Institution
University of Lorraine
Education•Nancy, France•
About: University of Lorraine is a education organization based out in Nancy, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Nonlinear system. The organization has 11942 authors who have published 25010 publications receiving 425227 citations. The organization is also known as: Lorraine University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: It is reported that thermal fatigue, a mechanism of rock weathering and fragmentation with no subsequent ejection, is the dominant process governing regolith generation on small asteroids and that thermal fragmentation induced by the diurnal temperature variations breaks up rocks larger than a few centimetres more quickly than do micrometeoroid impacts.
Abstract: Space missions1, 2 and thermal infrared observations3 have shown that small asteroids (kilometre-sized or smaller) are covered by a layer of centimetre-sized or smaller particles, which constitute the regolith. Regolith generation has traditionally been attributed to the fall back of impact ejecta and by the break-up of boulders by micrometeoroid impact4, 5. Laboratory experiments6 and impact models4, however, show that crater ejecta velocities are typically greater than several tens of centimetres per second, which corresponds to the gravitational escape velocity of kilometre-sized asteroids. Therefore, impact debris cannot be the main source of regolith on small asteroids4. Here we report that thermal fatigue7, 8, 9, a mechanism of rock weathering and fragmentation with no subsequent ejection, is the dominant process governing regolith generation on small asteroids. We find that thermal fragmentation induced by the diurnal temperature variations breaks up rocks larger than a few centimetres more quickly than do micrometeoroid impacts. Because thermal fragmentation is independent of asteroid size, this process can also contribute to regolith production on larger asteroids. Production of fresh regolith originating in thermal fatigue fragmentation may be an important process for the rejuvenation of the surfaces of near-Earth asteroids, and may explain the observed lack of low-perihelion, carbonaceous, near-Earth asteroids10.
318 citations
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Max Planck Society1, Spanish National Research Council2, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies3, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf4, University of Leeds5, University of California, San Diego6, University of California, Santa Cruz7, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory8, University of Kiel9, Ikerbasque10, University of Lorraine11, Kaiserslautern University of Technology12, New York University13, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic14, University of Nottingham15, Technische Universität Darmstadt16, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology17
TL;DR: The 2017 Magnetism Roadmap as mentioned in this paper is the most recent edition of the magnetism roadmap, which is intended to provide a reference point and guideline for emerging research directions in modern magnetism.
Abstract: Building upon the success and relevance of the 2014 Magnetism Roadmap, this 2017 Magnetism Roadmap edition follows a similar general layout, even if its focus is naturally shifted, and a different group of experts and, thus, viewpoints are being collected and presented. More importantly, key developments have changed the research landscape in very relevant ways, so that a novel view onto some of the most crucial developments is warranted, and thus, this 2017 Magnetism Roadmap article is a timely endeavour. The change in landscape is hereby not exclusively scientific, but also reflects the magnetism related industrial application portfolio. Specifically, Hard Disk Drive technology, which still dominates digital storage and will continue to do so for many years, if not decades, has now limited its footprint in the scientific and research community, whereas significantly growing interest in magnetism and magnetic materials in relation to energy applications is noticeable, and other technological fields are emerging as well. Also, more and more work is occurring in which complex topologies of magnetically ordered states are being explored, hereby aiming at a technological utilization of the very theoretical concepts that were recognised by the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics. Given this somewhat shifted scenario, it seemed appropriate to select topics for this Roadmap article that represent the three core pillars of magnetism, namely magnetic materials, magnetic phenomena and associated characterization techniques, as well as applications of magnetism. While many of the contributions in this Roadmap have clearly overlapping relevance in all three fields, their relative focus is mostly associated to one of the three pillars. In this way, the interconnecting roles of having suitable magnetic materials, understanding (and being able to characterize) the underlying physics of their behaviour and utilizing them for applications and devices is well illustrated, thus giving an accurate snapshot of the world of magnetism in 2017. The article consists of 14 sections, each written by an expert in the field and addressing a specific subject on two pages. Evidently, the depth at which each contribution can describe the subject matter is limited and a full review of their statuses, advances, challenges and perspectives cannot be fully accomplished. Also, magnetism, as a vibrant research field, is too diverse, so that a number of areas will not be adequately represented here, leaving space for further Roadmap editions in the future. However, this 2017 Magnetism Roadmap article can provide a frame that will enable the reader to judge where each subject and magnetism research field stands overall today and which directions it might take in the foreseeable future. The first material focused pillar of the 2017 Magnetism Roadmap contains five articles, which address the questions of atomic scale confinement, 2D, curved and topological magnetic materials, as well as materials exhibiting unconventional magnetic phase transitions. The second pillar also has five contributions, which are devoted to advances in magnetic characterization, magneto-optics and magneto-plasmonics, ultrafast magnetization dynamics and magnonic transport. The final and application focused pillar has four contributions, which present non-volatile memory technology, antiferromagnetic spintronics, as well as magnet technology for energy and bio-related applications. As a whole, the 2017 Magnetism Roadmap article, just as with its 2014 predecessor, is intended to act as a reference point and guideline for emerging research directions in modern magnetism.
