Institution
University of Lausanne
Education•Lausanne, Switzerland•
About: University of Lausanne is a education organization based out in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 20508 authors who have published 46458 publications receiving 1996655 citations. The organization is also known as: Université de Lausanne & UNIL.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Immune system, Cytotoxic T cell, T cell
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Although some genes evolved novel functions through spatial/temporal expression shifts, most Y genes probably endured, at least initially, because of dosage constraints, and show notable conservation of proto-sex chromosome expression patterns.
Abstract: Y chromosomes underlie sex determination in mammals, but their repeat-rich nature has hampered sequencing and associated evolutionary studies. Here we trace Y evolution across 15 representative mammals on the basis of high-throughput genome and transcriptome sequencing. We uncover three independent sex chromosome originations in mammals and birds (the outgroup). The original placental and marsupial (therian) Y, containing the sex-determining gene SRY, emerged in the therian ancestor approximately 180 million years ago, in parallel with the first of five monotreme Y chromosomes, carrying the probable sex-determining gene AMH. The avian W chromosome arose approximately 140 million years ago in the bird ancestor. The small Y/W gene repertoires, enriched in regulatory functions, were rapidly defined following stratification (recombination arrest) and erosion events and have remained considerably stable. Despite expression decreases in therians, Y/W genes show notable conservation of proto-sex chromosome expression patterns, although various Y genes evolved testis-specificities through differential regulatory decay. Thus, although some genes evolved novel functions through spatial/temporal expression shifts, most Y genes probably endured, at least initially, because of dosage constraints. Using high-throughput genome and transcriptome sequencing, Y chromosome evolution across 15 representative mammals is explored, with results providing evidence for three independent sex chromosome originations in mammals and birds. Mammalian Y chromosomes, known for their roles in sex determination and male fertility, often contain repetitive sequences that make them harder to assemble than the rest of the genome. To counter this problem Henrik Kaessmann and colleagues have developed a new transcript assembly approach based on male-specific RNA/genomic sequencing data to explore Y evolution across 15 species representing all major mammalian lineages. They find evidence for two independent sex chromosome originations in mammals and one in birds. Their analysis of the Y/W gene repertoires suggests that although some genes evolved novel functions in sex determination/spermatogenesis as a result of temporal/spatial expression changes, most Y genes probably persisted, at least initially, as a result of dosage constraints. In a parallel study, Daniel Bellott and colleagues reconstructed the evolution of the Y chromosome, using a comprehensive comparative analysis of the genomic sequence of X–Y gene pairs from seven placental mammals and one marsupial. They conclude that evolution streamlined the gene content of the human Y chromosome through selection to maintain the ancestral dosage of homologous X–Y gene pairs that regulate gene expression throughout the body. They propose that these genes make the Y chromosome essential for male viability and contribute to differences between the sexes in health and disease.
454 citations
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University of Sheffield1, University of Lausanne2, University of Oxford3, University of Southampton4, University of Miami5, Columbia University6, University of Wisconsin-Madison7, University of Pittsburgh8, University of Cambridge9, United States Department of Agriculture10, American University of Beirut11, University of Gothenburg12, University of Manitoba13, University of New Mexico14, Leiden University Medical Center15, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy16, Geneva College17, International Osteoporosis Foundation18
TL;DR: The wish list of clinicians for the modulation of FRAX is large, but in many instances, these wishes cannot presently be fulfilled; however, an explanation and understanding of the reasons may be helpful in translating the information provided by FRAx into clinical practice.
Abstract: The introduction of the WHO FRAX® algorithms has facilitated the assessment of fracture risk on the basis of fracture probability. Its use in fracture risk prediction has strengths, but also limitations of which the clinician should be aware and are the focus of this review The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) appointed a joint Task Force to develop resource documents in order to make recommendations on how to improve FRAX and better inform clinicians who use FRAX. The Task Force met in November 2010 for 3 days to discuss these topics which form the focus of this review. This study reviews the resource documents and joint position statements of ISCD and IOF. Details on the clinical risk factors currently used in FRAX are provided, and the reasons for the exclusion of others are provided. Recommendations are made for the development of surrogate models where country-specific FRAX models are not available. The wish list of clinicians for the modulation of FRAX is large, but in many instances, these wishes cannot presently be fulfilled; however, an explanation and understanding of the reasons may be helpful in translating the information provided by FRAX into clinical practice.
454 citations
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TL;DR: This systematic review of 12 prospective cohort studies found that both subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were possibly associated with a small increased risk for coronary heart disease and mortality.
Abstract: The authors systematically reviewed 12 prospective cohort studies to determine whether subclinical thyroid dysfunction increases risk for coronary heart disease and death. Both subclinical hypothyr...
453 citations
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University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center1, Massachusetts Institute of Technology2, Harvard University3, Baylor College of Medicine4, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill5, Johns Hopkins University6, University of São Paulo7, University of Michigan8, Institute for Systems Biology9, University of Lausanne10, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center11, Translational Genomics Research Institute12, University of California, Santa Cruz13, Brigham and Women's Hospital14, University Health Network15, BC Cancer Agency16, Brown University17, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich18, Royal North Shore Hospital19, Kolling Institute of Medical Research20, National Institutes of Health21, Arizona State University22, University of Würzburg23
TL;DR: Integrated subtype analysis identified three ACC subtypes with distinct clinical outcome and molecular alterations which could be captured by a 68-CpG probe DNA-methylation signature, proposing a strategy for clinical stratification of patients based on molecular markers.
453 citations
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TL;DR: A model accounting for these observations places GacA function upstream of LasR and RhlR in the complex, cell‐density‐dependent signal‐transduction pathway regulating several exoproducts and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa via BHL.
Abstract: The global activator GacA, a highly conserved response regulator in Gram-negative bacteria, is required for the production of exoenzymes and secondary metabolites in Pseudomonas spp. The gacA gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was isolated and its role in cell-density-dependent gene expression was characterized. Mutational inactivation of gacA resulted in delayed and reduced formation of the cell-density signal N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (BHL), of the cognate transcriptional activator RhIR (VsmR), and of the transcriptional activator LasR, which is known to positively regulate RhIR expression. Amplification of gacA on a multicopy plasmid caused precocious and enhanced production of BHL, RhIR and LasR. In parallel, the gacA gene dosage markedly influenced the BHL/RhIR-dependent formation of the cytotoxic compounds pyocyanin and cyanide and the exoenzyme lipase. However, the concentrations of another known cell-density signal of P. aeruginosa, N-oxododecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, did not always match BHL concentrations. A model accounting for these observations places GacA function upstream of LasR and RhIR in the complex, cell-density-dependent signal-transduction pathway regulating several exoproducts and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa via BHL.
451 citations
Authors
Showing all 20911 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
Aaron R. Folsom | 181 | 1118 | 134044 |
Kari Alitalo | 174 | 817 | 114231 |
Ralph A. DeFronzo | 160 | 759 | 132993 |
Johan Auwerx | 158 | 653 | 95779 |
Silvia Franceschi | 155 | 1340 | 112504 |
Matthias Egger | 152 | 901 | 184176 |
Bart Staels | 152 | 824 | 86638 |
Fernando Rivadeneira | 146 | 628 | 86582 |
Christopher George Tully | 142 | 1843 | 111669 |
Richard S. J. Frackowiak | 142 | 309 | 100726 |
Peter Timothy Cox | 140 | 1267 | 95584 |
Jürg Tschopp | 140 | 328 | 86900 |
Stylianos E. Antonarakis | 138 | 746 | 93605 |
Michael Weller | 134 | 1105 | 91874 |