University of Lorraine

About: University of Lorraine is a education organization based out in Nancy, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Nonlinear system. The organization has 11942 authors who have published 25010 publications receiving 425227 citations. The organization is also known as: Lorraine University.

Adventitious root formation in tree species: involvement of transcription factors

Abstract: Adventitious rooting is an essential step in the vegetative propagation of economically important horticultural and woody species. Populus has emerged as an experimental model for studying processes that are important in tree growth and development. It is highly useful for molecular genetic analysis of adventitious roots in trees. In this short review, we will highlight the recent progress made in the identification of transcription factors involved in the control of adventitious rooting in woody species. Their regulation will be discussed.

Patterns of benthic community traits in neotropical streams: relationship to mesoscale spatial variability

Abstract: Previously tested in temperate ecoregions, the River Habitat Templet concept provides a framework for relating the characteristics of species (i.e. traits indicating species ecological functions) to habitat attributes. As species traits are comparable among most faunal groups, they can be used to examine community patterns in ecological functions at a large spatial scale, even across areas that differ in the taxonomic composition of their communities. If local physical attributes produce similar trait patterns on a global scale, the River Habitat Templet can serve as a general predictive tool of community characteristics regardless of geographical zones. We studied eight biological traits in 82 neotropical taxa: i) food, ii) feeding habits, iii) respiration, iv) maximum body size, v) body fl exibility, vi) body form, vii) specifi c adaptation to fl ow constraints and viii) mobility and attachment to substratum. A multivariate approach was used to examine taxonomic and functional (trait) differences in macro-invertebrate assemblages among study sites. Proportions of trait modalities were examined in relation to Froude number, substratum roughness and benthic organic matter availability at mesohabitat scale. Even if communities differed taxonomically, they were functionally similar. Thirty of 46 trait modalities of neotropical aquatic taxa were signifi cantly related to at least one selected environmental attribute. The results clearly support the habitat templet as a major driver of macroinvertebrate community structure in neotropical running waters. But the observed ‘trait/habitat’ relationships did not suffi ciently match those from temperate areas for us to confi rm the existence of gene-ral rules organizing functional trait structure among benthic invertebrate communities that would be applicable in different climatic regions.

Damage and fracture of dual-phase steels: Influence of martensite volume fraction

Abstract: The influence of the martensite volume fraction (Vm) on the damage and fracture behavior of dual-phase steels was studied by combining experiments and micromechanical modeling. A transition in the dominating damage mechanism is observed when varying Vm. Martensite fracture dominates the void nucleation process at high Vm, while interface decohesion prevails at low Vm. Damage accumulation accelerates when Vm increases, resulting in a decrease of the fracture strain. Brittle fracture areas are observed in uniaxial tensile specimens for a sufficiently high Vm. The damage mechanisms and evolution are rationalized using a micromechanical analysis based on periodic finite element cell calculations. The results show that Vm is a key factor for controlling the balance between strength and fracture resistance.

Acoustic Focusing and Energy Confinement Based on Multilateral Metasurfaces

Abstract: The authors describe a $c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}g-u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p-s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e$ approach to harvesting energy from ubiquitous, ambient low-frequency sound. They design multilateral metasurfaces composed of a labyrinthine series, for acoustic focusing and energy confinement. Control of the first reflection, coupling effects, and multiple reflections between and among the metasurfaces are discussed.