University of Lausanne

About: University of Lausanne is a education organization based out in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 20508 authors who have published 46458 publications receiving 1996655 citations. The organization is also known as: Université de Lausanne & UNIL.

Mechanisms of Antifungal Drug Resistance

Abstract: As fatalities associated with fungal infections continue to grow as a major global health issue, the need for effective antifungal treatment is crucial. The current number of effective therapeutic drug options, however, is limited. With this, the documented rise in antifungal drug resistance in recent years is a critical concern, as resistance development severely limits the ability to successfully treat fatal infection. In this chapter, we explain the unique mechanisms of action of each antifungal drug class, including the polyenes, azoles, echinocandins, allylamines, flucytosine, griseofulvin, and potassium iodide. Furthermore, we discuss other mechanisms of resistance including biofilms, chromosomal abnormalities, and mitochondrial defects.

Navigating metabolic pathways to enhance antitumour immunity and immunotherapy

Abstract: The development of immunotherapies over the past decade has resulted in a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer. However, the majority of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy, presumably owing to insufficient reprogramming of the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and thus limited reinvigoration of antitumour immunity. Various metabolic machineries and nutrient-sensing mechanisms orchestrate the behaviour of immune cells in response to nutrient availability in the TME. Notably, tumour-infiltrating immune cells typically experience metabolic stress as a result of the dysregulated metabolic activity of tumour cells, leading to impaired antitumour immune responses. Moreover, the immune checkpoints that are often exploited by tumour cells to evade immunosurveillance have emerging roles in modulating the metabolic and functional activity of T cells. Thus, repurposing of drugs targeting cancer metabolism might synergistically enhance immunotherapy via metabolic reprogramming of the TME. In addition, interventions targeting the metabolic circuits that impede antitumour immunity have been developed, with several clinical trials underway. Herein, we discuss how these metabolic circuits regulate antitumour immunity and the possible approaches to targeting these pathways in the context of anticancer immunotherapy. We also describe hypothetical combination treatments that could be used to better unleash the potential of adoptive cell therapies by enhancing T cell metabolism.

Bacterial Transcriptional Regulators for Degradation Pathways of Aromatic Compounds

Abstract: Human activities have resulted in the release and introduction into the environment of a plethora of aromatic chemicals. The interest in discovering how bacteria are dealing with hazardous environmental pollutants has driven a large research community and has resulted in important biochemical, genetic, and physiological knowledge about the degradation capacities of microorganisms and their application in bioremediation, green chemistry, or production of pharmacy synthons. In addition, regulation of catabolic pathway expression has attracted the interest of numerous different groups, and several catabolic pathway regulators have been exemplary for understanding transcription control mechanisms. More recently, information about regulatory systems has been used to construct whole-cell living bioreporters that are used to measure the quality of the aqueous, soil, and air environment. The topic of biodegradation is relatively coherent, and this review presents a coherent overview of the regulatory systems involved in the transcriptional control of catabolic pathways. This review summarizes the different regulatory systems involved in biodegradation pathways of aromatic compounds linking them to other known protein families. Specific attention has been paid to describing the genetic organization of the regulatory genes, promoters, and target operon(s) and to discussing present knowledge about signaling molecules, DNA binding properties, and operator characteristics, and evidence from regulatory mutants. For each regulator family, this information is combined with recently obtained protein structural information to arrive at a possible mechanism of transcription activation. This demonstrates the diversity of control mechanisms existing in catabolic pathways.

Second-Trimester Miscarriage in a Pregnant Woman With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Abstract: No data exist regarding the effect on fetuses of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during the first or second trimester of pregnancy, and data are limited regarding infections that occur during the third trimester. However, reports of newborns with fetal distress or requiring admission to the intensive care unit1,2 and a stillbirth after maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)3 in the third trimester suggest the possibility of COVID-19–induced placental pathology. We present a case of miscarriage during the second trimester in a pregnant woman with COVID-19.