Showing papers by "University of Louisville published in 1978"
TL;DR: The relationship of the equity concept and behavioral models is discussed, and frameworks for future research are presented in this article, where a review of primary areas in which the concept of equitable treatment has centered, notes findings, and discusses significant theoretical/methodological issues.
Abstract: Organizational theorists have advanced models of individuals' determination of equitable payment for work. Current demands by minority and women's groups stress equitable treatment by formal organizations. This article reviews primary areas in which the concept of equitable treatment has centered, notes findings, and discusses significant theoretical/methodological issues. The relationship of the equity concept and behavioral models is discussed, and frameworks for future research are presented.
369 citations
TL;DR: The overall results suggested that the course of mental development is guided by the intrinsic scheduling of the genetic program acting in concert with maturational status and environmental influence.
Abstract: Early mental development is analyzed from an evolutionary viewpoint and related to the dynamic interplay of genetic programming, maturational status, and environmental influence. Data are reported from a large sample of twins and siblings who have been tested longitudinally from 3 months to 6 years of age. Monozygotic twins became increasingly concordant with age and also paralleled each other for the spurts and lags in development. Dizygotic twins became less concordant with age and eventually matched their singleton siblings as closely as one another. The overall results suggested that the course of mental development is guided by the intrinsic scheduling of the genetic program acting in concert with maturational status and environmental influence.
298 citations
161 citations
TL;DR: An immunochemical test for human blood in feces using goat antibodies to hemoglobin that accurately detects hemoglobin in mixtures of human blood and feces is developed.
Abstract: Current methods for testing stool samples for hemoglobin utilize peroxidase oxidation of chemical indicators such as guaiac or benzidine. These tests have frequent false-positive and false-negative results, complicating random screening for occult gastrointestinal bleeding. The authors have developed an immunochemical test for human blood in feces using goat antibodies to hemoglobin. When employed in radial immunoassay the test is uncomplicated by cross-reaction with common human foods or other nonhemorrhagic fecal fecal constitutents. The lower limit of sensitivity for hemoglobin in stool samples is 10 mg/dl, compared with a commonly reported threshold of 100 mg/dl for peroxidase tests. The test accurately detects hemoglobin in mixtures of human blood and feces. Immunochemical identification of human blood in stool offers improved detection of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
100 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the SSME main engine of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) has been subject to a rotordynamic instability problem, characterized by large and damaging subsynchronous whirling motion.
Abstract: The SSME (Space Shuttle Main Engine) HPFTP (High-Pressure Fuel Turbopump) has been subject to a rotordynamic instability problem, characterized by large and damaging subsynchronous whirling motion. The original design of the HPFTP (from a rotordynamic viewpoint) and the evolution of the HPFTP subsynchronous whirl problem are reviewed. The models and analysis which have been developed and utilized to explain the HPFTP instability and improve its stability performance are also reviewed. Elements of the rotordynamic model which are discussed in detail include the following: (a) hydrodynamic forces due to seals, (b) internal rotor damping, (c) bearing and casing support stiffness asymmetry, and (d) casing dynamics. The stability and synchronous response characteristics of the following two design alternatives are compared: (a) a 'stiff' symmetric bearing support design and (b) a damped asymmetric stiffness design. With appropriate interstage seal designs, both designs are shown, in theory to provide substantially improved stability and synchronous response characteristics in comparison to the original design. The asymmetric design is shown to have better stability and synchronous response characteristics than the stiffly supported design.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a test program is described for the assessment of the potential effects of newly-developed pesticides on non-target soil micro-organisms, and the pesticides to be tested are applied at the equivalent of their recommended field application concentration and, for a margin of safety, also at the tenfold thereof.
Abstract: Agricultural pesticides should be free of side effects that may cause a lasting disruption of microbial processes that are essential for continued soil fertility. A test program is described here for the assessment of the potential effects of newly-developed pesticides on non-target soil micro-organisms. The pesticides to be tested are applied at the equivalent of their recommended field application concentration and, for a margin of safety, also at the tenfold thereof. The measurement of pesticide effects on the microbial cycling of C, N and S constitute the core of the test program. These measurements are, in some cases, complemented by evaluation of pesticide effects on total and viable microbial numbers, on the abundance of specific components of the soil microbial community, and on the growth rates of selected soil microorganisms. The above test program was applied to evaluate the safety of the herbicides N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-clinitrobenzeneamine(pendimethalin) l,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H pyrazolium (difenzoquat), S-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (thiobencarb), and the fungicides N-[(trichloromethyl) thio]-phthalimide (folpet) and cis-N-[(l,l,2,2-tetrachloroethyl) thio]-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (captafol). No detectable adverse effects were caused by any of the tested herbicides. The fungicides inhibited some of the C cycling activities, but the inhibition was temporary and was associated with their effect on soil fungi.
