University of Lincoln

About: University of Lincoln is a education organization based out in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Higher education. The organization has 2341 authors who have published 7025 publications receiving 124797 citations.

Proton computed tomography reconstruction using a backprojection-then-filtering approach

Abstract: A novel approach to proton CT reconstruction using backprojection-then-filtering (BPF) is proposed. A list-mode algorithm is formulated accommodating non-linear proton paths. The analytical form is derived for the deblurring kernel necessary for the filtering step. Further, a finite matrix correction is derived to correct for the limited size of the backprojection matrix. High quantitative accuracy in relative stopping power is demonstrated (⩽0.1%) using Monte Carlo simulations. This accuracy makes the algorithm a promising candidate for future proton CT systems in proton therapy applications. For the purposes of reconstruction, each proton path in the object-of-interest was estimated based on a cubic spline fit to the proton entry and exit vectors. The superior spatial-resolution of the BPF method over the standard filtering-then-backprojection approach is demonstrated. As the BPF algorithm requires only one backprojection and filtering operation on a scan data set, it also offers computational advantages over an iterative reconstruction approach.

Persistent regional unemployment differentials revisited

Abstract: Gray D. (2004) Persistent regional unemployment differentials revisited, Reg. Studies 38, 167–176. Based on bivariate and multivariate cointegration, three inferences concerning the nature of the British regional unemployment rates are drawn. First, regional unemployment rates are characterized by long-run, persistent relationships. The differentials are maintained by equilibrating systemic forces that induce co-movements of rates in the long-run, implying that decreasing the national rate of unemployment will reduce regional rates, but not eliminate differentials. Second, multivariate cointegration provides a richer picture of unemployment co-movements compared with bivariate analysis. Third, East Anglia does not revert to an equilibrium relationship with the other regions, suggesting that it is not constrained to follow the common trends driving the British regional system in the long-run.

Impulsive for life? The nature of long-term impulsivity in domestic dogs

Abstract: Individual differences in impulsivity occur at a cognitive and/or behavioural level and are associated with differing life outcomes. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence to support the long-term stability of these characteristics in non-human animals. This study reports on the stability of convergent measures of impulsivity in domestic dogs assessed more than 6 years apart. Measures were (1) owner assessment by means of a questionnaire, the validated 'Dog Impulsivity Assessment Scale' (DIAS) and (2) dogs' performance in a delayed reward choice test. Dogs had 15-min free access to two food dispensers, one dispensing a piece of food immediately, the other dispensing three pieces after a delay, which increased by 1 s every other time the dogs sampled it. Maximum delay reached in this task reflects decision-making, or cognitive impulsivity, whereas the rate of extra presses on the delayed reward device during the delay can be considered as a measure of motor or behavioural impulsivity. DIAS scores were strongly and significantly correlated across years. The maximum delay reached in the behaviour test was also highly stable, whereas paw-pressing rate was uncorrelated between the years. These results demonstrate that cognitive but not motor impulsivity is highly consistent over time in dogs.

Validity and reliability of a linear positional transducer across commonly practised resistance training exercises.

Abstract: This study investigated the validity and reliability of the GymAware PowerTool (GPT). Thirteen resistance trained participants completed three visits, consisting of three repetitions of free-weight...

Teaching Children and Parents to Understand Dog Signaling.

Abstract: Safe human-dog relationships require understanding of dogs' signaling. As children are at particularly high risk of dog bites, we investigated longitudinally how children from 3 to 5 years and parents perceive and interpret dogs' distress signaling gestures. All participants were then taught how to link their perception of the dog with the correct interpretation of dogs' behavioral signals and tested again. Results show a significant increase in learning for children and adults, with them showing greater understanding of dogs' signaling after intervention. Better learning effects were found with increasing age and depended on the type of distress signaling of the dogs. Effects endured over time and it can be concluded that children and adults can be taught to interpret dogs' distress signaling more correctly. Awareness and recognition of dogs' stress signaling can be seen as an important first step in understanding the dog's perspective and are vital to enable safe interactions.