University of Lincoln

About: University of Lincoln is a education organization based out in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Higher education. The organization has 2341 authors who have published 7025 publications receiving 124797 citations.

Property Rights and Natural Resources

Abstract: Chapter 1: Natural Resources, International Law and Property 1. Some Problems Concerning the Regulation of Natural Resources 2. Property and Sovereignty: Some Modes of Analysis 3. Scope and Orientation of this Study Chapter 2: The Private Function of Property 1. Introduction 2. Property and Excludability 3. Justifications of Property (a) Property as a Natural Right (b) Property as Liberty (c) Property as Utility (d) Economic Approaches to Property Rights (e) Property as Propriety (f) Property and Pluralism 4. Concluding Remarks Chapter 3: The Public Function of Property Rights 1. Introduction 2. A Template for the Public Function of Property: The Public Interest (a) The Nature and Identity of the Community (i) Plenary Legal Communities (ii) Types of Plenary Legal Community (iii) State and International Legal Community Contrasted (iv) Conclusions on Plenary Legal Communities and their Public Interests (b) The Categories of Public Interests (i) Operative Public Interests (ii) Normative Public Interests (iii) First Order Public Interests (iv) Second Order Public Interests (v) Third Order Public Interests (vi) The Relationship Between Orders of Public Interest 3. Public Interests and the Public Function of Property Chapter 4: Reconciling the Private and Public Functions of Property 1. Introduction 2. The Interface Between Private and Public Functions of Property (a) The Coincidence of Private Rights and Public Interests (b) Rights as Trumps (c) Public Interests as Trumps (d) A Determinable Relationship between Rights and Interests 3. Delimiting Justifications (a) Physical Factors that Shape the Relationship between the Private and Public Functions of Property (b) Legal Factors that Shape the Relationship between the Private and Public Functions of Property (c) Moral Factors that Shape the Relationship between the Private and Public Functions of Property 4. Forms of Property 5. Stewardship 6. Conclusions Chapter 5: The Influence of Property Concepts in the Development of Sovereign Rights over Ocean Space and Resources 1. Introduction 2. The Grotian Period: The Mare Clausum-Mare Liberum Debate (a) Background (b) Doctrinal and Theoretical Considerations 3. Freedom of the Seas (a) Background (b) Doctrinal and Theoretical Considerations 4. Consolidating Coastal State Control: Territorial Seas (a) Background (b) Doctrinal and Theoretical Considerations 5. The Emergence of Resource Regimes (a) Continental Shelf (b) Exclusive Economic Zone 6. Concluding Remarks Chapter 6: Sovereignty and Property: General Considerations 1. Introduction 2. Territorial Sovereignty as Property 3. The Scope of Sovereignty (or Its Private Incidents) 4. Restrictions on the Exercise of Sovereignty (a) General Limits on the Use of Natural Resources (b) Limits on the Use of Natural Resources Under International Environmental Law 5. Sovereignty Bounded Chapter 7: Sovereignty, Property and Maritime Zones 1. Introduction 2. Maritime Zones and the Scope for Property Rights (a) Territorial Sea (b) Archipelagic Waters (c) Continental Shelf (d) Exclusive Economic Zone (e) Maritime Delimitation 3. Concluding Remarks Chapter 8: Property Rights and Fisheries 1. Introduction 2. Forms of Property in Rights-Based Fisheries Management Systems (a) Input Controls (b) Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries (c) Individual Quotas (d) Community Development Quotas (e) Stock Use Rights in Fisheries (f) Summary 3. Domestic Implementation of Property Rights-Based Management Systems (a) Australia (b) Canada (c) Iceland (d) New Zealand (e) United States 4. An Appraisal of Rights-Based Measures (a) Economic Consequences of Rights-based Measures (b) Conservation and Management Consequences of Rights-based Measures (c) Allocational Consequences of Rights-based Measures 5. Legal Aspects of Rights-Based Fisheries Chapter 9: Conclusion

Adopting a knowledge translation approach in healthcare co-production. A case study.