90 citations
TL;DR: A Retrospective Symptom Scale of menstrual distress was found to be highly reliable, valid, and sensitive and did not affect frontalis EMG, peripheral blood flow, or pain threshold.
Abstract: Fourteen women with primary dysmenorrhea were administered four sessions of systematic desensitization (SD) by either a male or a female therapist. The following measures were taken during the flow periods before and after treatment and at a 6-month follow-up: menstrual symptom checklist, medication usage, invalid hours, and menstrual attitudes. At pretreatment, menstrually distressed women had significantly higher scores on all measures compared to a normative group and an explicitly nondistressed group. At posttreatment, treated women's scores on the dependent variables were significantly reduced. All indices were reduced to a "nondistressed level" at posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. Type of dysmenorrhea (congestive vs. spasmodic), trait anxiety level, and therepist sex did not predict differential responsiveness to SD. SD did not affect frontailis EMG, peripheral blood flow, or pain threshold. A Retrospective Symptom Scale of menstrual distress was found to be highly reliable, valid, and sensitive.
87 citations
65 citations
TL;DR: Therapy was basically palliative and aimed at mechanical interruption of the fistula, restoration of esophageal continuity, and avoidance of external tubes and appliances and Colon bypass and occasional resection can accomplish the same goal and possibly provide long-term survival in good-risk, young patients with small tumors.
65 citations
TL;DR: There is a predilection for occurrence in certain anatomic sites and that the appearance of lesions is dependent on location, and the most frequently affected areas are the buccal mucosa, showing a cobblestone pattern; the vestibule, demonstrating linear, hyperplastic folds and ulcers; and the lips, appearing diffusely swollen and indurated.
63 citations
TL;DR: The interaction of the Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone and dihydrozearalanol with specific estrogen binding sites was studied by using cytosol preparations of mammary glands from lactating rats to suggest that the biological action of Fusaria mycotoxin with estrogenic activity is mediated by intracellular estrogen receptors.
Abstract: The interaction of the Fusarium mycotoxins zearolenone and dihydrozearalanol with specific estrogen binding sites was studied by using cytosol preparations of mammary glands from lactating rats. Both substances inhibited [3H]estradiol‐17β association with its binding site in a competitive fashion. This inhibition was a result principally of an effect on estrogen binding by the 8S species of receptors separated by density gradient centrifugation. These data suggest that the biological action of Fusarium mycotoxins with estrogenic activity is mediated by intracellular estrogen receptors.
TL;DR: Hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms were enumerated from Alaskan continental shelf areas by using plate counts and a new most-probable-number procedure based on mineralization of (14)C-labeled hydrocarbons, and biodegradation potentials showed large seasonal variations in the Beaufort Sea.
Abstract: Hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms were enumerated from Alaskan continental shelf areas by using plate counts and a new most-probable-number procedure based on mineralization of (14)C-labeled hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon utilizers were ubiquitously distributed, with no significant overall concentration differences between sampling regions or between surface water and sediment samples. There were, however, significant seasonal differences in numbers of hydrocarbon utilizers. Distribution of hydrocarbon utilizers within Cook Inlet was positively correlated with occurrence of hydrocarbons in the environment. Hydrocarbon biodegradation potentials were measured by using (14)C-radiolabeled hydrocarbon-spiked crude oil. There was no significant correlation between numbers of hydrocarbon utilizers and hydrocarbon biodegradation potentials. The biodegradation potentials showed large seasonal variations in the Beaufort Sea, probably due to seasonal depletion of available nutrients. Non-nutrient-limited biodegradation potentials followed the order hexadecane > naphthalene >> pristane > benzanthracene. In Cook Inlet, biodegradation potentials for hexadecane and naphthalene were dependent on availability of inorganic nutrients. Biodegradation potentials for pristane and benzanthracene were restricted, probably by resistance to attack by available enzymes in the indigenous population.
TL;DR: In this article, the time-rate of secondary swelling under one-dimensional drainage and either one dimensional or isotropic deformation conditions was investigated using reconstituted specimens of Duck Creek.
Abstract: Time-rate of swelling under one-dimensional drainage and either one-dimensional or isotropic deformation conditions was investigated using reconstituted specimens of Duck Creek. Crab Orchard, Cucaracha aid Bearpaw shales. Cylindrical specimens were used, drainage was allowed from the top, and pore water pressure was measured at the base of all specimens. Load-deformation-history variables included maximum pressure (80 psi, 500 psi and 1500 psi), overconsolidation ratio (1.07–250), decrement ratio (0·07–15·7), and sustained secondary swelling (up to 3 log time cycles). The swelling index, Cs, is a function of the overconsolidation ratio, OCR. Cs, changes with effective stress and the rate of excess negative pore pressure dissipation is very sensitive to the changes. Secondary swelling can be very sig nificant. The ratio of secondary swelling index, Cas, to Cs, can be as high as 0·4. The maximum value of 0·4 for Cas/Cc, contrasts with the maximum observed value of 0·1 for Cα/cs, for consolidation. However, ...
