University of Louisville

About: University of Louisville is a education organization based out in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 24600 authors who have published 49248 publications receiving 1573346 citations. The organization is also known as: UofL.

Interspecies communication between plant and mouse gut host cells through edible plant derived exosome-like nanoparticles

Abstract: Scope Exosomes, small vesicles participating in intercellular communication have been extensively studied recently; however, the role of edible plant derived exosomes in interspecies communication has not been investigated. Here, we investigate the biological effects of edible plant derived exosome-like nanoparticles (EPDEN) on mammalian cells.

Growth and development in preterm infants fed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Abstract: Objectives. A randomized, masked, controlled trial was conducted to assess effects of supplementing premature infant formulas with oils containing the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n6), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) on growth, visual acuity, and multiple indices of development. Methods. Infants (N = 470) with birth weights 750 to 1800 g were assigned within 72 hours of the first enteral feeding to 1 of 3 formula groups with or without long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: 1) control (N = 144), 2) AA+DHA from fish/fungal oil (N = 140), and 3) AA+DHA from egg-derived triglyceride (egg-TG)/fish oil (N = 143). Infants were fed human milk and/or Similac Special Care with or without 0.42% AA and 0.26% DHA to term corrected age (CA), then fed human milk or NeoSure with or without 0.42% AA and 0.16% DHA to 12 months9 CA. Infants fed exclusively human milk to term CA (EHM-T; N = 43) served as a reference. Results. Visual acuity measured by acuity cards at 2, 4, and 6 months9 CA was not different among groups. Visual acuity measured by swept-parameter visual-evoked potentials in a subgroup from 3 sites (45 control, 50 AA+DHA [fish/fungal]; 39 AA+DHA [egg-TG/fish]; and 23 EHM-T) was better in both the AA+DHA (fish/fungal; least square [LS] means [cycle/degree] ± standard error [SE; octaves] 11.4 ± 0.1) and AA+DHA (egg-TG/fish; 12.5 ± 0.1) than control (8.4 ± 0.1) and closer to that of the EHM-T group (16.0 ± 0.2) at 6 months9 CA. Visual acuity improved from 4 to 6 months9 CA in all but the control group. Scores on the Fagan test of novelty preference were greater in AA+DHA (egg-TG/fish; LS means ± SE, 59.4 ± 7.7) than AA+DHA (fish/fungal; 57.0 ± 7.5) and control (57.5 ± 7.4) at 6 months9 CA, but not at 9 months9 CA. There were no differences in the Bayley Mental Development Index at 12 months9 CA. However, the Bayley motor development index was higher for AA+DHA (fish/fungal; LS means ± SE, 90.6 ± 4.4) than control (81.8 ± 4.3) for infants ≤1250 g. When Spanish-speaking infants and twins were excluded from the analyses, the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory revealed that control infants (LS means ± SE, 94.1 ± 2.9) had lower vocabulary comprehension at 14 months9 CA than AA+DHA (fish/fungal) infants (100.6 ± 2.9) or AA+DHA (egg-TG/fish) infants (102.2 ± 2.8). There were no consistent differences in weight, length, head circumference, or anthropometric gains. Conclusion. These results showed a benefit of supplementing formulas for premature infants with AA and DHA from either a fish/fungal or an egg-TG/fish source from the time of first enteral feeding to 12 months9 CA.

Epithelial wound healing enhanced by transforming growth factor-alpha and vaccinia growth factor

Abstract: Epidermal regeneration following middermal injuries to skin requires both proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes in culture, and topical administration of EGF accelerates epidermal regeneration of partial thickness burns or split-thickness incisions in vivo. Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and vaccinia growth factor (VGF) have substantial sequence homology with EGF, and all appear to bind to the same receptor protein. Whether TGF-alpha or VGF can affect epidermal wound healing in vivo is not known. The present studies show that topical administration of TGF-alpha or VGF in antibiotic cream to partial thickness burns (second degree) accelerated epidermal regeneration in comparison with untreated or vehicle-treated burns. Low levels of both TGF-alpha and VGF (0.1 microgram per milliliter) appeared to be more effective than EGF in stimulating epidermal regeneration. Regenerated epithelium from burns treated with TGF-alpha or VGF appeared normal histologically. This finding suggests that topical application of selected growth factors may be useful in accelerating healing of partial thickness injuries.