Abstract: The paper aims to contribute to the debate concerning the use of knowledge translation for implementing co-production processes in the healthcare sector. The study investigates a case study, in which design was used to trigger knowledge translation and foster co-production.,The paper employs a case study methodology by analysing the experience of “Oncology in Motion”, a co-production program devoted to the recovery of breast cancer patients carried on by the IRCCS C.R.O. of Aviano, Italy.,Results show how design could help to translate knowledge from various stakeholders with different skills (e.g. scientists, physicians, nurses) and emotional engagement (e.g. patients and patients' associations) during all the phases of a co-production project to support breast cancer patients in a recovery path. Stewardship theory is used to show that oncology represents a specific research context.,The paper highlights the vast practical contribution that design can have in empowering knowledge translation at different levels and in a variety of co-production phases, among different stakeholders, facilitating their engagement and the achievement of the desired outcomes.,The paper contributes to the literature on knowledge translation in co-production projects in the healthcare sector showing how design can be effectively implemented.

Human Spontaneous Gaze Patterns in Viewing of Faces of Different Species

Abstract: Clear differences in perceptual and neural processing of faces of different species have been reported, implying the contribution of visual experience to face perception. Can these differences be revealed by our eye scanning patterns while we extract salient facial information? Here, we systematically compared non-pet-owners' gaze patterns while exploring human, monkey, dog, and cat faces in a passive viewing task. Our analysis revealed that the faces of different species induced similar patterns of fixation distribution between left and right hemiface, and among key local facial features, with the eyes attracting the highest proportion of fixations and viewing times, followed by the nose, and then the mouth. Only the proportion of fixations directed at the mouth region was species-dependent and could be differentiated at the earliest stage of face viewing. Our spontaneous eye-scanning patterns associated with face exploration appear to have been mainly constrained by general facial configurations; the species affiliation of the inspected faces had limited impact on gaze allocation, at least under free-viewing conditions.

Comparative evolutionary genetics of deleterious load in sorghum and maize

Abstract: Sorghum and maize share a close evolutionary history that can be explored through comparative genomics1,2. To perform a large-scale comparison of the genomic variation between these two species, we analysed ~13 million variants identified from whole-genome resequencing of 499 sorghum lines together with 25 million variants previously identified in 1,218 maize lines. Deleterious mutations in both species were prevalent in pericentromeric regions, enriched in non-syntenic genes and present at low allele frequencies. A comparison of deleterious burden between sorghum and maize revealed that sorghum, in contrast to maize, departed from the domestication-cost hypothesis that predicts a higher deleterious burden among domesticates compared with wild lines. Additionally, sorghum and maize population genetic summary statistics were used to predict a gene deleterious index with an accuracy greater than 0.5. This research represents a key step towards understanding the evolutionary dynamics of deleterious variants in sorghum and provides a comparative genomics framework to start prioritizing these variants for removal through genome editing and breeding. Comparative genomics revealed similar distribution patterns of deleterious mutations in maize and sorghum but a post-domestication reduction of genetic load in sorghum, which is probably caused by sorghum’s high selfing rate and unique domestication history.

Mitochondrial DNA variation and systematics of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe, Artiodactyla: Camelidae)

Abstract: Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) are the most important native herbivorous species in the South American steppes and the dominant ungulate in a fauna rich in rodents but poor in large mammal species. Between 2 and 4 subspecies are usually recognized within Lama guanicoe, based on subtle morphological differences and geographic distribution. To evaluate whether molecular variation is consistent with the latter hypotheses, we analyzed the complete cytochrome-b and partial control region mitochondrial DNA sequences of L. guanicoe from 22 localities in Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. Sequence analyses of both genes support the monophyly of the species but failed to distinguish the occurrence of subspecies along the geographic range. Despite that, the northernmost populations (Peru and northern Chile) showed some degree of genetic differentiation with respect to southern representatives from Argentina, Bolivia, and rest of Chile. Analysis of genetic diversity also showed a strong signal of past low population size and a recent population expansion.