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Institution

University of Lincoln

EducationLincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
About: University of Lincoln is a education organization based out in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Higher education. The organization has 2341 authors who have published 7025 publications receiving 124797 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Exposure to risks such as poverty is an important factor driving the overrepresentation of minority groups in the child welfare system, and effective strategies for reducing maltreatment must include strategies for reduced poverty and supporting young at-risk mothers.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:: In the United States, over 6 million children were referred to child protective services in 2012. Black children are overrepresented among children investigated for child abuse and neglect. Understanding why black children are disproportionately reported for maltreatment is critical to informing policy and practice solutions. Two competing theories attribute disproportionality to either racial bias or concentrated risk factors. Although prior work has focused on national data, this study examines the relationship between risk factors and maltreatment at the state level, focusing on outcomes for young children. METHOD:: We examine the relationship between early childhood poverty and maltreatment victimization across white, black, and Hispanic children (0-3 years). Using state-level data (N = 48), we determine ratios of disproportionate outcomes in child maltreatment and associations to poverty and other risk factors. RESULTS:: Study findings for state-level data show greater disproportionality of black and Hispanic children living in poverty relative to their white counterparts. This imbalance is associated with greater disproportionality in maltreatment rates. RESULTS also indicate that disproportionality of maltreatment rates was associated with state disproportionality in rates of unmarried and teenage mothers for blacks and Hispanics. CONCLUSION:: Exposure to risks such as poverty is an important factor driving the overrepresentation of minority groups in the child welfare system. Effective strategies for reducing maltreatment must include strategies for reducing poverty and supporting young at-risk mothers. Language: en

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that the measurement model that was learned from local grey-scale features could improve on the performance of the elliptic contour model, and that both models could be combined to further improve performance with minimal extra computational cost.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Surgeons and surgery departments have shown resilience in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, but it will be necessary to adopt new strategies to move into the transition phase and eventually the full recovery phase.
Abstract: Surgeons and surgery departments have shown resilience in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. As the situation stabilizes, it will be necessary to adopt new strategies to move into the transition phase and eventually the full recovery phase.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This survey clearly shows that, although there are good models for optimal walking behaviour, high-level psychological and social modelling of pedestrian behaviour still remains an open research question that requires many conceptual issues to be clarified.
Abstract: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) must share space with pedestrians, both in carriageway cases such as cars at pedestrian crossings and off-carriageway cases such as delivery vehicles navigating through crowds on pedestrianized high-streets. Unlike static obstacles, pedestrians are active agents with complex, interactive motions. Planning AV actions in the presence of pedestrians thus requires modelling of their probable future behavior as well as detecting and tracking them. This narrative review article is Part II of a pair, together surveying the current technology stack involved in this process, organising recent research into a hierarchical taxonomy ranging from low-level image detection to high-level psychological models, from the perspective of an AV designer. This self-contained Part II covers the higher levels of this stack, consisting of models of pedestrian behavior, from prediction of individual pedestrians’ likely destinations and paths, to game-theoretic models of interactions between pedestrians and autonomous vehicles. This survey clearly shows that, although there are good models for optimal walking behavior, high-level psychological and social modelling of pedestrian behavior still remains an open research question that requires many conceptual issues to be clarified. Early work has been done on descriptive and qualitative models of behavior, but much work is still needed to translate them into quantitative algorithms for practical AV control.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of the role of temporal glucose variation on the development of large for gestational age (LGA) infants in women with treated gestational diabetes mellitus revealed that mothers of LGA infants run significantly higher glucose overnight compared with mothers without LGA babies.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides far greater detail about fetal exposure to maternal glucose across the 24-h day. Our aim was to examine the role of temporal glucose variation on the development of large for gestational age (LGA) infants in women with treated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a prospective observational study of 162 pregnant women with GDM in specialist multidisciplinary antenatal diabetes clinics. Participants undertook 7-day masked CGM at 30–32 weeks’ gestation. Standard summary indices and glycemic variability measures of CGM were calculated. Functional data analysis was applied to determine differences in temporal glucose profiles. LGA was defined as birth weight ≥90th percentile adjusted for infant sex, gestational age, maternal BMI, ethnicity, and parity. RESULTS Mean glucose was significantly higher in women who delivered an LGA infant (6.2 vs. 5.8 mmol/L, P = 0.025, or 111.6 mg/dL vs. 104.4 mg/dL). There were no significant differences in percentage time in, above, or below the target glucose range or in glucose variability measures (all P > 0.05). Functional data analysis revealed that the higher mean glucose was driven by a significantly higher glucose for 6 h overnight (0030–0630 h) in mothers of LGA infants (6.0 ± 1.0 mmol/L vs. 5.5 ± 0.8 mmol/L, P = 0.005, and 108.0 ± 18.0 mg/dL vs. 99.0 ± 14.4 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS Mothers of LGA infants run significantly higher glucose overnight compared with mothers without LGA infants. Detecting and addressing nocturnal glucose control may help to further reduce rates of LGA in women with GDM.

69 citations


Authors

Showing all 2452 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
David R. Williams1782034138789
David Scott124156182554
Hugh S. Markus11860655614
Timothy E. Hewett11653149310
Wei Zhang96140443392
Matthew Hall7582724352
Matthew C. Walker7344316373
James F. Meschia7140128037
Mark G. Macklin6926813066
John N. Lester6634919014
Christine J Nicol6126810689
Lei Shu5959813601
Frank Tanser5423117555
Simon Parsons5446215069
Christopher D. Anderson5439310523
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202350
2022193
2021913
2020811
2019735
2018694