University of Konstanz

About: University of Konstanz is a education organization based out in Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Visualization. The organization has 12115 authors who have published 27401 publications receiving 951162 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Constance & Universität Konstanz.

Emotion transmission in the classroom revisited: A reciprocal effects model of teacher and student enjoyment

Abstract: Enjoyment is one of the most relevant and frequently experienced discrete emotions for both teachers and students in classroom learning contexts. Based on theories of emotion transmission between interaction partners, we propose a reciprocal effects model linking teachers’ and students’ enjoyment in class. The model suggests that there are positive reciprocal links between teachers’ and students’ enjoyment and that these links are mediated by teachers’ and students’ observations of each other’s classroom behaviors. The model was tested using 3-wave longitudinal data collected across the 1st 6 months of a school year from N = 69 teachers (78% female) and their 1,643 students from Grades 5 to 10 (57% female). A multilevel structural equation model confirmed our mediation hypotheses. Teacher enjoyment at the beginning of the school year (Time 1 [T1]) was positively related to student perceptions of teachers’ enthusiasm during teaching 4 weeks later (T2), which was positively related to student enjoyment at midterm (T3). Further, student enjoyment at T1 was positively related to teacher perceptions of their students’ engagement in class at T2, which was positively related to teacher enjoyment at T3. This study is the first to provide longitudinal evidence of reciprocal emotion transmission between teachers and students. Implications for future research and teacher training are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)

Dynamical criterion for freezing of colloidal liquids.

Abstract: A simple dynamical criterion for crystallization of a colloidal fluid which undergoes Brownian motion is proposed, similar in spirit to the classic Lindemann melting rule. It states that the ratio of the long-time and short-time self-diffusion coefficients is a universal number very close to 0.1 along the freezing line. This phenomenological crystallization rule is confirmed both by Brownian dynamics simulations of a Yukawa liquid and by forced Rayleigh scattering experiments on charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions.

Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by carbon monoxide and inhibition by superoxide anion

Abstract: Human platelet soluble guanylate cyclase activity was studied with respect to the function of its heme-containing regulatory subunit. As an enzyme source, the 10000xg supernatant was used and, since its specific activity proved to be too low for inhibition studies, also a partially purified preparation was employed. The partially purified enzyme was stimulated about 2.5-fold by carbon monoxide and this effect was abolished by illumination with visible light. Sodium nitroprusside also increased the basal activity about fourfold, which, however, is much less than the > 100-fold stimulation seen with the supernatant. Superoxide anions generated by the xanthine/xanthine-oxidase system were strongly inhibitory in the enriched preparation as well as in the CO-stimulated platelet supernatant (median effector concentration = 0.1 mU/ml). Unlike CO and NO, the effect of superoxide cannot be mediated through the heme-containing regulatory subunit, since heme-free enzyme, which could not be activated by NO or CO, was inhibited to the same extent as the heme-containing enzyme. Superoxide dismutase did not influence the basal activity, but resulted in a synergistic stimulation in the presence of CO. When Mn2+ as a cofactor, the basal activity was higher but superoxide could not inhibit the enzyme, possibly due to the superoxide-dismutase-like activity of Mn2+. Superoxide turned out to be a potent and reversible inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase which, together with endothelium-derived relaxing factor, recently identified as NO, could form a physiologically relevant regulatory effector system.