Showing papers by "University of Louisville published in 1976"
TL;DR: In this article, an empirical procedure for probing autobiographical memory was assessed, and four properties of the recollections were assessed: latency, age of occurrence, temporal specificity of memory report, and type of experience.
299 citations
TL;DR: In both tissues, the decrease in mitochondrial volume density was the result of a decrease in the mitochondrial numerical density; the average volume of the mitochondrion remained constant throughout life.
Abstract: Mitochondria in sections of liver and heart (wall of left ventricle) from C57BL/6J mice, 8, 30 and 43 to 44 mo. old, were analyzed, using sterological techniques. The mitochondrial volume density decreased with age in both tissues: in liver the value estimated as 43 to 44 mo. of age was 65% the value estimated at 8 mo. of age; in the heart the 43 to 44 mo. value was 84% of the 8-mo. value. In both tissues, the decrease in mitochondrial volume density was the result of a decrease in the mitochondrial numerical density; the average volume of the mitochondrion remained constant throughout life.
124 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the melanin-cation affinity may account for the metal content reported for the pigment containing structures of the eye and may reflect dietary history or soil content of metals in grazing areas of domesticated animals rather than inherent properties of pigment-containing cells.
123 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that category ratings of perceived exertion according to the Borg (RPE) Scale offer a sensitive and reliable measure of stress encountered during work.
Abstract: The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the reliability of the Borg (RPE) Scale under a variety of experimental conditions. Fourteen sedentary female subjects performed six repeated work tasks (12 in all) distributed over four experimental testing sessions and presented in a randomized order. Work tasks involved treadmill walking and jogging, cycling, and stool stepping. Work loads were presented in progressive (step-wise), oscillating, or single load submaximal intensities. During work, heart rate (HR) was recorded at regular intervals and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were elicited either at regular intervals (interval) or only during the final minute of work (terminal). RPE responses were found to be highly reproducible whether interval or terminal. High correlations were also found between interval and terminal RPE responses. RPE demonstrated a strong relationship with HR and work intensity. It was concluded that category ratings of perceived exertion according to the Borg (RPE) Scale offer a sensitive and reliable measure of stress encountered during work.
113 citations
TL;DR: In 19 of 22 patients the potential map expression was outside the normal range, whereas only eight standard electrocardiograms revealed persistent Q waves with a duration greater than 30 msec, and the mid and late activation changes are related to ischemically induced alterations in the temporal sequence of ventricular excitation.
Abstract: Extensive body surface potential recording was performed in 22 patients 2 to 4 weeks after an acute inferoposterior myocardial infarction. Serial isometric projection maps were viewed millisecond by millisecond throughout ventricular excitation, and a second series of maps were examined after removal of the expected range of normal potential distribution. Three major findings outside the normal range appeared: (1) In 6 patients, an early zone of abnormal positivity developed in the left anterior chest at xiphoid level between 15 and 30 msec after onset of the QRS complex; (2) in 13 other patients, a large zone of positivity developed high on the left anterior chest (subclavicular region) between 30 and 60 msec after QRS onset; and (3) in 8 patients the long-lasting rim of negativity about the lower chest was strictly abnormal compared with the expected range. Thus, in 19 of 22 patients the potential map expression was outside the normal range, whereas only eight standard electrocardiograms revealed persistent Q waves with a duration greater than 30 msec. We believe the mid and late activation changes are related to ischemically induced alterations in the temporal sequence of ventricular excitation, not easily appreciated by conventional means of recording, but obvious with the departure map technique.
113 citations
01 May 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of laboratory scale studies conducted to delineate the effect of such parameters on the kinetics of adsorption of phenols are reported, including hydronium ion concentration, temperature, initial adsorbate concentration, size of adsorbent, competitive adsorptions, and type of adorbate.
Abstract: The removal of phenols from aqueous solution via activated carbon adsorption is a feasible approach to diminishing the concentration of these contaminants in drinking waters. However, both the kinetics of adsorption and the extent of adsorption at equilibrium are dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the adsorbate, adsorbent, and experimental system. Results of laboratory scale studies conducted to delineate the effect of such parameters on the kinetics of adsorption of phenols are reported. Parameters evaluated include: hydronium ion concentration, temperature, initial adsorbate concentration, size of adsorbent, competitive adsorption, and type of adsorbate. In addition, the nature of the rate limiting step in the adsorption process of phenols is described.