317 citations
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TL;DR: The data indicate that Gal-3 is required for inflammatory and fibrotic responses to Aldo in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a key role forGal-3 in vascular fibrosis.
Abstract: Objective— Aldosterone (Aldo) is involved in arterial stiffness and heart failure, but the mechanisms have remained unclear. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, plays an important role in inflammation, fibrosis, and heart failure. We investigated here whether Gal-3 is involved in Aldo-induced vascular fibrosis.
Methods and Results— In rat vascular smooth muscle cells Gal-3 overexpression enhanced specifically collagen type I synthesis. Moreover Gal-3 inhibition by modified citrus pectin or small interfering RNA blocked Aldo-induced collagen type I synthesis. Rats were treated with Aldo-salt combined with spironolactone or modified citrus pectin for 3 weeks. Hypertensive Aldo-treated rats presented vascular hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and increased aortic Gal-3 expression. Spironolactone or modified citrus pectin treatment reversed all the above effects. Wild-type and Gal-3 knock-out mice were treated with Aldo for 6 hours or 3 weeks. Aldo increased aortic Gal-3 expression, inflammation, and collagen type I in wild-type mice at both the short- and the long-term, whereas no changes occurred in Gal-3 knock-out mice.
Conclusion— Our data indicate that Gal-3 is required for inflammatory and fibrotic responses to Aldo in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a key role for Gal-3 in vascular fibrosis.
316 citations
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TL;DR: A review of more than hundred papers on new technologies and the new available supply chains methods are analysed and contrasted to understand the future paths of the Agri-Food domain.
315 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, Tkatchenko and Scheffler proposed a method to correct density functional calculations for the missing van der Waals interactions, which is implemented in the Vienna ab initio simulation package (vasp) code and tested on a wide range of solids.
Abstract: The method proposed by Tkatchenko and Scheffler [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 073005 (2009)] to correct density functional calculations for the missing van der Waals interactions is implemented in the Vienna ab initio simulation package (vasp) code and tested on a wide range of solids, including noble-gas crystals, molecular crystals ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$-N${}_{2}$, sulfur dioxide, benzene, naphthalene, cytosine), layered solids (graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, vanadium pentoxide, MoS${}_{2}$, NbSe${}_{2}$), chain-like structures (selenium, tellurium, cellulose I), ionic crystals (NaCl, KI), and metals (nickel, zinc, cadmium). In addition to the original formulation expressing the van der Waals (vdW) corrections as pairwise potentials whose strength is derived from the rescaled polarizabilities of the neutral free atoms, the self-consistently screened ($\text{TS}+\text{SCS}$) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 236402 (2012)] variant of the method involving electrodynamic response effects has been examined. Analytical expressions for the forces acting on the atoms and for the components of the stress tensor needed for the relaxation of the volume and shape of the unit cell using the $\text{TS}+\text{SCS}$ method are derived. While the calculated structures are reasonably close to experiment, the van der Waals corrections to the binding energies are often found to be overestimated in comparison with experimental data. The $\text{TS}+\text{SCS}$ approach leads to significantly better results in some problematic cases, such as the binding energy of graphite. However, there is room for further improvements, in particular for strongly ionic systems.
314 citations
Authors
Showing all 12161 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Jonathan I. Epstein | 138 | 1121 | 80975 |
Peter Tugwell | 129 | 948 | 125480 |
David Brown | 105 | 1257 | 46827 |
Faiez Zannad | 103 | 839 | 90737 |
Sabu Thomas | 102 | 1554 | 51366 |
Francis Martin | 98 | 733 | 43991 |
João F. Mano | 97 | 822 | 36401 |
Jonathan A. Epstein | 94 | 299 | 27492 |
Muhammad Imran | 94 | 3053 | 51728 |
Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet | 90 | 901 | 34120 |
Athanase Benetos | 83 | 391 | 31718 |
Michel Marre | 82 | 444 | 39052 |
Bruno Rossion | 80 | 337 | 21902 |
Lyn March | 78 | 367 | 62536 |
Alan J. M. Baker | 76 | 234 | 26080 |