University of Lapland

About: University of Lapland is a education organization based out in Rovaniemi, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Arctic & Context (language use). The organization has 665 authors who have published 1870 publications receiving 39129 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Rovaniemi & Lapin yliopisto.

Inferences from stable water isotopes on the Holocene evolution of Scharffenbergbotnen blue-ice area, East Antarctica

Abstract: We show that it is possible to extract a high-resolution (annual) paleoclimate record from the surface of a blue-ice area (BIA). The variability of the surface stable-isotope values suggests that almost all the surface ice in Scharffenbergbotnen BIA, East Antarctica, is of Holocene age. The isotopic changes across the BIA show that the modern climate there is warmer than the climate in the early- Holocene optimum (11 kyr BP). A volume-conserving ice flow model for the BIA constrained by isotopic variability and layer thicknesses, and a series of 14 C ages indicate both that the BIA has been smaller than now, and that the surface velocities were considerably smaller during the Last Glacial Maximum. Changes in ice-sheet thickness drive the BIA towards present-day conditions. The relatively young age of the majority of the BIA also explains the lack of meteorite finds in this area, and may be typical for many BIAs in low-elevation nunatak areas.

Arctic Indigenous Peoples and the Challenge of Climate Change

Abstract: This chapter presents climate change impacts on indigenous traditional harvesting, cultures, identities, traditional knowledge, economies, societies, health, and infrastructure in light of overall socioeconomic and political changes in the Arctic. Responses to these stressors can be autonomous (e.g., ad-hoc responses within communities) or planned (i.e., governmental strategies). Responses are evaluated here in light of the predominant scientific and political discourse on vulnerability and adaptive capacity. This dominant vulnerability-adaptation approach has had a major influence on policy developments and research, though requires greater problematization and critical overview. Therefore, notions of intervention, trusteeship, power, and the use of the language of crisis are discussed. As an outcome of these deliberations, further and genuine empowerment is presented as a primary response to climate change impacts and adaptation challenges.

Food sovereignty of the indigenous peoples in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia: response to COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract: This article presents the challenges facing reindeer herding as being both a profitable business and part of the traditional culture of the nomadic Indigenous peoples in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia which addresses substantial needs of the local population. Reindeer herding products are used as traditional nutrition, and as effective preventive means and remedies for adapting to the cold and geomagnetic activity in the High North. Export trends of traditional reindeer products have decreased local Indigenous peoples' access to venison and had a negative impact on their health. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is especially urgent for the Indigenous peoples to have sufficient access to traditional food and be involved in policy decision-making to maintain this traditional business. We aim to analyze the dependencies of Indigenous peoples on the reindeer produce-exporting "food value chain" and explore how (1) the independence of reindeer herders could be increased in these export chains and (2) how provision of their products to local communities could be secured. The study takes a multidisciplinary approach based on policy and socioeconomic analyses with input from medical research. Primary sources include data collected from interviews and surveys of Indigenous peoples during expeditions to the Nyda settlement, the Nydinskaya tundra, the Tazovsky settlement, the Tazovskaya tundra, the Nakhodka tundra, the Gyda and Gydansky settlements, the Yavai-Salinskaya tundra, the Seyakha settlement, the Seyakhinskaya and Tambeyskaya tundras located along the southern coast of the Ob Bay, the northeast coast of the Yamal Peninsula, the Tazovsky and Gydansky Peninsulas, and the Shuryshkarsky district. Data were collected during the summers and winters of 2014-2020.

Low male return rate due to clutch enlargements in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca)

Abstract: :Increased investment in reproduction during current breeding event may entail future fitness costs Even though a wide array of both theoretical and empirical work has been devoted to solve the problem of optimal reproductive rate, evidence for costs of reproduction has been equivocal In the present study we examined the survival of pied flycatcher parents after a clutch size manipulation where we altered clutch size with one or two eggs We monitored return rates and dispersal of parents during subsequent years after manipulation An artificial increase in reproductive effort caused lowered return rates of males Results on breeding dispersal did not support the explanation that observed low return rate was due to differences in dispersal Thus, it seemed that low return rate of males with increased reproductive effort was due to lower local survival No survival cost on females was evident, but return rate of females was too low for a proper test An analysis on reproductive success revealed t

In-Car Touch Screen Interaction: Comparing Standard, Finger-Specific and Multi-Finger Interaction

Abstract: In this paper, we explore a novel interaction technique for the automotive domain, distinguishing between different fingers when interacting with a touch screen, and compare it against standard and multi-finger gesture interaction. We conducted a pilot test (n=6) and final user evaluation of the interaction techniques (n=15) in an in-car context. We report that subjectively users found both alternative interaction techniques required less visual attention than normal touch screen interaction. Additionally, multi-finger interaction using 4 fingers simultaneously was found challenging by many users. Our approach targets to provide alternative interaction methods for touch screen UIs in cars, that reduce the amount of attention required for the interaction, and hence reduce the distraction from the concurrent driving task.