Showing papers by "University of Louisville published in 1983"
TL;DR: Five scales were assessed as mental health measures for older persons: Affect Balance, The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, General Well-Being, LSI-Z Life Satisfaction, and Trait-Anxiety Inventory, finding that all scales significantly discriminated between the two samples.
Abstract: Five scales were assessed as mental health measures for older persons: Affect Balance, The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, General Well-Being, LSI-Z Life Satisfaction, and Trait-Anxiety Inventory. These scales were administered to a community sample of 279 older persons and a clinical sample of 109 older persons who were in psychiatric inpatient units. In both samples, the internal consistency reliabilities for the anxiety, depression, and well-being scales were moderately high to high, for the life satisfaction scale they were acceptable, but the reliabilities for the affect balance scale suggest some caution in its use. For validity, multivariate analyses of variance found that all scales significantly discriminated between the two samples. The well-being and then depression scales were the strongest discriminators while the life satisfaction scale had the weakest validity. Cutting points for the well-being and depression scales are suggested for estimating the proportions of older persons who would be probable at-risk for disorder that requires intervention.
353 citations
TL;DR: It is found that nucleolar size and pleomorphism are important variables that should be considered in the classification of uveal melanomas.
337 citations
TL;DR: Abnormal gastric emptying in the obese has been previously suggested and obese subjects were found to have a more rapid emptying rate than nonobese subjects.
235 citations
TL;DR: Diatom immigration rates were increased by changes in microhabitat characteristics similar to those autogenically generated during diatom community development as discussed by the authors, and were affected by changes of current patterns around substrate in streams.
Abstract: Diatom immigration rates were affected by changes in current patterns similar to those found around substrates in streams and were increased by changes in microhabitat characteristics similar to those autogenically generated during diatom community development. Diatom abundances on tiles exposed for 24 h, i.e., diatom immigration rates, ranged from 30 to 1500 cells.cm-2 d-1. Immigration rates in areas sheltered from the 27 cm/s currents of two Michigan streams were greater than in areas exposed to the current. Diatom immigration rates increased by a factor of 6 when microhabitat conditions were altered by interrupting currents near the substrate surface, and by a factor of 2 when substrates were coated with agar. These two microhabitat conditions, respectively, simulated changes in current patterns near the substrate, and in adsorptive characteristics of the substrate that could occur autogenically as diatoms accumulate on substrates. Species-specific effects of current velocity and microhabitat conditions were related to size and growth habits of cells.
217 citations
TL;DR: The Amoco Cadiz oil spill of March 1978 is the largest and best studied tanker spill in history, although hydrocarbon concentrations remain elevated in those estuaries and marshes that were initially most heavily oiled.
Abstract: The Amoco Cadiz oil spill (223,000 metric tons) of March 1978 is the largest and best studied tanker spill in history. Of the total oil lost, 30,000 tons (13.5 percent) rapidly became incorporated into the water column, 18,000 tons (8 percent) were deposited in subtidal sediments, 62,000 tons (28 percent) washed into the intertidal zone, and 67,000 tons (30 percent) evaporated. While still at sea, approximately 10,000 tons of oil were degraded microbiologically. After 3 years, the most obvious effects of the spill have passed, although hydrocarbon concentrations remain elevated in those estuaries and marshes that were initially most heavily oiled.
150 citations
TL;DR: A supplemental analysis of covariance using the pretest as a covariate found that the treatment reduced emotional discomfort in both partners, reduced depression in the patient, and increased sexual satisfaction for both spouses.
Abstract: The evidence suggests that medical treatment of breast cancer produces psychosocial trauma in both the patient and her husband due to the loss of the breast and/or physical disfigurement. This study evaluated the effects of a structured couples treatment program on the psychosocial discomfort following a mastectomy. Twenty couples were randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions and were administered an assessment battery before and after treatment that measured change in marital happiness, sexual satisfaction, depression, self-esteem, helplessness, anxiety, alienation, and emotional discomfort. An analysis of variance yielded no significant difference between experimental and control conditions on any of the dependent variables. A supplemental analysis of covariance using the pretest as a covariate found that the treatment reduced emotional discomfort in both partners, reduced depression in the patient, and increased sexual satisfaction for both spouses. Recommendations were made fo...
