University of Lisbon

About: University of Lisbon is a education organization based out in Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 19122 authors who have published 48503 publications receiving 1102623 citations. The organization is also known as: Universidade de Lisboa & Lisbon University.

Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 4.7 fb − 1 of s = 7 TeV proton-proton collision data

Abstract: A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum and no high-p(T) electrons or muons is presented. The data represent the complete sample recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS experiment in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, with a total integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1). No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed. Gluino masses below 860 GeV and squark masses below 1320 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and a massless neutralino, for squark or gluino masses below 2 TeV, respectively. Squarks and gluinos with equal masses below 1410 GeV are excluded. In minimal supergravity/constrained minimal supersymmetric Standard Model models with tan beta = 10, A(0) = 0 and mu > 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 1360 GeV. Constraints are also placed on the parameter space of supersymmetric models with compressed spectra. These limits considerably extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous measurements with the ATLAS detector.

Policies for biosimilar uptake in Europe: An overview.

Abstract: markdown__Background__ Across European countries, differences exist in biosimilar policies, leading to variations in uptake of biosimilars and divergences in savings all over Europe. __Objectives__ The aim of this article is to provide an overview of different initiatives and policies that may influence the uptake of biosimilars in different European countries. Recommendations will be formulated on how to create sustainable uptake. __Methods__ An overview of policies on biosimilars was obtained via a questionnaire, supplemented with relevant articles. Topics were organized in five themes: availability, pricing, reimbursement, demand-side policies, and recommendations to enhance uptake. __Results__ In all countries studied, biological medicines are available. Restrictions are mainly dependent on local organization of the healthcare system. Countries are willing to include biosimilars for reimbursement, but for commercial reasons they are not always marketed. In two thirds of countries, originator and biosimilar products may be subjected to internal reference pricing systems. Few countries have implemented specific incentives targeting physicians. Several countries are implementing pharmacist substitution; however, the scope and rules governing such substitution tend to vary between these countries. Reported educational policies tend to target primarily physicians, whereas fewer initiatives were reported for patients. Recommendations as proposed by the different country experts ranged from the need for information and communication on biosimilars to competitive pricing, more support for switching and guidance on substitution. __Conclusions__ Most countries have put in place specific supply-side policies for promoting access to biosimilars. To supplement these measures, we propose that investments should be made to clearly communicate on biosimilars and educate stakeholders. Especially physicians need to be informed on the entry and use of biosimilars in order to create trust. When physicians are well-informed on the treatment options, further incentives should be offered to prescribe biosimilars. Gainsharing can be used as an incentive to prescribe, dispense or use biosimilars. This approach, in combination with binding quota, may support a sustainable biosimilar market.

Generalized energy conditions in Extended Theories of Gravity

Abstract: In this work, we consider the further degrees of freedom related to curvature invariants and scalar fields in extended theories of gravity (ETG) These new degrees of freedom can be recast as ``effective fluids'' that differ in nature with respect to the standard matter fluids generally adopted as sources of the field equations It is, thus, somewhat misleading to apply the standard general relativistic energy conditions to this effective energy-momentum tensor, as the latter contains the matter content and a geometrical quantity, which arises from the specific ETG considered Here we explore this subtlety, extending our previous work, in particular, to cases with the contracted Bianchi identities with diffeomorphism invariance and to cases with generalized explicit curvature-matter couplings, which imply the nonconservation of the energy-momentum tensor Furthermore, we apply the analysis to specific ETGs, such as scalar-tensor gravity and $f(R)$ gravity Thus, in the context of ETGs, interesting results appear such as matter that may exhibit unusual thermodynamical features, for instance, gravity that retains its attractive character in the presence of large negative pressures; or alternatively, we verify that repulsive gravity may occur for standard matter

The structure and stability of molecular cloud cores in external radiation fields

Abstract: We have considered the thermal equilibrium in pre-protostellar cores in the approximation where the dust tempera- ture is independent of interactions with the gas and where the gas is heated both by collisions with dust grains and ionization by cosmic rays. We have then used these results to study the stability of cores in hydrostatic equilibrium in the limit where thermal pressure dominates over magnetic field and turbulence. We compare the density distribution derived in this manner with results obtained in the isothermal case. We find that for cores with characteristics similar to those observed in nearby molecular clouds, the gas and dust temperatures are coupled in the core interior with densities above ∼3×10 4 cm −3 . As a consequence, one expects that the gas temperature like the dust temperature decreases towards the center of these objects. However, the regime where gas and dust temperatures are coupled coincides approximately with that in which CO and many other molecular species deplete onto dust grain surfaces. At larger radii and lower densities, the gas and dust temperatures decouple and the gas temperature tends to the value expected for cosmic ray heating alone. The density structure which one computes taking into account such deviations from isothermality are not greatly different from that expected for an isothermal Bonnor-Ebert sphere. It is impossi- ble in the framework of these models to have a stable equilibrium core with mass above ∼5 Mand column density compatible with observed values (NH > 2 × 10 22 cm −2 or AV > 10 mag). We conclude from this that observed high mass cores are either supported by magnetic field or turbulence or are already in a state of collapse. Lower mass cores on the other hand have stable states where thermal pressure alone provides support against gravitation and we conclude that the much studied object B68 may be in a state of stable equilibrium if the internal gas temperature is computed in self-consistent fashion. Finally we note that in molecular clouds such as Ophiuchus and Orion with high radiation fields and pressures, gas and dust temperatures are expected to be well coupled and hence in the absence of an internal heat source, one expects temperatures to decrease towards core centers and to be relatively high as compared to low pressure clouds like Taurus.