TL;DR: The effects of glucose and glucagon upon D cell secretion from the isolated perfused canine pancreas are examined in hopes of learning more about somatostatin's normal and possibly abnormal function within islets.
Abstract: Following its recent discovery, somatostatin was found to be a potent inhibitor of insulin and glucagon secretion 1 . Shortly thereafter somatostatin immunoreactivity was found in pancreatic islets 2, 3 and then was localized in the islet D cell 4 . Furthermore the somatostatin content of islets from streptoxotocin-diabetic rats has been found to be elevated 5 and there is also evidence of D cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in human diabetes mellitus 6 . In hopes of learning more about somatostatin's normal and possibly abnormal function within islets, we have examined the effects of glucose and glucagon upon D cell secretion from the isolated perfused canine pancreas.
TL;DR: Some of the requirements of a method for assessing the mobility of blind pedestrians are suggested and measures should be included that permit valid inferences concerning the perceptual and cognitive processes upon which mobility depends, so that a more adequate theory of mobility can be developed.
Abstract: Improving the mobility of blind pedestrians will require the application of methods developed by human factors specialists. Mobility must be recognized as a complex skill, the analysis of which will provide the information that is needed for the design of mobility aids, the development of training methods, and the evaluation of both. This paper suggests some of the requirements of a method for assessing the mobility of blind pedestrians. In so far as possible, mobility should be studied in a situation that provides both experimental control and reasonable fidelity to those situations in which the mobility task is ordinarily performed. Measures should be independent of the mobility aid used by the blind pedestrian. They should be operationally defined. They should assess behaviors that lead to the realization of the terminal objective of the mobility task. Finally, measures should be included that permit valid inferences concerning the perceptual and cognitive processes upon which mobility depends, so that...
TL;DR: Serum selenium levels were determined by neutron activation analysis on 59 patients with a variety of reticuloendothelial neoplasms by examining the widely variable range in the serum concentrations of the trace element with the parameters employed in this study.
Abstract: Serum selenium levels were determined by neutron activation analysis on 59 patients with a variety of reticuloendothelial neoplasms. Correlations were attempted between the widely variable range in the serum concentrations of the trace element with the parameters employed in this study. Therapy, particularly less than six weeks initiation, produced elevations in the serum selenium levels.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the D1 cell of the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine system is the cell of origin for the described carcinoid as well as for the above-mentioned tumours of the lung.
Abstract: A unique ultrastructural feature in a duodenal carcinoid is described, viz., large juxtanuclear accumulations of microfilaments arranged in whorls. Similar microfilaments are found in the D1 cell of the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine system. Apparently identical whorl-like accumulations of filaments have been previously described in bronchial cells of animals treated with nitrosamines and in human giant cell carcinoma of the lung. We suggest that the D1 cell is the cell of origin for the described carcinoid as well as for the above-mentioned tumours of the lung.
TL;DR: The authors found social indicators analysis successfully identified differential areas of need within the SMSA which served as the research site and suggested it is a practical and valid means for assessing human service needs at a general level.
TL;DR: A case history is presented of a 10-year-old patient, who accidentally injured her maxillary central incisor, and the fracture line was brought above the level of alveolar bone where successful restoration of the tooth by the acid-etch method could be accomplished.
Abstract: A fracture below the alveolar crest of the left maxillary central incisor was restored by the acid-etch method after extrusion of the tooth. A 10-year-old girl fractured her left maxillary central incisor below the alveolar crest. Combining endodontic therapy and orthodontic extrusion, the fracture line was repositioned to allow adequate restoration. A tooth that would have routinely been extracted was saved and restored through use of a collaborative approach.
TL;DR: Results from epidemiologic data indicate that lower socioeconomic status is probably the most fundamental factor associated with high risk for both physical and mental illness.
TL;DR: A 70 year old male developed marrow aplasia and pancytopenia after receiving 10 mg of colchicine intravenously over a period of 5 days for acute gouty arthritis despite a fatal outcome.
Abstract: A 70 year old male developed marrow aplasia and pancytopenia after receiving 10 mg of colchicine intravenously over a period of 5 days for acute gouty arthritis. Despite a fatal outcome, evidence of recovery of hematopoiesis was observed in the bone marrow 3 days after the last dose of the drug. The pathogenetic mechanism by which colchicine induced marrow aplasia in this patient remains unclear.
TL;DR: Examining submaximum exercise responses revealed that the group with higher [Vdot]O2-AT values took up oxygen to steady state at a faster rate (p < .05), exhibited a slightly lower steady state [V dot]O1 value, and showed a tendency for a faster rates of [V dotsO2 uptake during recovery to baseline va...