128 citations
TL;DR: Black women had a significantly lower survival than did white women, but no black woman younger than age 50 died of disease, and nuclear grade was the most important histologic determinant of survival, followed by depth of myometrial invasion.
Abstract: A review of the pathologic material from patients in our population based uterine cancer registry in Louisville, Kentucky identified three subtypes of endometrial carcinoma with a favorable prognosis: adenoacanthoma, adenocarcinoma with no specific features, and secretory carcinoma. Three subtypes with a much less favorable prognosis were papillary carcinoma, mixed adenosquamous carcinoma, and clear cell carcinoma. The other important determinants of treatment results were: stage of disease, age, race, nuclear grade, and depth of myometrial invasion. This study evaluated these prognostic determinants for the favorable subtypes with Stage 1 disease that were fully treated. There were 595 patient eligible for five-year and 380 for ten-year vital status evaluation. Only three patients were lost to follow-up at five years and four at ten years. The five-year survival was 88.1% and the ten-year 74.5%. At five years 4.4% were dead of disease and at ten years 6.3%. There were 115 women younger than age 50. Their five-year survival was 98.3% and at ten years 94.6%. None was dead of disease at five years and only one at ten years. Black women had a significantly lower survival than did white women, but no black woman younger than age 50 died of disease. Nuclear grade was the most important histologic determinant of survival, followed by depth of myometrial invasion. Recommendations for treatment planning were formulated based on these prognosticators.
117 citations
TL;DR: Patients undergoing orthodontic therapy were evaluated for longitudinal changes in relative S. mutans numbers in plaque at discrete sites on the tooth surface associated with direct bond appliances.
Abstract: Patients undergoing orthodontic therapy were evaluated for longitudinal changes in relative S. mutans numbers in plaque at discrete sites on the tooth surface associated with direct bond appliances. There was a significant linear increase in the percentage of S. mutans in the total streptococci isolated from the last pre-bracket sample through the last bracket sample.
105 citations
TL;DR: Patients continue to present postoperatively with inadequate nasal airflow due to hypertrophied turbinates, and partial resection of turbinate mucosa, submucous turbinate resection, electrocautery and outfractures provide additional improvement but are incomplete procedures.
Abstract: Surgical correction of mechanical nasal airway obstruction is commonly attempted by means of septoplasty or submucous resection. In spite of these procedures, patients continue to present postoperatively with inadequate nasal airflow due to hypertrophied turbinates. Partial resection of turbinate mucosa, submucous turbinate resection, electrocautery and outfracture of turbinates provide additional improvement but are incomplete procedures. Total inferior turbinectomies have been performed on 40 patients over the past 5 years; 29 of these patients have been followed from 2 to 60 months postoperatively by clinical examination and by formal questionnaire. Twenty-five patients described a marked improvement of their nasal breathing, 3 had mild improvement, and 1 had no improvement at all. Only 1 patient, 1 year postoperatively, described excessive dryness, 2 described mild dryness, 3 described excessive secretions and none complained of foul smell or pain postoperatively. All patients had patent airways by clinical examination by at least 2 otolaryngologists. The inferior turbinates play a role in humidification and temperature regulation of inspired air. The removal of them, however, does not seem to be fraught with the morbidity which has heretofore been attributed to this procedure.
100 citations
TL;DR: The initial administration of more mannitol than is absolutely needed may lead to larger doses being required to control ICP and for that reason, mann Capitol given on a gram/kilogram, an hourly, or a serum osmolarity basis to control increased ICP has negative long term effects.
