sub 4} and the fully lithiated Li{sub 2.33}Ti{sub 1.67}O{sub 4} with ordered rock-salt-type structure show nearly identical X-ray diffractions. Due to similar lattice constants of both phases and the low scattering factor of the lithium ions, the identification of the insertion mechanism using X-ray powder diffraction is possible only by using high angle X-ray scans of several samples inserted with different amounts of lithium. Precise analysis of the obtained data supplies the evidence for the presence of two distinct phases which are mutually interconvertible upon lithium exchange. This result is in good agreement with electrochemical data postulating a two-phase mechanism from the constant electrical potential found during cycling.
513 citations
Authors
Showing all 28103 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Stefan Schreiber | 178 | 1233 | 138528 |
Jun Wang | 166 | 1093 | 141621 |
William J. Sandborn | 162 | 1317 | 108564 |
Jens Nielsen | 149 | 1752 | 104005 |
Tak W. Mak | 148 | 807 | 94871 |
Annette Peters | 138 | 1114 | 101640 |
Severine Vermeire | 134 | 1086 | 76352 |
Peter M. Rothwell | 134 | 779 | 67382 |
Dusan Bruncko | 132 | 1042 | 84709 |
Gideon Bella | 129 | 1301 | 87905 |
Dirk Schadendorf | 127 | 1017 | 105777 |
Neal L. Benowitz | 126 | 792 | 60658 |
Thomas Schwarz | 123 | 701 | 54560 |
Meletios A. Dimopoulos | 122 | 1371 | 71871 |
Christian Weber | 122 | 776 | 53842 |