University of Lisbon

About: University of Lisbon is a education organization based out in Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & European union. The organization has 19122 authors who have published 48503 publications receiving 1102623 citations. The organization is also known as: Universidade de Lisboa & Lisbon University.

Superior thermal features of carbon nanotubes-based nanofluids – A review

Abstract: Recent progresses in research on several key thermal features and potential applications of carbon nanotubes-laden nanofluids are reviewed and addressed. Besides briefing on the preparation of these nanofluids, available studies on conduction, convection and boiling heat transfers of this specific class of nanofluids are discussed in detail. Effects of different parameters such as concentration of carbon nanotube and temperature on thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer coefficient, and boiling critical heat flux are also demonstrated. It is found that despite inconsistencies among available data and inconclusive heat transfer mechanisms, substantial increase in these thermal features of carbon nanotubes-nanofluids compared to their base fluids remain undisputed. In addition to the work on specific heat and thermal diffusivity, available theoretical models and heat transfer mechanisms of this particular type of nanofluids are presented and discussed. Research on a new class of nanofluids termed as “ionanofluids” is also reported. Review reveals that ionanofluids exhibit superior thermal properties compared to their base ionic liquids and these properties further increase with increasing concentration of carbon nanotube as well as fluid temperature to some extent. Carbon nanotubes based both nanofluids and ionanofluids show great potential as advanced heat transfer fluids in many important applications.

Family burden and coping strategies in schizophrenia: 1-year follow-up data from the BIOMED I study.

Abstract: Background: To date, only few data are available on how family burden in schizophrenia changes over time. In addition, no study has explored how such factors as coping styles and social support influence burden over time. This paper presents the 1-year follow-up data from the BIOMED I study on family burden and coping strategies in schizophrenia. Methods: A sample of 159 relatives of patients with schizophrenia living in five European countries was followed up prospectively for 1 year with regard to burden and coping strategies, using validated questionnaires. Results: In the sample as a whole, the burden was stable. A reduction of family burden over time was found among relatives who adopted less emotion-focused coping strategies and received more practical support from their social network. In addition, family burden decreased in relation to the improvement of patient's social functioning. Conclusions: When relatives of patients with schizophrenia are able to improve their coping strategies, it is possible for burden to be reduced even after several years. This points to the necessity to provide families of chronic psychotic patients with psychoeducational interventions emphasising the adoption of an effective coping style.

Reducing meat consumption and following plant-based diets: Current evidence and future directions to inform integrated transitions

Abstract: Background There is increasing consensus that transitioning towards reduced meat consumption and more plant-based diets is a key feature to address important health and sustainability challenges. However, relevant evidence that may inform these transitions remains fragmented with no overarching rationale or theoretical framework, which limits the ability to design and deliver coordinated efforts to address these challenges. Scope and approach Eleven databases were systematically searched using sets of keywords referring meat curtailment, meat substitution and plant-based diets, as well as consumer choice, appraisal or behavior (2602 articles selected for title and abstract screening; 161 full-texts assessed for eligibility; 110 articles selected for extraction and coding). Barriers and enablers were identified and integrated into an overarching framework (i.e., COM-B system), which conceptualizes behavior as being influenced by three broad components: capability, opportunity and motivation. Key findings and conclusions This review mapped potential barriers and enablers in terms of capability, opportunity, and motivation to reduce meat consumption and follow more plant-based diets. These included lack of information for consumers and difficulty to acquire new cooking skills (barrier, capability), changes in service provision in collective meal contexts (enabler, opportunity), and positive taste expectations for plant-based meals (enabler, motivation). Evidence on variables referring to the motivation domain is clearly increasing, but there is a striking need for studies that include capability and opportunity variables as well. The results of this review are relevant to a variety of fields and audiences interested in promoting sustainable living and health improvements through dietary choice.