University of Lorraine

About: University of Lorraine is a education organization based out in Nancy, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 11942 authors who have published 25010 publications receiving 425227 citations. The organization is also known as: Lorraine University.

Evaluation of kidney function throughout the heart failure trajectory - a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology.

Abstract: Appropriate interpretation of changes in markers of kidney function is essential during the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Historically, kidney function was primarily assessed by serum creatinine and the calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate. An increase in serum creatinine, also termed worsening renal function, commonly occurs in patients with heart failure, especially during acute heart failure episodes. Even though worsening renal function is associated with worse outcome on a population level, the interpretation of such changes within the appropriate clinical context helps to correctly assess risk and determine further treatment strategies. Additionally, it is becoming increasingly recognized that assessment of kidney function is more than just glomerular filtration rate alone. As such, a better evaluation of sodium and water handling by the renal tubules allows to determine the efficiency of loop diuretics (loop diuretic response and efficiency). Also, though neurohumoral blockers may induce modest deteriorations in glomerular filtration rate, their use is associated with improved long-term outcome. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of cardio-renal interactions in heart failure in symptom development, disease progression and prognosis is essential. Indeed, perhaps even misinterpretation of kidney function is a leading cause of not attaining decongestion in acute heart failure and insufficient dosing of guideline-directed medical therapy in general. This position paper of the Heart Failure Association Working Group on Cardio-Renal Dysfunction aims at improving insights into the interpretation of renal function assessment in the different heart failure states, with the goal of improving heart failure care.

The reverse transcription signature of N-1-methyladenosine in RNA-Seq is sequence dependent.

Abstract: The combination of Reverse Transcription (RT) and high-throughput sequencing has emerged as a powerful combination to detect modified nucleotides in RNA via analysis of either abortive RT-products or of the incorporation of mismatched dNTPs into cDNA Here we simultaneously analyze both parameters in detail with respect to the occurrence of N-1-methyladenosine (m(1)A) in the template RNA This naturally occurring modification is associated with structural effects, but it is also known as a mediator of antibiotic resistance in ribosomal RNA In structural probing experiments with dimethylsulfate, m(1)A is routinely detected by RT-arrest A specifically developed RNA-Seq protocol was tailored to the simultaneous analysis of RT-arrest and misincorporation patterns By application to a variety of native and synthetic RNA preparations, we found a characteristic signature of m(1)A, which, in addition to an arrest rate, features misincorporation as a significant component Detailed analysis suggests that the signature depends on RNA structure and on the nature of the nucleotide 3' of m(1)A in the template RNA, meaning it is sequence dependent The RT-signature of m(1)A was used for inspection and confirmation of suspected modification sites and resulted in the identification of hitherto unknown m(1)A residues in trypanosomal tRNA

Insight into organometallic intermediate and its evolution to covalent bonding in surface-confined ullmann polymerization.

Abstract: We provide insight into surface-catalyzed dehalogenative polymerization, analyzing the organometallic intermediate and its evolution into planar polymeric structures. A combined study using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and first-principles calculations unveils the structural conformation of substrate-bound phenylene intermediates generated from 1,4-dibromobenzene precursors on Cu(110), showing the stabilizing role of the halogen. The appearance of covalently bonded conjugated structures is followed in real time by fast-XPS measurements (with an acquisition time of 2 s per spectrum and heating rate of 2 K/s), showing that the detaching of phenylene units from the copper substrate and subsequent polymerization occur upon annealing above 460 ± 10 K.

Systematic review with meta-analysis: comparative efficacy of immunosuppressants and biologics for reducing hospitalisation and surgery in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Abstract: SummaryIntroduction Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have a progressive course leading to hospitalisation and surgery. The ability of existing therapies to alter disease course is not clearly defined. Aim To investigate the comparative efficacy of currently available inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies to reduce hospitalisation and surgery. Methods We conducted a systematic review in MEDLINE/PubMed for randomised controlled trials (RCT) published between January 1980 and May 2016 examining efficacy of biological or immunomodulator therapy in IBD. We performed direct comparisons of pooled proportions of hospitalisation and surgery. Pair-wise comparisons using a random-effects Bayesian network meta-analysis were performed to assess comparative efficacy of different treatments. Results We identified seven randomised controlled trials (5 CD; 2 UC) comparing three biologics and one immunomodulator with placebo. In CD, anti-TNF biologics significantly reduced hospitalisation [Odds ratio (OR) 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–0.60] and surgery (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.13–0.42) compared to placebo. No statistically significant reduction was noted with azathioprine or vedolizumab. Azathioprine was inferior to both infliximab and adalimumab in preventing CD-related hospitalisation (>97.5% probability). Anti-TNF biologics significantly reduced hospitalisation (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.80) and surgery (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.97) in UC. There were no statistically significant differences in the pair-wise comparisons between active treatments. Conclusions In CD and UC, anti-TNF biologics are efficacious in reducing the odds of hospitalisation by half and surgery by 33–77%. Azathioprine and vedolizumab were not associated with a similar improvement, but robust conclusions may be limited due to paucity of RCTs.