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate use of the onset of metabolic acidosis (anaerobic threshold) as a criterion measure of submaximum fitness. [Vdot]O2 max and the onset of metabolic acidosis (using gas exchange variables;) were determined. Twenty-eight subjects completed, without work decrement, a submaximum work task of 300 kgm·min−1 for an 8-minute duration. Matching individuals with respect to [Vdot]O2 max (within 30 ml·min−1) yielded 11 matched pairs. These pairs were divided with respect to [Vdot]O2 uptake at the point of metabolic acidosis ([Vdot]O2-AT). This resulted in significant differences in [Vdot]O2-AT (X difference = 254 ml, p < .05) between the equal [Vdot]O2 max groups. Examining submaximum exercise responses revealed that the group with higher [Vdot]O2-AT values took up oxygen to steady state at a faster rate (p < .05), exhibited a slightly lower steady state [Vdot]O2 value, and showed a tendency for a faster rate of [Vdot]O2 uptake during recovery to baseline va...
TL;DR: Lysosomes, but not mitochondria, in addition to plasma membranes, intrinsically contain receptors for PGs and gonadotropins, and these receptors are associated with the membrane but not the contents of lysosome.
TL;DR: [Vdot]o2 max (ml kg−1 min−1) significantly increased and submaximal heart rate (EKG) significantly decreased during arm testing of arm trained subjects, and similar results were reported on bicycle and arm crank ergometers respectively.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate metabolic responses to submaximal and maximal exercise performed with trained versus untrained muscles. The subjects were 17 male college students randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. Group II (N = 8) performed high intensity arm cranking exercise on a modified bicycle ergometer and Group II (N = 9) performed high intensity bench stepping with arms at sides to a height of 50·8 cm. Both groups trained three days per week for ten weeks. Each subject was tested twice at the beginning and twice at the conclusion of the ten week period. Discontinuous tests (5 min bouts) for determination of submaximal and maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]o2 max ) were randomly assigned and performed on bicycle and arm crank ergometers. respectively. [Vdot]o2 max (ml kg−1 min−1) significantly increased (19%) and submaximal heart rate (EKG) significantly decreased during arm testing of arm trained subjects. Similar results ( [Vdot]o2 max ml kg−1 min−1, incr...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assessed the performance differences associated with field independence/field articulation reflect differential efficiency in the use of a limited capacity information processing system termed working memory and found that high FA and low FA subjects made more errors in digit recall.
TL;DR: A new notion of centrality called the telephone center is introduced and is shown to be equivalent to the centroid as well.
TL;DR: Three histologic types of tubular carcinoma of the breast are described and strict criteria for diagnosis of the mixed type are recommended.
Abstract: Tubular carcinoma of the breast is a recognizable histologic type of invasive mammary carcinoma, characterized by infrequent axillary lymph nodal metastases and an excellent prognosis. Of all carcinomas of the breast diagnosed in 1974 in the Louisville area, 42, or 10.3% were of the tubular variety. This is in contrast to the previously expressed opinion that tubular carcinoma is rare. Three histologic types of tubular carcinoma are described. Strict criteria for diagnosis of the mixed type are recommended.
TL;DR: Electroencephalograms were recorded during rest and during prayer in the laboratory from 6 adults aged 24 to 70 yr.
Abstract: Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded during rest and during prayer in the laboratory from 6 adults aged 24 to 70 yr. belonging to the Protestant faith. The purpose was to discover whether the electrocortical rhythms during prayer are slower than they are during rest as has been reported to be the case in Transcendental Meditation. Findings did not show any evidence of EEG slowing in prayer. Indeed, the opposite result, namely, a speeding-up of the EEG, was observed in the majority of subjects. In one subject the shift from rest to prayer amounted to an average increase in frequency of 1.6 c/sec. Findings were discussed in relation to similar results which have been reported in highly experienced Yoga meditators and advanced Transcendental Meditators capable of deep meditative states. Confirmatory evidence from one subject who was a highly experienced Sufi meditator is also presented.
TL;DR: Oral exfoliative cytology can be a powerful tool for early detection of malignant and premalignant lesions as well as for some viral and fungal infections, if the limitations of the method are thoroughly understood and appreciated by the dental clinician.
Abstract: The use of oral exfoliative cytology in a dental practice is discussed. Oral exfoliative cytology can be a powerful tool for early detection of malignant and premalignant lesions as well as for some viral and fungal infections, if the limitations of the method are thoroughly understood and appreciated by the dental clinician. The rationale for oral cytology is developed and documented, and interpretations of the results are explained. Advantages and disadvantages of this technique are given and indications and contraindications for this diagnostic adjunct are discussed. A simple method involving the use of inexpensive equipment in the office is suggested.