110 citations
TL;DR: Women at highest risk for cervical cancer, in the low socioeconomic quartile, had a better initial screening rate than the two middleincome quartiles, and had the highest rate of all women for subsequent rescreening.
Abstract: Data from a 21-year period are presented to evaluate the effects of a mass cytologic screening program on uterine cancer morbidity and mortality in Louisville, Jefferson County, Kentucky. The success of screening was greatest in the younger age groups. There was a fall-off after age 45 years, especially in those age 60 years or older. Women at highest risk for cervical cancer, in the low socioeconomic quartile, had a better initial screening rate than the two middleincome quartiles, and had the highest rate of all women for subsequent rescreening. The greatest decrease in both morbidity and mortality was in women under the age of 50 years. Women age 30–39 and 50–59 years benefitted the most, as measured by mortality, with a decrease of 70.8 and 69.0%, respectively. There was no change in mortality rates for those age 70 years or older. Although there was individual benefit among the screenees with endometrial carcinoma, the average annual age-adjusted rate increased from 13.2 to 15.3/100,000 women over the 21-year period.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between Health Opinion Survey scores (a widely used psychiatric assessment instrument), marital status, marital history, length of marital status and several sociodemographic variables and found that low socioeconomic status (SES) was the strongest predictor of high scores.
Abstract: Previous research (cf. Gove) has suggested that the higher rates of mental illness among females may be due to the greater stress associated with the marital role for women in our society. Using data (N = 3674) gathered as part of a major epidemiologic study in the southeastern United States, the authors examine the relationships between Health Opinion Survey scores (a widely used psychiatric assessment instrument), marital status, marital history, length of marital status, and several sociodemographic variables. As anticipated, higher scores for females across race and in most marital statuses were found. But when data were analyzed via multiple regression which controlled for sociodemographic and marital status factors, it was found that low socioeconomic status (SES) was the strongest predictor of high scores. Being female was also significant. The only significant marital status variable in the equation was being separated. Persons who had been married more than once also had significantly elevated scores. Marital status, length of present status, and history of previous marital statuses were not powerful predictors of mental health problems: most of the explained variance was subsumed by sociodemographic variables. The authors conclude that the disproportionately high rates of mental illness among females cannot be accounted for by marital status and its incumbent stresses and suggest that other explanations need to be explored. The relationship between sex roles, marital status, and mental illness has received recently an increasing amount of attention in the social science and psychiatric literature (Brodsky: Clancy and Gove; Cooperstock; Gittleman-Klein and Klein: Gove; Gove and Tudor; Overall; Pokorny and Overall; Redick; Rosen et al.)1 Findings from these and other studies indicate that females in our society have higher rates of mental illness than males and/or that they more often seek treatment for problems related to psychiatric distress. The reasons for these differential rates have not been definitively established although a number of hypotheses have been offered. For example, Phillips and Segal have argued that the higher rates for females are due to methodological factors associated with response biases, e. g., naysaying and social desirability, a position refuted by Clancy and Gove. Gurin et al. have suggested the higher rates for females result from their finding marriage less satisfying than males. Others have contended that role strain, particularly as engendered by the changing status of females in industrial societies, produces ambiguous *This research was made possible by MH Grant No. 24740-01.
90 citations
TL;DR: There is a significant group of previously exposed workers who will require careful monitoring to detect functional abnormalities of the liver and possible early neoplastic changes, and the reduction of industrial chemical exposure has already been achieved.