Abstract: We studied 61 patients with a closed head injury and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). The ICP was monitored continuously, concomitant with the administration of 20% mannitol. If the ICP remained higher than 25 mm Hg for 10 minutes or more, the patient was included in the study. Analysis of monitoring records delineated four variables that were related to the response of ICP to mannitol: (a) the level of ICP 1 hour before mannitol was administered, (b) the level of ICP when mannitol was administered, (c) the amount of mannitol that was administered immediately before the resulting changes in ICP were measured, and (d) the cumulative amount of mannitol given over the 6 hours before the most recent mannitol dosage was administered. The level of the ICP measurements and the cumulative amount of preceding doses of mannitol influenced the response of ICP to mannitol more than did the size of the dose of mannitol. These findings imply that: (a) the initial administration of more mannitol than is absolutely needed may lead to larger doses being required to control ICP and (b) for that reason, mannitol given on a gram/kilogram, an hourly, or a serum osmolarity basis to control increased ICP has negative long term effects because more mannitol may be required to decrease ICP when an excessive amount of it has been given previously.
87 citations
TL;DR: Orofacial abscesses studied using culture techniques for both aerobic and anaerobic organisms contained anaerobes; of this group, 39 per cent had organisms resistant to penicillin.
TL;DR: Of the various types of proteins that form noncovalent complexes with steroid hormones, only the serum proteins will be discussed, and characteristics of the binding sites are deduced from specificity studies.
TL;DR: Investigation of the suitability of administering nicotine to experimental animals by inclusion in the drinking water indicates that ad libitum oral administration is an acceptable method for maintaining experimental animals on nicotine for long periods of time.
TL;DR: Four patients died, three as a result of the failure of ureteral repair and intra-abdominal sepsis, and all patients with injuries missed during the primary operation had poor results of u reteral reconstruction.
Abstract: • Twenty-five patients sustained 27 iatrogenic ureteral injuries during various operative procedures. Injuries were managed by ureteroureterostomy in 11 injuries, ureteroneocystostomy in 11, nephrectomy in two, ureteral stent in one, cutaneous ureterostomy in one, and reimplantation into an ileal conduit in one. Four of 25 patients died, three as a result of the failure of ureteral repair and intra-abdominal sepsis. Short-term failure of repair occurred in five patients; long-term failure occurred in three. All patients with injuries missed during the primary operation had poor results of ureteral reconstruction. Immediate recognition of accidental ureteral injury provides optimum results. Injuries within 4 cm of the ureterovesical junction are managed by ureteroneocystostomy; injuries greater than 4 cm, by ureteroureterostomy. Crush injuries require immediate placement of a ureteral stent. Prior pelvic radiotherapy or intra-abdominal infection should preclude any attempt at primary reconstruction. (Arch Surg1983;118:454-457)
Journal Article•
TL;DR: H/H suspended rats failed to grow; following removal from suspension they gained weight linearly, comparable to controls; products of muscle metabolism including urea, ammonia, and 3-methylhistidine increased in the urine during H/H suspension and were significantly reduced approaching control levels during recovery.
Abstract: Hypokinetic/hyupodynamic (H/H) whole body suspension of rats eliminates hindlimb load bearing functions while permitting continued use of the forelimbs. Responses of hindlimb muscles were assessed in terms of absolute and relative weights during 1 and 2 weeks of H/H suspension. Muscle mass loss was in the order soleus greater than gastrocnemius equal to plantaris greater than extensor digitorum longus (EDL). The soleus, a postural antigravity muscle composed mainly of slow twitch fibers, was most sensitive, losing 35 and 45 percent of its weight during the first and second weeks, respectively. The gastrocnemius and plantaris showed losses during the first week but no significant loss during the second wee. The EDL showed little or no weight loss. During post suspension recovery all muscles showed a weight gain. H/H suspended rats failed to grow; following removal from suspension they gained weight linearly, comparable to controls. Products of muscle metabolism including urea, ammonia, and 3-methylhistidine increased in the urine during H/H suspension and were significantly reduced approaching control levels during recovery. This suspension model offers considerable promise for comparison with H/H responses during weightlessness.
TL;DR: This framework believes that knowing those resources most likely to be effective in buffering or boosting a particular event should guide the planning of programs for groups likely to experience that event.
