Institution
University of Lausanne
Education•Lausanne, Switzerland•
About: University of Lausanne is a education organization based out in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 20508 authors who have published 46458 publications receiving 1996655 citations. The organization is also known as: Université de Lausanne & UNIL.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Immune system, Cytotoxic T cell, T cell
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TL;DR: Using mice carrying a genetic redox imbalance, it is demonstrated that extracellular perineuronal nets, which constitute a specialized polyanionic matrix enwrapping most of these interneurons as they mature, play a critical role in the protection against oxidative stress.
Abstract: A hallmark of schizophrenia pathophysiology is the dysfunction of cortical inhibitory GABA neurons expressing parvalbumin, which are essential for coordinating neuronal synchrony during various sensory and cognitive tasks. The high metabolic requirements of these fast-spiking cells may render them susceptible to redox dysregulation and oxidative stress. Using mice carrying a genetic redox imbalance, we demonstrate that extracellular perineuronal nets, which constitute a specialized polyanionic matrix enwrapping most of these interneurons as they mature, play a critical role in the protection against oxidative stress. These nets limit the effect of genetically impaired antioxidant systems and/or excessive reactive oxygen species produced by severe environmental insults. We observe an inverse relationship between the robustness of the perineuronal nets around parvalbumin cells and the degree of intracellular oxidative stress they display. Enzymatic degradation of the perineuronal nets renders mature parvalbumin cells and fast rhythmic neuronal synchrony more susceptible to oxidative stress. In parallel, parvalbumin cells enwrapped with mature perineuronal nets are better protected than immature parvalbumin cells surrounded by less-condensed perineuronal nets. Although the perineuronal nets act as a protective shield, they are also themselves sensitive to excess oxidative stress. The protection might therefore reflect a balance between the oxidative burden on perineuronal net degradation and the capacity of the system to maintain the nets. Abnormal perineuronal nets, as observed in the postmortem patient brain, may thus underlie the vulnerability and functional impairment of pivotal inhibitory circuits in schizophrenia.
398 citations
TL;DR: The structure of the brain as a product of morphogenesis is difficult to reconcile with the observed complexity of cerebral connectivity, so relationships of adjacency and crossing between cerebral fiber pathways in four nonhuman primate species and in humans by using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging are analyzed.
Abstract: The structure of the brain as a product of morphogenesis is difficult to reconcile with the observed complexity of cerebral connectivity. We therefore analyzed relationships of adjacency and crossing between cerebral fiber pathways in four nonhuman primate species and in humans by using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. The cerebral fiber pathways formed a rectilinear three-dimensional grid continuous with the three principal axes of development. Cortico-cortical pathways formed parallel sheets of interwoven paths in the longitudinal and medio-lateral axes, in which major pathways were local condensations. Cross-species homology was strong and showed emergence of complex gyral connectivity by continuous elaboration of this grid structure. This architecture naturally supports functional spatio-temporal coherence, developmental path-finding, and incremental rewiring with correlated adaptation of structure and function in cerebral plasticity and evolution.
398 citations
University of Geneva1, University of Helsinki2, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven3, University of Washington4, University of Wisconsin-Madison5, Heidelberg University6, German Cancer Research Center7, University of Nottingham8, VU University Amsterdam9, University of California, Irvine10, University of California, San Francisco11, French Institute of Health and Medical Research12, Harvard University13, Maine Medical Center14, University of Turin15, National Institutes of Health16, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center17, University of Lausanne18, University of Missouri19, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne20, Uppsala University21, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences22, University of Bern23, University of Virginia24, Imperial College London25, University of California, San Diego26, University College London27, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology28, University of Oxford29, University of California, Los Angeles30, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center31, University of Toronto32, University of Illinois at Chicago33, University of Amsterdam34, George Washington University35, University of Liège36, University of Eastern Finland37, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research38, Indiana University39, University of Edinburgh40, Maastricht University41, Loyola University Medical Center42, National Scientific and Technical Research Council43, University of Bari44, University of Fribourg45, Ohio State University46, University of Melbourne47, University of Antwerp48, University of Münster49
TL;DR: In vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis are described and critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation are highlighted.
Abstract: The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
397 citations
TL;DR: In this article, anatomical segregation of brain activation associated with performance in sound identification and localization was investigated in 18 normal subjects using fMRI in three conditions: (i) comparison of spatial stimuli simulated with interaural time differences; (ii) identification of environmental sounds; and (iii) rest.
397 citations
University of Chicago1, University of Vermont2, McGill University3, University of California, San Diego4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, University of Colorado Colorado Springs6, University of California, Riverside7, Northwestern University8, University of Lausanne9, University of Würzburg10, Weizmann Institute of Science11
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that CD95 mediates not only apoptosis but also diverse nonapoptotic functions depending on the tissue and the conditions.
396 citations
Authors
Showing all 20911 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
| Aaron R. Folsom | 181 | 1118 | 134044 |
| Kari Alitalo | 174 | 817 | 114231 |
| Ralph A. DeFronzo | 160 | 759 | 132993 |
| Johan Auwerx | 158 | 653 | 95779 |
| Silvia Franceschi | 155 | 1340 | 112504 |
| Matthias Egger | 152 | 901 | 184176 |
| Bart Staels | 152 | 824 | 86638 |
| Fernando Rivadeneira | 146 | 628 | 86582 |
| Christopher George Tully | 142 | 1843 | 111669 |
| Richard S. J. Frackowiak | 142 | 309 | 100726 |
| Peter Timothy Cox | 140 | 1267 | 95584 |
| Jürg Tschopp | 140 | 328 | 86900 |
| Stylianos E. Antonarakis | 138 | 746 | 93605 |
| Michael Weller | 134 | 1105 | 91874 |