Abstract: Fifteen male workers exposed to vinyl chloride developed angiosarcoma of the liver. Thirteen died of disease and two are currently living for short periods after diagnosis. Their ages ranged from 36 to 58 years (average 47.5 years). Their exposure time ranged from 4 to 27.8 years (average 16.9 years). The most common presenting symptoms were fatigue, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Hepatomegaly followed by splenomegaly were the most common physical findings. Biochemical profiles yielded variable results and proved to be of little value in the detection or diagnosis. Of eight patients autopsied, distant organ involvement was present in two cases, duodenal involvement in one, and direct extension of tumor to adjacent organs or tissues in four additional ones. The remainder, diagnosed by open liver biopsy, revealed no tumor extension. The gross features of the tumors were hemorrhagic necrosis, cystic degeneration, fibrosis, and apparent multicentricity. The histologic features were those of the typical angiosarcoma found in a variety of sites with a wide range of cellular differentiation. The histologic diagnosis was often impaired by the extensive tumor necrosis. Elsewhere in the liver subcapsular fibrosis, a distinct type of portal fibrosis, and endothelial cell hyperplasia with or without sinusoidal dilatation were noted. The reduction of industrial chemical exposure has already been achieved and will hopefully eliminate this chemically related tumor in the future. There is, however, a significant group of previously exposed workers who will require careful monitoring to detect functional abnormalities of the liver and possible early neoplastic changes.
78 citations
TL;DR: The data support the views: different tissues in the same organism age independently; and mitochondrial inner and outer membranes have a semi-independent existence.
Abstract: Mitochondria in sections of left ventricular wall and liver from C57BL/6J mice, 9, 18, and 36 mo. old, were analyzed using stereological procedures. At 9 mo. of age mu2 cristae surface per mu3 cytoplasm(Sv-c/c was fivefold greater in heart compared with liver reflecting the larger values in the former for both mu2 cristae surface per mu3 mitochondrion (Sv-c/m) and mu3 mitochondria per mu3 cytoplasm (Vv-m):Sv-c/c = Sv-c/m. Vv-m. At 36 mo. in both tissues, Sv-c/c had decreased to 65% of the earlier value. This was due to a decrease in Vv-m alone in heart and both Vv-m and Sv-c/m in liver. In both tissues the number of mitochondria per mu3 cytoplasm (Nv-m) also decreased with age while mu3 organelle average volume (vm) remained constant, supporting previous observations: Vv-m = Nv-m-vm. These data support the views: different tissues in the same organism age independently; and mitochondrial inner and outer membranes have a semi-independent existence.
75 citations
TL;DR: The correlations revealed no systematic relation between the similarity of appearance and the similarities of behaviors for either the identical twin pairs or the same-sex fraternal twin pairs, and the assumption that twins' behaviors are more alike because they are more similar in appearance does not seem warranted.
Abstract: Questionnaires rating twins' physical similarity and similarity of dress were obtained from the parents of 121 identical and 70 same-sex fraternal twin pairs. Within-pair difference scores on several behavioral measures (two intelligence tests, two perceptual tests, one reading test, one test of speech articulation, and one personality inventory) were correlated with the twins' scores for physical similarity and similarity of dress. The correlations revealed no systematic relation between the similarity of appearance and the similarity of behaviors for either the identical twin pairs or the same-sex fraternal twin pairs. The assumption that twins' behaviors are more alike because they are more similar in appearance does not seem warranted.
TL;DR: Livers of 38 channel catfish were studied by light and electron microscopy and the morphology of hepatocytes, endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, fat-storing cells, macrophages, exocrine pancreatic cells, and epithelium of bile pre-ductules and ducts was described.
Abstract: Livers of 38 channel catfish were studied by light and electron microscopy and the morphology of hepatocytes, endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, fat-storing cells, macrophages, exocrine pancreatic cells, and epithelium of bile pre-ductules and ducts was described, Hepatocytes contained large peri-canalicular bodies which showed acid hydrolase activity. A comparison between catfish liver and that of other teleosts was made. The applicability of the findings to pathobiological studies of teleost liver is described.
TL;DR: The results are discussed in terms of (a) prenatal influences that differntially affect birth size within MZ pairs and DZ pairs, and (b) the rapid convergence of each twin on his genetic growth curve.
Abstract: Heights and weights were analysed for 636 twins who had been repeatedly measured from birth to 4 years. MZ twins were less concordant for birth weight than DZ twins, principally as a result of a few MZ pairs who exhibited very large differences. By one year of age, however, MZ twins had become more concordant for weight (Rmz = 0-87) while DZ twins moved further apart (Rdz = 0-55). For height, at birth, the MZ correlation was 0-58 while the DZ correlation was 0-82, but by 2 years, the MZ correlation reached 0-89 and the DZ correlation regressed to 0-58. The actual size differences within pairs followed a parallel course--for MZ twins, the differences became smaller following birth, whereas DZ differences became larger. The results are discussed in terms of (a) prenatal influences that differntially affect birth size within MZ pairs and DZ pairs, and (b) the rapid convergence of each twin on his genetic growth curve.