Abstract: A framework is presented that examines resources, environmental changes, and time in relation to one another and to changes in psychological affect. Resources in the aggregate are assumed to have both main effects and interactive effects on changes in psychological states. With undesirable life events, the resource interaction is assumed to be a buffer function, with resources making their strongest contribution at moderate levels of undesirable events. With desirable events, the resource interaction is assumed to be a multiplicative booster function, the effect of resources increasing as the level of desirable events increases. Cumulative undesirable demand is a variable with broader context than life events and is assumed to directly increase negative changes in psychological states. Time is considered a passive moderator, reducing the impact of either desirable or undesirable changes on psychological states. Alternative paths leading to positive change, status quo, and negative change in psychological states are then described, including the "false hope" hypothesis, and relations among variables are specified.
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive home assessment was performed for 116 families whose twins were participants in a longitudinal study of early mental development, and a large number of rating and observations made by a social worker during the home visit were condensed via factor analysis into four primary scores: adequacy of the home environment, maternal temperament, maternal cognitive skills, and maternal social-affect.
TL;DR: The current understanding of organ failures and their clinical presentation is reviewed, and broad categories of the investigation of the pathophysiology of this failure are presented: blood-borne toxins, the microaggregate concept, host-defense dysfunction, and biochemical studies of altered metabolism in patients with sepsis.
TL;DR: In order to gain closure of the flexor tendon sheath after tendon repair, onsideration is given to the method of opening the sheath, its siting and the methods of tendon suturing.
Abstract: Summary In order to gain closure of the flexor tendon sheath after tendon repair, onsideration is given to the method of opening the sheath, its siting and the method of tendon suturing.
TL;DR: Rate immunonephelometry has provided a more sensitive and rapid method of quantifying CRP than the qualitative latex agglutination slide test used in their study and was studied in patients with meningitis.
TL;DR: The topography of prostaglandin (PG) E and F2 alpha receptors in uteri of premenopausal women was investigated and the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding compared to dysmenorrhea was associated with an increase in [3H]PGE1 binding.
Abstract: The topography of prostaglandin (PG) E and F2α receptors in uteri of premenopausal women was investigated by dividing uteri into six equal longitudinal strips and further dividing each strip into approximately 1-cm segments. Tissue for determination of smooth muscle content using the Trichrome stain was taken from each section, and the remainder was homogenized for binding studies with 3H-labeled PGs. The [3H] PGE1 binding (mean, 41.5 fmol/mg protein; range, 23.1–58.3) was about 8-fold greater in the fundus than [3H]PGF2α binding (mean, 4.8 fmol/mg protein; range, 1.3–13.0), and this trend was found in most uterine sections. The binding of both 3H-labeled PGs decreased from fundus to cervix, and this decrease was similar to the decrease in smooth muscle content. Scatchard analysis revealed apparent dissociation constants (Kds) of 1.4 and 76 nM and apparent specific binding capacities (Ns) of 25 and 488 fmol/mg protein for [3H]PGE2, and Kd values of 11.5 and 81 nM and Ns values of 19.4 and 58 fmol/mg prote...
TL;DR: The obturator prosthesis has the advantage of being formed with entirely heat-cured material, and the thickness of the hollow extension can easily be controlled.
Abstract: A technique for the construction of a hollow obturator prosthesis has been described. The obturator prosthesis has the advantage of being formed with entirely heat-cured material, and the thickness of the hollow extension can easily be controlled.
TL;DR: The role of women in Islamic society has been an issue for debate in post-revolutionary Iran, particularly in light of recent rulings affecting women as discussed by the authors, where some women who participated in the revolution alongside men now find themselves in a peculiarly difficult position in relation to society and the current government.
Abstract: Defining the role of women in Islamic society has been an issue for debate in post-revolutionary Iran, particularly in light of recent rulings affecting women. This is not merely a theoretical debate but a crisis situation where some women who participated in the revolution alongside men now find themselves in a peculiarly difficult position in relation to society and the current government. Ali shariati (d. 1977), through his publihsed works and transcribed lectures during the 1960s and 1970s, has had a tremendous impact on the direction of this debate. Completely rejecting the role of women in both western and traditional societies, Shariati offers a third alternative: the figure of Fatima, daughter of the Prophet Mohammad and wife of Ali, the first Imam of the Shi'is as the personification of women's role.
TL;DR: This method—computerized histopathologic assessment of malignant potential (CHAMP)— provides the pathologist with a practical method for extracting prognostic information from standard H & E‐stained microslides of uveal melanomas.
