University of Lapland

About: University of Lapland is a education organization based out in Rovaniemi, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Arctic & Context (language use). The organization has 665 authors who have published 1870 publications receiving 39129 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Rovaniemi & Lapin yliopisto.

The role of health capital in health promotion

Abstract: Abreast Bourdieu's cultural, economic, social, and symbolic capital, O'Rand introduced human and personal capital as well as institutional, communal, and moral capital. In this article, the main focus is on health. Could health be defined as capital? What does health capital consist of? In this article, the concept of health capital is defined in relation to other capital types. The aim is to review and create a theoretical framework. The fundamental idea is that cherishing health creates a basis for happy life and well-being but health promotion requires new research and approaches. The concept of health capital is positively charged: it is something that is worth acquiring and investing in. Therefore, using the concept of health capital we can increase the appreciation of health.

The Impact of Directive (EU) 2016/680 on the Processing of Personal Data by Competent Authorities for the Purposes of the Prevention, Investigation, Detection or Prosecution of Criminal Offences or the Execution of Criminal Penalties and on the Free Movement of Such Data on the Existing Privacy Regime

Abstract: The intention of the EU parliament to ensure a high level of data protection while also ensuring that same does not inhibit the free flow of data in the realm of the investigation and prosecution of crime materialized into the adoption of Directive (EU) 2016/680 which will become applicable from 2018 repealing the Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA. This paper examines the changes that have been effected in the new Directive and how some of these provisions will play out on the Directive 95/46/EC being the general data protection directive which has been repealed by the Regulation (EU) 2016/679.The paper will also consider in some cases the relationship between the new Directive and the new Regulation. The Directive (EU) 2016/680 also provides for a lot of new data protection rules not existent under the previous regime. The effect/possible impact of these are discussed in this paper.

Understanding Risks Associated with Offshore Hydrocarbon Development

Abstract: Arctic sea ice is rapidly reducing due to climatic changes occurring in the region, allowing for easier access to vast amounts of undiscovered oil and gas resources. In recent years, growing interest in exploitation of Arctic hydrocarbon resources has led to an increase in exploration activity. Nevertheless, because of the Arctic’s harsh conditions, activities remain costly and are linked to serious environmental risks for vulnerable and unique Arctic ecosystems. Clean-up of potential oil spills would be highly complicated, if not impossible, and routine operational activities connected to hydrocarbon development, such as drilling or increased shipping traffic, have adverse consequences on marine flora and fauna. This chapter examines past, current, and potential future hydrocarbon activities in the Arctic, associated environmental impacts from accidents as well as normal operations, and possible cooperation between the European Union (EU) and United States (US) in mitigating the adverse environmental consequences of oil and gas development. Possibilities for transatlantic cooperation regarding hydrocarbon development in the Arctic are considered, including the use of legal and institutional frameworks to which both the EU and US have commitments.

Different response of two reindeer forage plants to enhanced UV-B radiation: modification of the phenolic composition

Abstract: The long-term effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the content and composition of leaf phenolics in Epilobium angustifolium L. and Eriophorum russeolum Fries ex Hartman were studied in northern Finland (68°N) using two UV-B enhancement experiments, both simulating UV-BCIE radiation and corresponding to a 20% loss of ozone layer. High proportions of hydrolyzable tannins (69%) and condensed tannins (66%) characterized both Epilobium and Eriophorum leaves, respectively. No UV treatment effect was detected in the content or composition of Epilobium leaf soluble phenolics, whereas significant UV effects were detected in Eriophorum leaves in a developmental-specific manner. At the end of the growing season, the proportion of total soluble phenolics was higher in leaves exposed to enhanced UV-A and UV-B radiation than in the control leaves, but the phenolic composition was not significantly modified. This study introduces a new example on plants’ phenolic response to UV radiation being species-specific and detectable only at certain developmental stages. Possible consequences of increased phenolic content in forage plants for selection and digestibility by reindeer are, however, not yet known.