TL;DR: The nature of the steroid binding site in alpha1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) was investigated by chemical modification of individual amino acids and subsequent examination of the binding affinity for progesterone, and it is concluded that a lysyl residue is located in the binding site.
TL;DR: Pore-water pressure response in saturated intact specimens of Berea sandstone, Salem limestone, Vermont marble and Barre granite to undrained increase in all-round stress, was measured in a special...
Abstract: Pore-water pressure response in saturated intact specimens of Berea sandstone, Salem limestone, Vermont marble and Barre granite to undrained increase in all-round stress, was measured in a special...
TL;DR: In a retrospective study, the high incidence of 75 urological complications after abdominoperineal resection in 52 patients was analyzed to anticipate as well as to minimize or eliminate these highly significant complications.
TL;DR: A review of behavioral interventions for ecological rebalance can be found in this article, where the authors present a survey of 32 studies that have been conducted since 1970, focusing on changing the probability of an ecology-related response; all studies incorporated basic methodologies applicable for large-scale, community programs; most of the investigations were conducted in field settings.
Abstract: Recent applications of operant technology, including the manipulation of environmental conditions and response consequences, have been directed toward the improvement of man-environment relations. This document summarizes the research designs, procedures, results, and conclusions of these recent behavioral interventions for ecological rebalance. Each of the 32 studies reviewed was undertaken since 1970; all studies were relatively successful in changing the probability of an ecology-related response; all studies incorporated basic methodologies applicable for large-scale, community programs; most of the investigations were conducted in field settings (e.g., college campuses, grocery stores, mobile-trailer parks, homes, movie theaters, public campgrounds, and a football stadium). Several of the studies are as yet unpublished. Sources for receiving documentation of the unpublished research are provided in this document. About 50% of the investigations reviewed were designed to influence behaviors related to environmental litter; the others were of behavior-modification programs that substantially increased bus-ridership, decreased lawn-trampling, promoted the purchase of drinks in returnable rather than throwaway containers, initiated a recycling process, or reduced energy consumption. Essentially, the interventions were either preventive in nature (i.e., designed to discourage environment-destructive behaviors before they occur), or remedial (i.e., designed to encourage behaviors that correct an existing environmental problem). Usually, the preventive measures emphasized responses priming (or prompting), while the corrective measures applied some form of positive reinforcement. Response priming was accomplished with modelling techniques, or with written and/or verbal prompts presented either publicly or on a personal, one-to-one basis. Among the positive reinforcement procedures were field applications of token economies, lottery systems, feedback programming, and intergroup contests, as well as individual contingency contracting. Some experimental designs provided for comparisons between the behavioral effects of response priming and positive reinforcement.
TL;DR: The presence of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in this patient suggests that this finding is not pathognomonic of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
Abstract: A 7 month old black female infant with the clinical findings of Pompe's disease is presented. The diagnosis of an infiltrative myocardiopathy with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction presenting with a pronounced systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral valve leaflet was made by echocardiography. This diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. Pathologic findings were consistent with Pompe's disease (type II glycogen storage disease). The presence of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in this patient suggests that this finding is not pathognomonic of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
TL;DR: A working hypothesis for the vinyl chloride carcinogenesis mechanism is proposed which involves chlorooxirane and chloroacetaldehyde monomer hydrate as the ultimate carcinogenic metabolites of vinyl chloride.
TL;DR: There were 738 fetal BPD determined in 468 normal obstetric patients between 16 and 43 weeks in whom (1) the size of the uterus on initial examination corresponded to the duration of amenorrhea +/- 1 week and (2) there were no complications during the pregnancy.
TL;DR: The kinetics of the migration of intestinal bacterial flora to the peritoneal cavity upon death of the host was studied and Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism, but other organisms such as gram-negative bacilli and spore-forming gram-positive b Bacilli gradually increased in numbers.