Abstract: To assess the malignant potential of uveal melanomas from standard histopathologic material, a single microslide from each of 100 cases underwent computer-assisted measurement of nucleolar cross-sectional area. The standard deviation of 200 measurements per slide correlated well with survival of patients following enucleation for their ocular tumor. Furthermore, a statistical model calculated from these measurements effectively predicted survival for 50 additional cases. Additional investigation demonstrated the following features of this method: (1) a high level of reproducibility; (2) acceptable constancy among different levels of the same tumor; (3) a practical expenditure of resources (assessment of each case required less than 40 minutes of a technician's time and an apparatus costing approximately $20,00). This method--computerized histopathologic assessment of malignant potential (CHAMP)--thus provides the pathologist with a practical method for extracting prognostic information from standard H & E-stained microslides of uveal melanomas. Previous studies by other researchers suggests that a similar method might be effective in assessing the malignant potential of more common neoplasms.
TL;DR: This report describes reconstructions of complex thoracic defects with myocutaneous and muscle flaps that were modified by several recent refinements of flap design, which have substantially increased versatility and extended applications, as compared with the originally described flaps.
TL;DR: A case of basal cell carcinoma, metastatic to the lung, which was successfully treated with cisplatin is reported, and three other cases treated similarly are reviewed, and the prospects for treatment of advanced basal cell cancers with chemotherapy are discussed.
Abstract: Basal cell carcinoma normally causes major morbidity only by direct extension of the tumor into adjacent tissues. Occasionally the tumor will metastasize to distant sites such as the lungs, the bones, regional lymph nodes, and the abdominal viscera. Over 100 cases of this disseminated disease are reported in the literature. Once a tumor has metastasized beyond the regional lymph nodes it is uniformly fatal. This article reports a case of basal cell carcinoma, metastatic to the lung, which was successfully treated with cisplatin. Three other cases treated similarly are reviewed, and the prospects for treatment of advanced basal cell carcinomas with chemotherapy are discussed.
TL;DR: It is suggested that T-V curves generate from peak torque are not as sensitive to influences produced by muscle fiber type as those curves generated from constant angle torque.
Abstract: Peak and constant angle torque-velocity (T-V) curves were measured on a group of fast-twitch (FT,n=10) and slow-twitch (ST,n=6) subjects using a Cybex dynamometer. The T-V curve was plotted from 10 randomly assigned velocities ranging from 0.52 to 5.24 rad s−1 (30 to 300‡ s−1). Each subject was tested four times with at least 24 h between testing sessions. Torque-velocity curves were plotted from the peak torque generated throughout the range of motion and from torque produced at a constant angle (150‡). When all subjects were combined into a single group, no significant difference existed between the normalized T-V curves even though they differed significantly in absolute amounts. When subjects were grouped according to muscle fiber type the T-V curves produced from constant angle torque differed significantly while those generated from peak torque did not. This finding suggests that T-V curves generated from peak torque are not as sensitive to influences produced by muscle fiber type as those curves generated from constant angle torque.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the keratinizing and calcifying odontogenic cyst (KCOC), a lesion that features proliferating ameloblastic epithelium, ghost keratin, calcification, and cyst formation, may more precisely mimic the craniopharyngioma.
TL;DR: A "QOL-Contribution" model for resource allocation decisions is proposed that integrates concepts and values from community psychology, need assessment, and quality of life studies to establish the goodness-of-fit between a population and its environment.
Abstract: A "QOL-Contribution" model for resource allocation decisions is proposed that integrates concepts and values from community psychology, need assessment, and quality of life (QOL) studies. QOL is taken as the criterion for establishing the goodness-of-fit between a population and its environment. It is assumed that the characteristics of a given human group interact with the resources and the stressors of its environment, with its level of QOL as the result. The utility and the implications of the model for resource decisions are demonstrated with data from a statewide need assessment. In this application, different life domains, and different program targets within life domains, are prioritized according to their relative contributions to QOL. The findings for mental health and employment illustrate the specificity of the model's application. The model is then restated as the general task, and a unifying theme, for community psychology.