University of Lorraine

About: University of Lorraine is a education organization based out in Nancy, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Nonlinear system. The organization has 11942 authors who have published 25010 publications receiving 425227 citations. The organization is also known as: Lorraine University.

Operator Entanglement in Interacting Integrable Quantum Systems: The Case of the Rule 54 Chain.

Abstract: In a many-body quantum system, local operators in the Heisenberg picture O(t)=e^{iHt}Oe^{-iHt} spread as time increases. Recent studies have attempted to find features of that spreading which could distinguish between chaotic and integrable dynamics. The operator entanglement-the entanglement entropy in operator space-is a natural candidate to provide such a distinction. Indeed, while it is believed that the operator entanglement grows linearly with time t in chaotic systems, we present evidence that it grows only logarithmically in generic interacting integrable systems. Although this logarithmic growth has been previously established for noninteracting fermions, there has been no progress on interacting integrable systems to date. In this Letter we provide an analytical upper bound on operator entanglement for all local operators in the "Rule 54" qubit chain, a cellular automaton model introduced in the 1990s [Bobenko et al., CMP 158, 127 (1993)CMPHAY0010-361610.1007/BF02097234], and recently advertised as the simplest representative of interacting integrable systems. Physically, the logarithmic bound originates from the fact that the dynamics of the models is mapped onto the one of stable quasiparticles that scatter elastically. The possibility of generalizing this scenario to other interacting integrable systems is briefly discussed.

Highlights during the development of electrochemical engineering

Abstract: Over the last century, electrochemical engineering has contributed significantly to societal progress by enabling development of industrial processes for manufacturing chemicals, such as chlorine and the Nylon precursor adiponitrile, as well as a wide range of metals including aluminium and zinc. In 2011, ca. 17 M tonne Cu p.a. was electro-refined to 99.99%+ purity required by electrical and electronic engineering applications, such as for electrodepositing with exquisite resolution multi-layer inter-connections in microprocessors. Surface engineering is widely practised industrially e.g. to protect steels against corrosion e.g. by electroplating nickel or using more recent novel self-healing coatings. Complex shapes of hard alloys that are difficult to machine can be fabricated by selective dissolution in electrochemical machining processes. Electric fields can be used to drive desalination of brackish water for urban supplies and irrigation by electrodialysis with ion-permeable membranes; such fields can also be used in electrokinetic soil remediation processes. Rising concerns about the consequences of CO2 emissions has led to the rapidly increasing development and deployment of renewable energy systems, the intermittency of which can be mitigated by energy storage in e.g. redox flow batteries for stationary storage and novel lithium batteries with increased specific energies for powering electric vehicles, or when economically viable, in electrolyser-fuel cells. The interface between electrochemical technology and biotechnology is also developing rapidly, with applications such as microbial fuel cells. Some of these applications are reviewed, the challenges assessed and current trends elucidated in the very active area of Chemical Engineering bordering with material science and electrochemistry.

TREM-1 Mediates Inflammatory Injury and Cardiac Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction

Abstract: Rationale: Optimal outcome after myocardial infarction (MI) depends on a coordinated healing response in which both debris removal and repair of the myocardial extracellular matrix play a major role. However, adverse remodeling and excessive inflammation can promote heart failure, positioning leucocytes as central protagonists and potential therapeutic targets in tissue repair and wound healing after MI. Objective: In this study, we examined the role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) in orchestrating the inflammatory response that follows MI. TREM-1, expressed by neutrophils and mature monocytes, is an amplifier of the innate immune response. Methods and Results: After infarction, TREM-1 expression is upregulated in ischemic myocardium in mice and humans. Trem-1 genetic invalidation or pharmacological inhibition using a synthetic peptide (LR12) dampens myocardial inflammation, limits neutrophils recruitment and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production, thus reducing classical monocytes mobilization to the heart. It also improves left ventricular function and survival in mice (n=20–22 per group). During both permanent and transient myocardial ischemia, Trem-1 blockade also ameliorates cardiac function and limits ventricular remodeling as assessed by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomographic imaging and conductance catheter studies (n=9–18 per group). The soluble form of TREM-1 (sTREM-1), a marker of TREM-1 activation, is detectable in the plasma of patients having an acute MI (n=1015), and its concentration is an independent predictor of death. Conclusions: These data suggest that TREM-1 could constitute a new therapeutic target during acute MI.