Abstract: The kinetics of the migration of intestinal bacterial flora to the peritoneal cavity upon death of the host was studied. A laboratory experiment that excluded any source of contamination was used. Samples of sterile saline solution in which a loop of the intestine was submerged were streaked onto blood agar at given intervals. Recovery of bacteria began after about 15 hours, with Staphylococcus aureus being the predominant organism. This organism showed a gradual decrease through a 36-hour period and at 48 hours was almost absent. In the same manner, other organisms such as gram-negative bacilli and spore-forming gram-positive bacilli gradually increased in numbers.
TL;DR: Concomitant intragastric administration of prostaglandin E2, Cholestyramine and an antacid (Maalox) was effective in preventing this type of acute erosive gastritis in rats.
Abstract: Intragastric administration of whole bile-produced acute erosive gastritis in rats. Concomitant intragastric administration of prostaglandin E2, Cholestyramine and an antacid (Maalox) was effective in preventing this type of acute erosive gastritis. The protective effect of prostaglandin E
2
−
in this regard was significantly more marked as compared to Cholestyramine and Maalox.
TL;DR: In 23 patients with laryngotracheal trauma at the Louisville General Hospital during a ten-year period, 19 survived and one death was directly atributable to the airway injury.
Abstract: In 23 patients with laryngotracheal trauma at the Louisville General Hospital during a ten-year period, 19 survived. One death was directly attributable to the airway injury. The most common postinjury complication was hoarseness attributable to direct injury to the cords or recurrent nerve paralysis. One patient had further operation for subglottic stenosis. In general, blunt injuries were more severe than penetrating injuries. Subcutaneous emphysema, aphonia or dysphonia, hemoptysis, signs of airway obstruction, loss of palpable landmarks, and, in penetrating injuries, a sucking wound, are presumptive findings of laryngotracheal injury. Appropriate endoscopy and radiographic studies should confirm the diagnosis. Control of the airway is achieved by emergency tracheostomy or intubation followed by tracheostomy. Prompt operative intervention and primary repair follow.
TL;DR: Neither the validity of generalizing typical life cycles in benthic studies, nor the rationale that congeneric species operate as a functional unit in stream dynamics, is substantiated.
Abstract: Bionomics of the stream caddisflies, Ceraclea transversa (Hagen) (= Athripsodes angustus Banks) and Ceraclea ancylus (Vorhies) (= Athripsodes ancylus (Vorhies)) were compared with generalized trichopteran life cycles. The univoltine detritus-feeding C. ancylus has five larval instars and a brief adult emergence period. C. transversa has five larval instars but two distinct cohorts, in which larvae of the first cohort feed entirely on freshwater sponge, overwinter as inactive prepupae, pupate, and emerge the following spring. The second larval cohort feeds on sponge until the onset of gemmulation in autumn, then the larvae must overwinter as active third- or fourth-instar detritus-feeders, pupating and emerging later in the summer than the first cohort. The detritus-feeding C. ancylus larvae have a diurnal feeding cycle. The sand case of C. ancylus and the silk-secreted case of C. transversa differ in shape and composition, although both species initiate case construction using egg mass matrix, silk, and detritus. Emergence, flight activity, sex ratios, and adult survival depart from reported generalizations of caddisfly biology. Neither the validity of generalizing typical life cycles in benthic studies, nor the rationale that congeneric species operate as a functional unit in stream dynamics, is substantiated.
TL;DR: There was a significant positive correlation between the plasma cadmium/zinc ratio and the mean arterial blood pressure and the plasma cadium in hypertensive patients.
Abstract: Summary 1. Plasma cadmium and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in inferior venal caval or peripheral venous blood in thirty hypertensive patients and fifteen normal subjects. 2. The mean plasma cadmium in hypertensive patients was significantly higher than in normal control subjects. 3. The plasma cadmiumlzinc ratio was significantly greater in hypertensive patients. 4. There was a significant positive correlation between the plasma cadmiumlzinc ratio and the mean arterial blood pressure.
TL;DR: Although this ubiquitous organism only infects debilitated people, mortality remains high because of its resistance to most antibiotics, understanding its biology and its lethal toxin, discovery of new antibiotics is a step forward.
Abstract: Although this ubiquitous organism only infects debilitated people, mortality remains high because of its resistance to most antibiotics. Understanding its biology and its lethal toxin, discovery of...
TL;DR: This investigation seeks to determine whether hypothermia is causally related to the restraint ulcer, and prevention of this phenomenon reduces the incidence of ulcers.